(单词翻译:单击)
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使用我们的《核心2000词》电子书来扩展词汇量。它是免费的，包含日常使用的必备表达方式。
Start building your vocabulary today. Click the link in the description below to download your free English ebook before it's gone.
今天就开始积累词汇量。点击下面说明中的链接下载免费英语电子书，以免它过期。
Hi, everybody, welcome back to top words. My name is Alisha and today we're going to talk about 10 mistakes that native English speakers make. So let's get started.
大家好，欢迎回到热门词汇。我是Alisha，今天我们要讨论以英语为母语的人常犯的10个错误。
Less, fewer. Okay, so the first mistake that native speakers make is they confuse less and fewer. Less and fewer are very similarly used. However, there's a key grammar difference between them.
英语母语者犯的第一个错误是混淆了less 和 few。less和few的用法非常相似。但是，它们之间存在一个关键的语法差异。
We use the word less to refer to uncountable nouns, a quantity of uncountable nouns. We use fewer for countable nouns.
我们用less来指不可数名词，即一定数量的不可数名词。我们用few来指可数名词。
So for example, to use fewer I could say, I made fewer mistakes on this test than I did on the last one. And to use less I could say, I made less money last year than I did this year.
例如，要使用fewer，我可以说，我在这次测试中犯的错误比上次少。要使用less，我可以说，我去年赚的钱比今年少。
So when you want to use, when you want to make a comparison with a countable noun, when you want to talk about a smaller quantity of something or smaller amount of something with a countable noun, you should use fewer.
因此，当你想使用可数名词时，当你想与可数名词进行比较时，当你想用可数名词谈论较小数量的东西时，你应该使用fewer。
If you're talking about an uncountable noun, you should use less. So please be careful, less and fewer, less uncountable, fewer countable.
如果你谈论的是不可数名词，你应该使用less。less不可数，fewer可数。
Your, you're. The next pair is actually a spelling related mistake. It's your and you're so y-o-u-r and y-o-u-apostrophe-r-e.
下一对实际上是拼写相关的错误：your和you're。
Your is the possessive, like something that belongs to you is yours, your item. Y-o-u-apostrophe-r-e is the contracted form of you are. You are great. You are funny.
Your是所有格，属于你的东西是 yours，your item。you're是you are的缩写形式。例如：You are great. You are funny.
You are tired, for example. Native speakers often mix spelling mistakes because these two words sound the same but actually they are grammatically different.
You are tired.母语人士经常混淆拼写错误，因为这两个词听起来相同，但实际上它们在语法上是不同的。
So another example sentence: Your performance was really great! My parents think you're great! My parents think you're great! So here we have the apostrophe-r-e, you're. So please be careful. Native speakers often make this spelling mistake.
另一个例句：Your performance was really great! My parents think you're great!第二句有撇号 。母语人士经常犯这个拼写错误。
There, their, they're. Okay, so the next mistake that many native speakers make is again a spell related mistake. It's with the three types of there, their, they're. As in over there a location, there is.
许多母语人士犯的下一个错误又是与拼写相关的错误：there、their、they're。例如，over there，there is。
Their, t-h-e-i-r, the possessive form something belonging to them. And t-h-e-y-apostrophe-r-e, the contracted form of they are.
their是所有格形式，表示属于他们的东西。还有they're，they are的缩写形式。
Native speakers often make spelling mistakes with these three words because they sound the same.
母语人士经常会拼写错误这三个词，因为它们发音相同。
There, their, they're, they all sound the same but in terms of grammar they have different functions.
there、their、they're发音相同，但在语法方面，它们有不同的功能。
So in an interesting sentence, you could say they're in their car over there or they're over there in their car. So we can use all of these words in the same sentence.
一个有趣的句子：They're in their car over there或they're over there in their car。所以我们可以在同一个句子中使用所有这些词。
But in order to correctly express the meaning we need to make sure the spelling is correct too.
