GRE官方试题

Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium—substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore say that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors and that causes the bones to weaken significantly with age. But a long-term study of a large number of people found that those who consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are symptomatic of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

题目讲解

【翻译】
牛奶和奶制品富含维生素D和钙，这是骨骼生长和维持所必须的物质。因此很多人相信多吃奶制品的饮食可以帮助预防骨质疏松症，这是一种骨骼随年龄而显著弱化而且与环境和基因因素相关联的疾病。但是一项对大量人群的长期研究发现那些在研究期间经常食用奶制品的人骨折发病率比其他参加研究的人要高。由于骨折是骨质疏松症的症状之一，这一研究结果表明富含奶制品的饮食实际上会增加而不是减少患骨质疏松症的危险。

【分析】
1.作者没有提供足够的证据证明，使骨质酥松症而不是其他的因素导致了骨折。可能有其他的原因
2.作者还忽略了导致骨质酥松的其他原因。不一定是牛奶导致的
3.其他因素：这个研究的具体过程以及对象的情况。

【提纲】
1survey。
2骨折的原因未指明。有可能不是骨质疏松。其他原因导致：这部分人参加危险工作，而其他人工作环境很安全。
3如果乳制品真的提高骨质疏松症，其他症状应该表现，而不只是骨折。