人类历史上最著名的海盗亨利·摩根(1)
日期:2021-11-04 14:20

(单词翻译:单击)

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Henry Morgan's daring borderline reckless raids became the stuff of legend.

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亨利·摩根大胆勇猛的突袭成为了传奇zz5|H[JdmXv5UnA

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And he successfully plundered more than his fair share of booty in the West Indies and best of all he got away with it.

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他成功地在西印度群岛掠夺了比他应得的份额更多的战利品,最重要的是,他侥幸逃脱了O_(+VZIO3q]F&J;m,2iG

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Henry Morgan did not die in battle and did not end upon the end of a noose.

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亨利·摩根不是死在战场上也不是死在绞索上@TeF5jgrUc=M2)o~x_#

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Few other captains from his time had that privilege and none of them did it quite like Morgan

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和他同时代的船长很少有这样的特权,也没有人能像摩根那样做 ZV1GV8C548{3(PM5LLEKW%O.png

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who after his plundering days were done became a nobleman and a politician reveling in the admiration and respect of his peers.

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在他劫掠的日子结束后,他成了一个贵族和政治家,陶醉于对他的同辈崇拜和尊敬中%oKtl&rn6(f(HutMNJ

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So was he a pirate or was he a privateer, the answer really depends on who you ask.

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他到底是海盗还是皇家海盗,答案取决于你问谁nV)[XYeDc8m[]LBk*oMa

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But there is no denying that Henry Morgan has earned his spot as one of the most notorious men to sail the seven seas.

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但不可否认的是,亨利·摩根已经成为七大洋航行史上最臭名昭著的人之一Aqh,VLKobDM*t

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Henry Morgan's early life is very obscure, although most sources indicate that he was born circa 1635 in the Welsh town of Lianrumney, which today is a sub of cardiff.

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亨利·摩根的早期生活鲜为人知,尽管大多数资料表明他大约在1635年出生在威尔士的Lianrumney镇,现在是加的夫的一个分支K9R5kZrbQ_M]Z[E

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We know little else about his upbringing, although a contemporary of the pirate named Alexandre Exquemelin,

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我们对他的成长历程知之甚少,尽管与他同时代的海盗亚历山大·奎特梅林,

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claimed that Morgan came from a wealthy farming family, but that he had no interest in that life, which is why he became a sailor.

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声称摩根来自一个富裕的农民家庭,但他对那种生活没有兴趣,这就是为什么他成为了一名水手j-hB+_4Dge;#3qmMz-R

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Exquemelin will serve as one of our main sources for the life of Henry Morgan.

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奎特梅林将成为我们了解亨利·摩根生活的主要来源之一T,^p[xhQnVGHQX.JP

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He's quite distinctive in that regard not only was he a contemporary of the Welsh pirates,

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他在这方面很有特色因为他不仅是威尔士海盗的同时代人,

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but he actually served on Morgan's ship and was an eyewitness to many of his exploits.

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而且他在摩根的船上服役时亲眼目睹了他的许多壮举 3&h1Pjq_&~

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You'd think that that would make him one of the most credible sources we've ever had on biographics,

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你可能会认为这将使他成为我们拥有的最可靠的传记来源之一,

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but he was actually sued for libel by Henry Morgan

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但他却被亨利·摩根以诽谤罪起诉

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who claimed that he made up or exaggerated certain stories in his book History of the Buccaneers of America,

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他声称自己在《美国海盗史》一书中编造或夸大了某些故事,

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in order to make Morgan appear more murderous and cruel.

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为了让摩根显得更加凶残残忍DzFBl^sS3,|XEDuhC+*

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Well, if we're being technical, Morgan actually sued the publisher of the English translation of the book, but the point is that he won.

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如果更严谨点,摩根实际上起诉了这本书的英译本出版商,但关键是他赢了=TW=p|mh#35mCJY

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However, the matter was settled out of court.

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然而,这件事在庭外解决了v8wx6sbJ&F!pzP%voH

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So whether or not Exquemelin's statements were true was never established with certainty,

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因此,无论奎特梅林的陈述是否真实,我们都无法确定,

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we're going to assume that most of what Exquemelin said about Henry Morgan was true,

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我们会假设大部分关于亨利·摩根的话都是真的

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even if he did embellish certain parts.

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即使他确实美化了某些部分OEN&nQ[K0zo*^

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In this case, Morgan left his old life behind sometime during the mid-1650s,

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在这种情况下,摩根在17世纪50年代中期抛弃了他的旧生活,

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and traveled to an English port city from, where he boarded a ship to Barbados in the West Indies.

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然后去了英国的一个港口城市,在那里他登上了一艘去西印度群岛巴巴多斯的船kiBMu2z[#YpyJU

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When he arrived there he was sold as an indentured servant for a period of three years, this is just one version of events.

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当他到达那里时,他被卖做了三年的契约仆人,这只是事件的一个版本72rKPd(m5ywEXkp0E

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Another claimed that Morgan simply joined a British navy ship to fight in the Anglo-Spanish war.

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另一种说法是,摩根只是加入了一艘英国海军军舰,参加了英西战争L8_MG@vk9###H[^

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Either way, he made his way to the West Indies where the better known chapter of his life began.