但为了正确表达意思，我们还需要确保拼写正确。
It's, its. The next one, the next mistake that many native speakers make is a punctuation mistake usually. The difference here is between it's with an apostrophe and its without an apostrophe.
许多母语人士通常会犯的下一个错误是标点符号错误。这里的区别在于it's带撇号和its不带撇号。
So the word it's with an apostrophe can be the contracted form of it is or it has, depending on the sentence.
带撇号的it's可以是it is或it has的缩写形式，取决于具体的句子。
Its with no apostrophe just means the possessive form of something, so something which belongs to it, some it outside this discussion.
不带撇号的its仅表示某物的所有格形式，属于it的某物。
So native speakers often forget which one gets an apostrophe. Does the possessive get an apostrophe or not? So no. The possessive form does not take an apostrophe here.
母语人士经常会忘记哪个带撇号。所有格带撇号吗？所有格形式不带撇号。
The only apostrophes are for the contracted form of it is and it has. So please don't make this mistake that native speakers make.
唯一的撇号是it is和it has的缩写形式。因此，请不要犯母语人士会犯的这个错误。
In a sentence, I saw Star Wars. It's a really cool movie. Its effects are awesome.
一个例句：I saw Star Wars. It's a really cool movie. Its effects are awesome.
Nuclear versus nucular. Okay, the next mistake is a pronunciation mistake. Many native speakers make this mistake. Many high ranking officials, presidents make this mistake.
nuclear与nucular。下一个错误是发音错误。许多母语人士都会犯这个错误。许多高级官员、总统都会犯这个错误。
Politicians make this mistake. The word nuclear, nuclear is spelled n u c l e a r, nuclear. However, many people pronounce this as nucular for some reason.
政客会犯这个错误。nuclear这个词的拼写是 n u c l e a r。但是，出于某些原因，许多人会将其发音为nucular。
I don't know why this is but many people say nucular instead of nuclear. If you pay attention to the news, you'll probably hear this after a short discussion of this topic.
我不知道为什么会这样，但是许多人会说nucular而不是nuclear。如果你关注新闻，在简短讨论这个话题后，你可能会听到这种说法。
Somebody will say the word nucular. I don't know why this is but but nuclear, nuclear is the correct pronunciation of this word. Don't pronounce nuclear as nucular.
有人会说nucular这个词。我不知道为什么会这样，但是 nuclear是这个词的正确发音。不要将nuclear发音为nucular。
Could have versus could of. Okay, the next mistake that native speakers make is again a spelling, usually a written problem. It's could have and could of, could have and could of.
母语人士犯的下一个错误又是拼写问题，通常是书写问题：could have和could of。
So actually could of is the mistake here. We don't use the could of. Could of is not a grammar point here.
实际上could of是错误写法。我们不使用could of。could of不是语法点。
Rather, when native speakers use the contracted form of could have, it sounds like could of.
当母语人士使用could have的缩写形式时，听起来像could of。
So for example, I could have come to the party if I finished my homework or I could have met you last weekend or I could have could have blah blah blah. It's could have, could have.
例如，I could have come to the party if I finished my homework or I could have met you last weekend.正确用法是could have。
But when speaking in speech, it sounds like of, I could have, I could have, because the contracted form sounds like v like of. It makes a v sound an of sound.
但在口语中，它听起来像of，因为缩写形式听起来像of。
So sometimes native speakers write could of. However, this is incorrect. We should write could have.
所以有时母语人士会写could of。然而，这是不正确的。我们应该写could have。
If you want to use the, like expanded the regular form instead of the contracted form, so could have should be used instead of could of. Could of is a mistake. Please use could have instead.
如果你想使用完整形式而不是缩写形式，那么应该使用could have而不是could of。Could of是一个错误。请使用could have。
Okay, so one more example sentence, I could have explained better.
再举一个例句：I could have explained better.
Effect versus affect. So the next mistake that many native speakers make is with the words effect with an e and affect with an a.
许多母语人士犯的下一个错误是混淆effect和affect。
While there are some maybe less common differences between how these words are used, especially the word effect with an e, in most situations we can consider the difference of these two words to be in grammatical function.
