(单词翻译:单击)
Hello. I'm John Russell.
大家好，我是约翰·罗素。
In English, grammar is not the only way we show meaning.
在英语中，语法并不是我们表达意思的唯一方式。
We also show meaning by using our voice in special ways.
我们也通过特殊的方式使用声音来表达意义。
You can take a statement and make it mean many different things even if all of the words are the same.
你可以使一种陈述意味着许多不同的事情，即使所有的单词都是相同的。
One way we do this is with contrastive stress saying one word more forcefully in order to draw attention to it.
我们这样做的一种方法是用对比重音更用力地说一个词，以吸引注意。
Listen to these three statements: She likes coffee. She likes coffee. She likes coffee.
听这三个陈述：“她”喜欢咖啡。她“喜欢”咖啡。她喜欢“咖啡”。
These statements have the same words but different meanings.
这些语句用词相同，但含义不同。
Our first example: "She likes coffee" suggests that someone else does not like coffee.
第一个例子：“她”喜欢咖啡。表明与其他人不喜欢咖啡。
Our second example: "She likes coffee" suggests that someone else thought she does not like coffee.
第二个例子：她“喜欢”咖啡，表明有人认为她不喜欢咖啡。
Our third example: "She likes coffee" suggests a misunderstanding about what she likes to drink.
第三个例子：她喜欢“咖啡”，表明有人对她喜欢喝什么有误解。
Contrastive stress is much like a painting that has been reproduced to have different colors.
对比强调很像一幅被复制成不同颜色的画。
The shapes or major outlines are the same, but the colors are different.
形状或主要轮廓是相同的，但颜色不同。
Perhaps brighter colors draw the viewer's attention more to certain parts of a painting.
也许明亮的颜色更能将观众的注意力吸引到画作的某些部分。
In the same way, contrastive stress draws the listeners attention to a word.
同样地，对比重音将听众的注意力吸引到一个单词上。
The contrast helps show or clarify meaning.
对比有助于表达或澄清意思。
Let's end this video with a quiz.
让我们用一个小测验来结束这个视频。
I will say sentence.
我说一句话。
Listen for which words I stress, pause the video and try to guess the meaning.
听一听我重读的单词，暂停视频，试着猜测含义。
He likes video games. He likes video games.
他喜欢电子游戏。
I stressed "video games."
我强调的是“电子游戏”。
This suggests a misunderstanding about what he likes perhaps the listener thought he liked board games.
这表明听众误解了他喜欢什么，也许别人认为他喜欢桌游。
That's all for today. Keep up the good work.
以上就是今天的全部内容，继续加油吧。