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不管怎样,他来到了西印度群岛,在那里,他生命中更著名的篇章开始了BA4pX8Y0LCu[M(yd|rZ

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In 1655 , the English tried to take the island of Hispaniola from the Spanish.

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1655年,英国人试图从西班牙人手中夺取伊斯帕尼奥拉岛aaXi-H2Cx*r)nue

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They failed, but they did manage to take Jamaica with an assist from the buccaneers.

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他们失败了,但在海盗的帮助下,他们成功占领了牙买加B+b3vF+;us

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We should mention at this point that, although nowadays we use terms like pirate, privateer and buccaneer.

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在这一点上我们应该提到,尽管现在我们使用像pirate, privateer和buccaneer这样的词qT[@#2G3|45

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Interchangeably back then, they did mean slightly different things.

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在当时,这几个词可以互换,它们的意思确实略有不同A]Zpf0EgLyrO#&

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And it's worth knowing the difference, since Henry Morgan served as all three at various times.

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我们有必要了解其中的区别,因为亨利·摩根在不同时期同时担任过这三种角色!g)_HJ#ps%^u!(z

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We're all familiar with pirates they had no loyalty to any government or king.

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我们都很熟悉海盗他们对任何政府或国王都不忠诚pq=PF60VQI4l

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They operated outside of the law and attacked whoever struck their fancy.

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他们在法律之外行动,攻击任何符合他们心意的人[@08S3Oi&+KQZ

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Privateers, on the other hand, were basically state licensed pirates.

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另一方面,私掠船基本上是国家许可的海盗yOvN+VJJgOS_lh|GJ&oT

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They received something called a letter of mark from the admiralty or a governor,

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他们收到了海军部或总督寄来的一份标记信,

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and this allowed them to raid certain ships, which usually belonged to another nation that they were currently at war with.

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这使得他们可以袭击某些船只,这些船只通常属于他们正在交战的另一个国家;VHfHB~egWN%8gY#~n.u

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The privateer captain had to secure his ship and crew out of his own pocket,

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私掠船长不得不自掏腰包保护他的船和船员,

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and he had to send a share of the spoils to his government,

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他不得不把一部分战利品交给他的政府,

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but he was not breaking the law and he had no fear of legal reprisals.

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但他没有触犯法律,也不怕法律报复_Pd(bWVAvOy8bOPMv%#8

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In fact, some of history's most successful privateers, such as, Francis Drake,

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事实上,历史上一些最成功的皇家船长,比如弗朗西斯·德雷克,

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someone we've already covered here on biographics,

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我们已经在传记中提到过,

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You can check out the video, if you haven't seen it were regarded as heroes back home.

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你可以看看这个视频,如果你还没看过的话,在家乡被视为英雄OfOs,uQ,ZM]u~~

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Finally, we have buccaneers who were actually a very specific subgroup of sailors

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最后,我们还讲过海盗,他们实际上是水手中的一个非常特殊的小群体

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who appeared in the Caribbean sea during the early 17th century.

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他们于17世纪早期出现在加勒比海DB;(6v|h1L%vwOD

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They consisted of a lot of seamen who were forced to flee the pirate haven of Tortuga,

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他们包括许多被迫逃离托图加海盗避风港的海员,

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when the Spanish took control of it in 1635.

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西班牙人在1635年占领了这里iSyKR@hPH#G_Kmy4Xw

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Also included were social outcasts such as shipwreck survivors, mutineers and escaped slaves,

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还包括被社会抛弃的人,如沉船幸存者、叛变者和逃跑的奴隶,

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as well as native Americans who settled in parts of the West Indies that the Spanish didn't bother to colonize.

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以及在西印度群岛部分地区定居的印第安人,这些地方西班牙人不屑于殖民#@(1@A^e&zRQRq5i;&z

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When other European nations, such as England, France or the Netherlands sailed in the Caribbean,

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当其他欧洲国家,如英国、法国或荷兰在加勒比海航行时,

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they found most Spanish ports closed to them and that these people were the only ones willing to trade.

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他们发现大多数西班牙港口都对他们关闭了,而这些人是唯一愿意进行贸易的人uj0m%vV*08Z_)O+S

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The English started calling them buccaneers from the French word buccaneer itself derived from Bukhar,

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英国人开始称他们为" buccaneer ",这个词来源于法语" buccaneer "这个词来源于Bukhar,

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which is a wooden grill used to smoke meat and make a jerky that they often used for trade.

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这是一个木制烧烤架,用来熏肉和制作肉干,他们经常在贸易中使用Y&]eEH&^L5

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It wasn't until the late 17th century that the buccaneers became powerful enough

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直到17世纪晚期,海盗才变得足够强大yEv@YE5J[Zw.*c_W~^

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that they earned the ire of other nations during the 1650s and 1660s.

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他们在17世纪50年代和60年代引起了其他国家的愤怒^KhWYWjKH^Pqja

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However, England was more than happy to trade with buccaneers and allow them to use its port,

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然而,英国非常乐意与海盗进行贸易,并允许他们使用自己的港口,

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since they represented a cheap way of Waging War with Spain.

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因为它们代表着一种向西班牙开战的廉价方式2)g7y7&^7T;,wY%!J

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