虽然这些词的用法可能存在一些不太常见的差异，尤其是effect一词，但在大多数情况下，我们可以将这两个词的差异视为语法功能。
The word effect with an e is typically used as a noun as in a side effect or the effect of something.
effect通常用作名词，如副作用或某物的效果。
When we use affect with an a, it's typically used as a verb in a sentence, like this change is going to affect my life or I don't want to affect your family, for example.
affect通常在句子中用作动词，例如这种变化会影响我的生活或我不想影响你的家人。
When we use it as a verb, we should use a, the a spelling. When we use a noun, we should use the e spelling. Yes, there are some situations where effect with an e is used as a verb.
当我们将它用作动词时，我们应该使用a，。当我们使用名词时，我们应该使用e。有些情况下，effect也可以用作动词。
It's in... let's see... for example in situations where we want to explain a change occurring or something which causes a change, we say to effect change, meaning causing something or in order to do something.
比如，当我们想要解释正在发生的变化或导致变化的事物时，我们会说effect change，意思是导致某事或为了做某事。
But again that use is not as common as what I talked about before, the noun and the verb differentiation of these two. So if you like, you can look more into that.
但这种用法并不像我之前所说的那么常见，即名词和动词的区分。如果你愿意，你可以更深入地研究一下。
But in general, consider e as your noun form of effect and a as your verb form of affect. Example sentences. The drug had a strong effect. The drug affected my body.
但一般来说，effect是名词，affect是动词。例如：这种药物有很强的效果。这种药物影响了我的身体。
There's a lot of. So okay so the next mistake that people make is they begin a sentence with there's, there is, the contracted form of there is.
人们犯的下一个错误是他们用there's、there is的缩写形式开始一个句子。
They say there's a lot of and then they complete the statement with the plural form of a noun, like there's a lot of people in here or there's a lot of blah blah blah like cookies in the kitchen.
他们说there's a lot of，然后用名词的复数形式完成陈述，比如there's a lot of people in here 或there's a lot of cookies in the kitchen。
The problem here is that we're beginning the sentence with there's, there is, the singular form there is. So that means that the noun that follows that phrase also needs to be in the singular.
这里的问题是，我们以there's、there is的单数形式开头。这意味着跟在该短语后面的名词也需要是单数。
There's a... there is a something. We can't use the plural form here. So many native speakers maybe, they don't think about the next part of the sentence and they begin their sentence with there's something something something.
我们不能在这里使用复数形式。许多母语人士可能没有考虑句子的下一部分，而是以 there's开头。
This is a very common mistake. Actually if you're using the plural form of a noun, you need to use there are instead. There are a lot of people in the room.
这是一个非常常见的错误。实际上，如果使用名词的复数形式，则需要改用there are。There are a lot of people in the room.
There are a lot of cookies in the kitchen, for example. So think about plural noun and the plural form of is or are in the singular as well. So this is a very common one. Be careful of that.
There are a lot of cookies in the kitchen.这是一个非常常见的问题。要小心。
Vague use of pronouns. The next one is a huge problem in writing. So people are sometimes very vague (vague means unclear) about using like pronouns (him or her or he or she) especially in cases where there might be many people involved in a situation.
代词使用模糊。下一个问题是写作中的一个大问题。人们有时在使用代词（him or her or he or she）时非常含糊，尤其是在涉及许多人的情况下。
So if for example, I say he gave the book to her after he finished reading. How many people are involved in this situation? I said he gave the book to her after he finished reading it.
例如，he gave the book to her after he finished reading.有多少人参与了这个场景？
There are two hes in that sentence. Are they the same person? We don't know. So it can be very important to identify all the actors in a sentence or in a paragraph to prevent confusion.
这句话中有两个他。他们是同一个人吗？我们不知道。因此，识别句子或段落中的所有参与者非常重要，以避免混淆。
So if it is a situation like that where I say something like, he gave the book to her after he finished it, but there are two different men involved in that sentence.
