牙龈疾病和老年痴呆症之间的关系
日期:2020-09-29 13:29

(单词翻译:单击)

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Regular brushing and flossing are vital to the health of your teeth and gums.

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定期刷牙、使用牙线对牙齿和牙龈的健康至关重要|o4W=]Th*uoYu6z%M15|

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We all know that—it's been drummed into our heads since we first picked up a toothbrush.

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我们都知道,自从第一次拿起牙刷,这件事就一直在我们的脑海里萦绕.3xp.WrP%mM9q

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But brushing your teeth might not just be good for your oral health It could help protect your brain, too.

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但刷牙可能不仅对口腔健康有好处,还能保护大脑5i;m7sK%WQkHj

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Because according to studies over the last few decades,

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因为根据过去几十年的研究,

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there seems to be a connection between brushing your teeth and, of all things, Alzheimer's disease.

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刷牙和老年痴呆症之间似乎存在关联MfNLh1]hWi&G

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This connection centers around an oral infection called periodontitis.

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这种联系围绕着一种叫做牙周炎的口腔感染zP&XU5V|a4H=~ef

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It's a condition that destroys soft tissue in the gums and eats away at the bone that supports the teeth.

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这种病症会破坏牙龈的软组织,并侵蚀支撑牙齿的骨骼xA[M4C%4t2~M(

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Left to its own devices, it will give bacteria a breeding ground, wreck someone's pearly whites, and leave them with bleeding gums.

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任其自行发展的话,会提供一个滋生细菌的土壤,破坏牙齿,造成牙龈出血8n_-2N,WJ0~85

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So, it's not a great time.

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这可不是件好事lj^SUWlXf6!J8Ib

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There are a whole lot of things that can increase someone's risk of developing this, including a lack of teeth-brushing and factors like smoking and metabolic diseases.

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有很多事会增加患这种病的风险,包括不刷牙,吸烟和代谢疾病等因素^jiYdkrc;]lY,qlkK8+k

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But thankfully, preventing it is often super straightforward.

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但谢天谢地,阻止患上这种疾病往往非常简单e,.k~IroUm0+F(8Zgk

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Just keep good oral hygiene habits, and see a dentist regularly.

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保持良好的口腔卫生习惯,还要定期看牙医9FB8&Xrw%kQOyPOSv

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Of course, that's often easier said than done.

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当然,说起来容易做起来难.T(m#!!S)H(

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So periodontitis is pretty common, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States citing

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因此牙周炎相当普遍,美国疾病控制和预防中心指出,

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that about 50% of people thirty or over have it to some degree.

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30岁以上人群中大约有50%的人在某种程度上患有牙周炎k|PW4Bzu*jP

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From just a dental hygiene perspective, that's not good news.

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从牙齿卫生的角度来看,这可不是什么好消息(50DXFRXfF.,n!Q

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But some researchers also believe there's another consequence of this condition that a bacterium associated with it, called P. gingivalis,

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但一些研究人员也认为,这种病症还有另一个后果,与之相关的一种叫做牙龈卟啉菌的细菌,

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seems to be capable of contributing to Alzheimer's symptoms.

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似乎会引发老年痴呆症的症状pFmKB]mFtW[

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If you know a bit about Alzheimer's, you might be thinking, "This could make some sense!"

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如果你对老年痴呆症有点了解,可能会想,“这可能有点道理!”

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Because a common explanation for the disease's symptoms is that they're at least partly caused by plaques in the brain made of the compound amyloid beta.

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因为对这种疾病症状的一个常见解释是,它们至少部分是由大脑中类淀粉β复合物组成的斑块所致|FV^K^onr=1G

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That plaque hypothesis is still out there—although it's repeatedly failed to stand up to scrutiny.

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尽管斑块假说屡屡经不起推敲,但这种说法仍然存在1FY@b[8RdS05=O

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But regardless, this idea doesn't call amyloid beta into question.

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但不管怎样,这种想法并未对类淀粉β提出质疑REPN1ryLcX(ES)

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Instead, the two hypotheses fit together quite nicely.

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相反,这两种假设非常吻合0)F*SRYZo]

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The idea is that, as periodontitis breaks down cells in the gums, P. gingivalis is able to break into the rest of the body.

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其理念是,当牙周炎破坏牙龈细胞时,牙龈卟啉菌能侵入身体的其他部位x|t3u1H.NIq30D

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From there, it can travel to more distant organs and establish bacterial colonies in places it's not meant to be.

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它就这样传播到更远的器官,并在不该去的地方建立细菌菌落;;y&,IWDwubaaA3I*.

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Including, as animal studies have confirmed, the brain.

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动物研究证实,这些地方也包括大脑[t_xtG=TI5do3bW)0kL

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There, P. gingivalis releases toxins called gingipains, and that's when things start to get really messy.

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牙龈卟啉菌在大脑释放出称为牙龈蛋白酶的毒素,此时情况开始变得糟糕R|Y!7e%P3#H_dzpG

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The thinking is that these toxins compromise the tissue structure around the bacterial colonies.

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这种想法认为,毒素会破坏细菌菌落周围的组织结构lgEpu@sFFhO~@hxZ=f&a

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That makes the brain's protective barrier leaky, damages cells, and impacts cells' ability to function correctly.

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这会使大脑的保护屏障泄漏,损害细胞,并影响细胞正常工作的能力Bc#.5;yuEu

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So, in response to that, compounds that are associated with the damage, like amyloid beta,

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因此,作为回应,与损伤相关的化合物,如类淀粉β,

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could form and act like a scab over these wounds.

