(单词翻译:单击)
Alexander Hamilton returned to New York city and finished his legal training in july 1782.
1782年7月，亚历山大·汉密尔顿回到纽约，完成了他的法律培训。
He plunged into legal work with the same energy.
他以同样的精力投入法律工作。
He put into everything else, quickly becoming one of Nnew York's most prominent attorneys.
他把一切都投入进去，很快成为纽约最杰出的律师之一 。
He also raised a large family with his wife Eliza, eventually the couple would have eight children between 1782 and 1802.
他还和妻子伊莉莎一起抚养了一个大家庭 , 最终，这对夫妇在1782年到1802年间有了8个孩子。
But Hamilton had turned his eye toward a new passion by then politics.
但那时汉密尔顿已经把目光转向了一种新的激情——政治。
In the 1780s, the new nation won by blood shed, by men like Hamilton was in crisis.
在18世纪80年代，新国家的胜利是由像汉密尔顿这样的人所造成的，当时处于危机之中。
The United States was governed by a document known as the Articles of Confederation.
美国由一份名为《十三州邦联宪法》的文件管理。
Under the Articles, the federal government was incredibly weak only being able to act with the consent of all 13 states.
根据这些条款，联邦政府的权力非常薄弱，只能在所有13个州同意的情况下采取行动。
And since the states never seemed to agree on anything nothing was getting done,
由于各州似乎从来没有在任何事情上达成一致，
there was no way to mitigate disputes between states who at times acted like independent countries onto themselves.
这些国家有时表现得像独立的国家一样，没有办法缓和它们之间的争端。
And if things continued the way, they were then..
如果事情继续发展下去，他们就会..
It was just a matter of time before the country tore itself apart.
这个国家分裂只是时间问题。
Hamilton served in the Congress of the Confederation and knew exactly how poor it was.
汉密尔顿在联邦议会任职，他清楚地知道联邦有多贫穷。
He joined a growing chorus of politicians who called for the article to be replaced.
他加入了越来越多要求替换这篇文章的政客的行列。
In May 1787, Hamilton was chosen as one of three representatives from New York, to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia,
1787年5月，汉密尔顿被选为来自纽约的三名代表之一，参加费城制宪会议，
Hamilton's influence at the convention was limited by the two other New York delegates who belonged to a faction controlled by New York Governor,
汉密尔顿在大会上的影响力受到另外两名纽约代表的限制，这两名代表属于纽约州州长控制的一个派系,
George Clinton that was opposed to any reform that would take power away from his state.
州长乔治·克林顿反对任何会剥夺他所在州权力的改革。
Despite this, the other delegates headed by convention, president George Washington hammered out a brand new United States Constitution .
尽管如此，以大会为代表的其他代表，乔治·华盛顿总统还是敲定了一部全新的美国宪法。
Over the course of four months that created a new federal government, made up of an elected president and a congress who would make laws that covered all the states.
在四个月的时间里，建立了一个新的联邦政府，由民选总统和制定涵盖所有州的法律的国会组成。
But the new constitution would only go into effect, if nine of the 13 states ratified it.
但是，新宪法只有在13个州中的9个州批准后才能生效。
In state conventions, something that wasn't guaranteed.
在州公约中，有些东西是不能保证的。
Hamilton wanted to help convince the American people that the new constitution was not only necessary but it benefited them.
汉密尔顿想帮助说服美国人民，新宪法不仅是必要的，而且使他们受益。
Then they would put pressure on their legislators to ratify it.
然后，他们会向他们的议员施加压力，要求他们批准该法案。
Hamilton enlisted the help of two other passionate supporters of the constitution, fellow New Yorker John Jay and Virginian James Madison, and they would write a series of articles explaining it to the public.
汉密尔顿还得到了另外两位热心支持宪法的人的帮助，他们是同为纽约人的约翰·杰伊和弗吉尼亚州人詹姆斯·麦迪逊，他们会写一系列的文章向公众解释。
Written under the pseudonym Publius, the series of 85 articles was published in major newspapers.
这些文章以笔名普布利乌斯撰写，共85篇文章在各大报纸上发表。
Between October 1787 and April 1788, the federalist papers as they are known today explained in painstaking detail all of the flaws of the articles of confederation,
在1787年10月到1788年4月之间，联邦党人的论文，也就是我们今天所知道的，煞费苦心地详细解释了《邦联条例》的所有缺陷 ,
as well as an in-depth explanation of each article of the new constitution including how it benefited the average American citizen.
以及对新宪法的每条条款的深入解释，包括它如何使普通美国公民受益。
The federalist papers were an immediate sensation being widely read across the country, and eventually published in a two-volume book in 1788.
联邦党人的论文立即引起轰动，在全国范围内广泛阅读，并最终在1788年出版了两卷本。
The barrage of well-written and explained arguments in favor of the constitution overwhelmed any opposition.
大量文笔优美、解释充分的支持宪法的论点压倒了任何反对意见。
The people began to clamor for their state legislatures to adopt the new document.
人民开始大声疾呼要求州立法机关采纳新文件 。
On June 21,1788 , new Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the constitution officially putting it into effect.
1788年6月21日，新罕布什尔州成为第九个正式批准宪法并使其生效的州。
One month later, Hamilton's home state of New York finally ratified it, rather than risk being left out of the union of the other states.
一个月后，汉密尔顿的家乡纽约州最终批准了该法案，而不是冒着被其他州排除在联邦之外的风险。
Though the identity of publius was officially, a secret most everyone knew that Alexander Hamilton was one of the principal authors of the federalist papers.
虽然普布利乌斯的身份是官方的，但大多数人都知道亚历山大·汉密尔顿是联邦党人文件的主要作者之一 。
And he would be closely associated with the strong central government laid out in the constitution for the rest of his life.
在他的余生中，他将与宪法中规定的强大的中央政府密切相关。