如果说he gave the book to her after he finished it，但这句话中涉及两个不同的人。
I might say like Mike gave her the book after Gary finished it, for example. Or if it's Mike the whole way through, I could say Mike gave Mary the book once he had finished reading it, for example.
我可能会说Mike gave her the book after Gary finished it.如果从头到尾都是Mike，我可以说Mike gave Mary the book once he had finished reading it.
We could change the sentence slightly if we really want to make it clear. But just make all of your pronouns should be very very clear to your reader. i
如果我们真的想说清楚，可以稍微修改一下句子。但要确保所有代词对读者来说都非常清楚。
If you use he and she, it's not clear who you're talking about. You can really confuse the person listening or the person reading. So please be careful of this.
如果你使用他和她，那么你谈论的是谁就不清楚。你真的会让听的人和读的人感到困惑。所以请小心这一点。
Faulty parallelism. The next one is faulty parallelism. Or in other words, it's a grammatical function where all the items in a list, usually in a list or in bullet points as well, all the items in those lists, in those categories should have the same grammatical type of expression.
下一个是错误的平行结构。或者换句话说，它是一种语法功能，列表中的所有项目都应该具有相同的语法表达类型。
So by that I mean, if you're using a noun phrase for everything, all the items should be a noun, you should use a noun phrase for everything.
如果所有内容都使用名词短语，那么所有项目都应该是名词，你应该对所有内容使用名词短语。
If you're using verbs or if you're using a complete sentence or depending on your situation, the grammar of each one of those items in the list should be the same.
如果你使用动词，或者如果你使用完整的句子，列表中每个项目的语法都应该相同。
So sometimes people will say, for example, I like cooking and reading and watch a movie.
有时人们会说，例如，I like cooking and reading and watch a movie.
The problem here is I've used cooking, reading, so these are two like I'm using the gerund form, so they're essentially like nouns. So cooking and reading and watch a movie.
这里的问题是我用了cooking和reading，这两个词是动名词形式，本质上就像名词。
So watch a movie sounds similar like these are three hobbies. I like to watch a movie, for example. It sounds kind of similar.
watch a movie听起来很像第三种爱好。例如，I like to watch a movie.听起来有点相似。
We don't have a problem in communication really, but grammatically watch a movie is different from cooking or reading. So to fix this, we say I like cooking, reading and watching movies.
这在交流上没有问题，但从语法上讲，watch a movie不同于cooking或reading。因此，为了解决这个问题，可以说I like cooking, reading and watching movies.
So just make sure that everything that you're introducing in your list matches grammatically and this won't be a problem for you. So yeah, if you're using all nouns, make sure you use all nouns.
只要确保列表中介绍的所有内容在语法上都匹配，这样就不会有问题。
So just be aware of that. That's something that many native speakers run into as a problem sometimes. So those are 10 mistakes that native speakers make.
请注意这点。这是许多母语人士有时会遇到的问题。以上就是母语人士犯的10个错误。
Have you ever noticed a native speaker making a mistake? It happens, it really does happen from time to time. Let us know in the comments.
你有没有注意到母语人士犯了错误？这种情况确实时有发生。请在评论中告诉我们。
Or if there's another mistake that you feel that you make a lot, let us know, too. And maybe we can talk more about that in the future.
或者，如果您觉得自己经常犯另一个错误，也请告诉我们。也许我们将来可以更多地谈论它。
Thanks very much for watching this episode of top words. If you liked this video, please make sure to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to the channel, too.
非常感谢观看本期热门词汇。如果你喜欢这个视频，请务必点赞并订阅频道。
And also check us out at englishclass101.com, where you can find more resources, more grammar audio worksheets, all kinds of good stuff as well. I will see you in the next episode. Thanks very much for watching. Bye-bye.
也可以访问englishclass101.com，在那里可以找到更多资源、更多语法音频练习以及各种优质学习材料。下期再见。非常感谢你的收看。再见。