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会在伤口上形成结痂V)|6SoKdFe-owr4r

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There's even evidence that suggests P. gingivalis could make it harder for the brain to get rid of this stuff.

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甚至有证据表明,牙龈卟啉菌会使大脑更难清除这些物质)BGrOqqToZ4@aUE

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One study from the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed that the presence of this bacteria in the brain

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2017年《阿尔茨海默病期刊》的一项研究表明,大脑中存在这种细菌时,

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could alter sleep cycles by messing with how certain brain cells respond to light and set our bodies' clocks.

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可能会扰乱某些脑细胞对光的反应,调整生物钟,从而改变睡眠周期QJS-0^zoZXU8~3OQEa;9

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And considering how the brain cleans itself of toxins as we sleep,

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考虑到睡觉时大脑如何清除自身的毒素,

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that kind of damage could have a direct effect on how the body could clean out both P. gingivalis and molecules like amyloid beta.

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这种损伤可能直接影响到身体如何清除牙龈卟啉菌和类淀粉β等分子o!Z4^IeF4ebM&6W

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That's a lot of consequences for one measly gum bacterium.

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对于一种微不足道的牙龈细菌来说,这种后果很严重F1xjVF.X0QikNqV_9

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Now, it is worth taking a second to say that Alzheimer's is a complicated disease with multiple factors.

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值得一提的是,老年痴呆症是一种涉及多种因素的复杂疾病=+10z4nLQaRs@ct

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So even if someone has dental trouble, that doesn't mean their fate is sealed.

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即使某人牙齿出现问题,也不意味着他们就会患上老年痴呆症v5Vv@%215Pq~

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But since there does seem to be a connection here, it's something people have been looking into.

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但既然确实相关,人们就一直在研究这个问题yhDsiN@m]t_21k#

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They've been studying this relationship and even trying to figure out if P. gingivalis could be used as a biomarker.

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人们研究这种关系,甚至试图弄清是否可以将牙龈卟啉菌用作生物标志物N.IRU-AF=AJ

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In other words, if you could test for it as a sign that someone might be at risk of developing Alzheimer's.

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换句话说,可以对其进行测试,表明某人可能患上老年痴呆症~p9fHLI~eq37U-8U

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And of course, they've also been trying to figure out how to tackle this bacterium head-on.

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当然,他们也一直在试图找出正面对付这种细菌的方法[*@[wALq[7m

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With some promising results, I might add.

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我要补充一下,存在一些有希望的结果P*8=|nDH&kWdm

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In a study, researchers infected mice with this bacterium, and, as expected, saw it colonize the mice's brains.

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在2019年的一项研究中,研究人员用这种细菌使老鼠感染*g[Iv!veR@Oi0Eov%-。正如预期的那样,他们看到细菌在老鼠的大脑中大批生长][ffuW2Oze[i

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They also saw an Alzheimer's-like increase in amyloid beta plaques.

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他们还发现类淀粉β斑块老年痴呆症样性增加89JD)=RGYl

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But, by injecting a small molecule that blocked P. gingivalis's ability to get energy,

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但是,通过注射一种阻止牙龈卟啉菌获取能量的小分子,

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the team was able to reduce both the number of bacteria and the associated inflammation.

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研究小组能减少细菌数量和相关炎症*Z4jK,CC(RRiuT&#*X

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This stopped the production of amyloid beta, and as the paper put it, "rescued" neurons in the hippocampus, a brain area vital for memory.

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这样可以停止产生类淀粉β,正如那篇论文所说,“拯救”了海马体的神经元,海马体是大脑中对记忆至关重要的区域)^ayo1u=H0

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Of course, this study was only in mice, but more information may be just around the corner, because that small molecule is now being tested in humans, too.

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当然,这项研究只是在老鼠身上进行,但可能很快就会有更多的信息,因为研究人员也正在人体上进行这种小分子的测试m|;qfIoR1doS

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Two Phase I clinical trials testing the safety of the drug were completed in 2018,

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两个测试药物安全性的第一阶段临床试验于2018年完成,我们在2020年拍摄这段视频时,

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and when we filmed this video in 2020, a Phase 2 trial to further examine safety and efficacy was underway.

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一个进一步检查安全性和有效性的第二阶段试验正在进行中TriCf|E5!PD7P(

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That's a good starting point.

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这是一个好的开始d;jz+h~0Z5

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But while we wait for results, maintaining good oral hygiene to avoid periodontitis seems to be a great way to reduce risk, too.

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但在我们等待结果的同时,保持良好的口腔卫生,避免患上牙周炎,似乎也是降低风险的一个好方法Zi7yOZZ*h=#W.LsCR,

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Alzheimer's is a slippery character.

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老年痴呆症很难治疗Tbo_Khaqr)v9O

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Historically-speaking, scientists have had a hard time finding causes and treatments for it,

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科学家们一直很难找到病因和治疗方法,

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and this P. gingivalis thing is just one hypothesis among many.

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牙龈卟啉菌只是众多假说中的一种e4i+#6bY((Xzgg8e

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Even so, these findings seem to provide a promising new target for Alzheimer's prevention,

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即便如此,这些发现似乎为预防老年痴呆症提供了充满希望的新目标,

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and hopefully, we'll see some fully-fledged treatments as a result.

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希望我们能看到一些成熟的治疗方法~p^T[3#huSMCngQ

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Because when it comes to a disease like this… well, having multiple treatment options isn't a bad thing.

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因为涉及这样的疾病时,有多种治疗选择并不是坏事yK0DV(sJL@~!)

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