AW

　　首先先说下这次考到的题目如下：

　　1. ISSUE

　　38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.

　　我们主要通过社会群体的认同来定位自己。

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

　　点评：这道考题本身偏冷门，难度也不低，下面是集团韦晓亮老师所著作文大讲堂的解析：

　　【本题涉及的论证概念以及论据素材】

　　[1]. 个人价值观受外在环境的影响 Personal values evolve from circumstances with the external world and can change over time. Integrity in the application of values refers to its continuity; persons have integrity if they apply their values appropriately regardless of arguments or negative reinforcement from others. Values are applied appropriately when they are applied in the right area. For example, it would be appropriate to apply religious values in times of happiness as well as in times of despair.

　　[2]. 群体心理学的概念 Crowd psychology is a branch of social psychology. Ordinary people can typically gain direct power by acting collectively. Historically, because large groups of people have been able to affect dramatic and sudden social change in a manner that bypasses established due process, they have also provoked controversy. Social scientists have developed several different theories for explaining crowd psychology, and the ways in which the psychology of the crowd differs significantly from the psychology of those individuals within it. Carl Jung coined the notion of the Collective Unconsciousness.

　　[3]. 社会认同理论 Social identity theory In intergroup contexts the social identity corresponding to membership of the relevant group or social category structured perception, being, and behavior. Tajfel defined social identity as "that part of an individual's self-concept which derives from his membership of a social group (or groups), together with the value and emotional significance attached to this." Social identity theory states that our identities are formed through the groups to which we belong. As a result we are motivated to improve the image and status of our own group in comparison with others.

　　2. ARGUMENT

　　36/163/166

　　36. The following memo appeared in the newsletter of the West Meria Public Health Council.

　　"An innovative treatment has come to our attention that promises to significantly reduce absenteeism in our schools and workplaces. A study reports that in nearby East Meria, where fish consumption is very high, people visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds. This shows that eating a substantial amount of fish can clearly prevent colds. Furthermore, since colds are the reason most frequently given for absences from school and work, attendance levels will improve. Therefore, we recommend the daily use of a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil as a good way to prevent colds and lower absenteeism."

　　我们注意到一种新的可以保证显著减少学校和工作岗位缺席的疗法。一项研究显示在附近的EM，鱼的消费量很高，那的百姓每年因为感冒去看医生的次数每年只有一两次。这表明吃大量的鱼很明显可以预防感冒。另外，由于感冒是缺课和缺席的最常见原因，所以出席率也将会提升。因此，我们建议每天服用从鱼油提炼出的营养物以来有效的预防感冒和减少缺席。

　　Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

　　点评：吃鱼治感冒是Argument的经典题目，这点无需多说。解析如下：

　　1. 作者没有提供充足的证据证明吃鱼能够防治感冒，可能East Meria的人本身体质好，或者有锻炼的好习惯

　　2. 作者也没有提供充足的证据证明感冒导致了大多数的缺席：有的人可能是装病；或者误以为感冒。

　　3. 其他因素：即便是吃鱼能够防治感冒，也没有证据证明吃从鱼油中提炼出来的Ichthaid也能够防治感冒；此外，Ichthaid是否有严重的副作用并没有说明。

　　53. "The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat."

　　Forsythe的居选择了更健康的生活方式。他们对于最近一项调查的回答显示，他们的饮食习惯比十年前更加贴近政府的营养建议。而且，含有kiran的食品销量增长了四倍，在一次科学研究中发现kiran是一种能够降低胆固醇水平的物质。这种趋势同样也被sulia的销量下降所证实，sulia是那些最健康的居极少经常食用的。

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.食品

　　点评：中频题，难度不大。解析从略。

　　60/145/146/150/154/155

　　60. The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice to a client.

　　"Homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last year that region experienced twenty days with below-average temperatures, and local weather forecasters throughout the region predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes have been built in this region during the past year. Because of these developments, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

　　翻译：在冬季非常寒冷的美国东北部的房屋，一直都使用传统的油料作为采暖的主要燃料。去年该地区经历了90天低于往年平均气温的严寒，并且气象预测家们预测这种天气会持续未来数年。而且，去年本地建造了很多的房屋。按此趋势，我们预测对于油料的需求将会增加. 所以我们建议对CI公司投资，该公司的主要业务之一就是家用采暖油料的零售。

　　点评：这是Argu中最高频的题目，没准备过绝对要打屁股！

　　1. 90多天的冬季看似很久，可以以前的天气情况没有提，要是一般的冬季都比这个时间长的话，那么这个冬天就是暖冬了，自然油料的使用量可能就不会提高，相反还会下降，而且泛泛的指出是在零下，没有说零下多少度，要是很冷的温度只持续了一小段时间，而大多数的时间都是比零度低一点点的话，那么温度总体上还是提高的，油料也是没有用处的。

　　2. 很多的住宅新建起来，不见得很多人都会立刻搬进去居住，可能是房子的质量不好，也可能是人们的工资负担不起那里昂贵的房价，又或者交通不便利，环境不好等因素。

　　3. 这个公司是零售的，而那里的人们，小区什么的都是承包给大的集团公司，他们这样的小公司可能没有市场。

　　3. 作文总结

　　本次的作文组合较之前的考试有所不同，这次的issue就38题，但是argu有三种情况，即36，53，60。总体来说，issue偏难，argu都是高频题或者容易题。