(单词翻译:单击)
You've probably done this a thousand times, typed T-E-H instead of T-H-E.
这件事你可能已经做过上千次了，输入T-E-H而不是T-H-E。
Or maybe you're always adding an extra "i" to the word "application," even though you really do know how to spell it.
或者你总是在“application”这个词后面加上一个“i”，即使你真的知道怎么拼写。
No matter how many years you've been typing on a keyboard, the same mistakes keep happening.
不管你在键盘上打了多少年，同样的错误总是会发生。
And it's not because you're sloppy.
也不是因为你邋遢。
It's actually because when we type, our brain is doing most of the work without our conscious input.
这实际上是因为我们在打字时，大脑在没有意识输入的情况下完成了大部分工作。
At least on a computer keyboard, which is how all this research was done.
至少在电脑键盘上是这样的，所有此类研究都是这样进行的。
In a series of experiments published in 2014, researchers based in Tennessee tested typists' knowledge of where certain keys are on the keyboard.
在2014年发表的一系列实验中，田纳西州的研究人员测试了打字员对键盘上某些键位置的了解程度。
They asked skilled typists, ones who had some formal training and lots of experience, to recall the locations of certain keys on the QWERTY keyboard.
他们要求熟练的打字员，那些受过正规培训，经验丰富的打字员，回忆一下标准键盘上某些键的位置。
That's the style of keyboard layout that's probably in front of you right now, or pops up on your phone or whatever.
这可能就是你面前键盘的布局风格，或是突然出现在你的手机或其他什么东西上的键盘。
Just look at the first few letters.
看看前几个字母。
What the researchers found was that skilled typists didn't have a lot of familiarity with where the keys were, and couldn't even fill in all of the keys that were supposed to be there.
研究人员发现，熟练的打字员对键的位置不太熟悉，甚至无法补全应该在那里的所有键。
The researchers also tested the skilled typists on a Dvorak keyboard, one with a different layout than the familiar QWERTY they'd been trained on, essentially turning them into beginner typists.
研究人员还用Dvorak键盘对熟练的打字员进行了测试，这种键盘的布局与他们接受培训感到熟悉的标准键盘不同，基本上让他们变成了初级打字员。
And they found that it didn't matter whether they had been typing with a given layout for years or a couple of hours, their knowledge of key placement was equally bad.
他们发现，不管他们是数年来，还是数小时都在用一种给定的布局方式打字，他们对于按键位置的了解都是同样糟糕。
You're probably saying to yourself, that can't be right.
你可能在对自己说，这不可能是对的。
You type on a keyboard every day, so surely if you tested yourself right now you'd be able to give a detailed description of it, right?
你每天都在键盘上打字，所以如果你现在测试一下自己，肯定能给出详细的描述，对吧？
Okay, let's do it. Imagine a keyboard. No! Don't look down! Imagine it.
好吧，开始吧。想象一下键盘。不要往下看！想象一下。
Got it?
明白了吗？
Can you picture where the "A" key is? How about the "R" key?
你能想到“A”键在哪儿吗？“R”键又在哪呢？
If I were to ask you where it is, could you tell me the exact location of the "V" key?
如果我问你，你能告诉我“V”键的确切位置吗？
You're probably struggling a little bit.
你可能会感觉有点吃力。
The reason you might struggle to remember exactly where the "V" key is, or whether the President faces left or right on a quarter,
你可能很难准确记住V键的位置，或者总统在25分硬币上面孔所朝的方向，
for that matter, has to do with how your brain remembers things.
这与你的大脑记住事物的方式有关。
Our long-term memory works in two ways.
我们的长期记忆有两种工作方式。
It recalls things either explicitly or implicitly.
它可以显式地或内隐式地回忆事情。
Explicit or declarative memory is when you remember you have a dentist appointment on Tuesday.
显性记忆或陈述性记忆是指你记得周二约了牙医。
It's a conscious recollection of something like facts, names, or events.
它是对事实、名字或事件的有意识的回忆。
In other words, it's on-purpose remembering.
换句话说，这是为了记忆。
Implicit or procedural memory is the unconscious memory of a skill or task, like typing.
内隐式记忆或程序性记忆是对技能或任务的无意识记忆，如打字。
Implicit memory is useful because it allows you to do something without having to re-learn it every time.
内隐记忆是有用的，因为它允许你做一些事情，而不必每次都重新学习。
Your implicit memory is how you know how to ride a bike even if it's been a decade since you were last on one.
你的内隐记忆是你知道怎么骑自行车，即使最后一次骑车是在十年前。
So the reason you might suck at remembering if the # is on the 3 or the 4 key is because once we become familiar with typing, our brain unconsciously knows what keys to press.
所以，你可能想不起＃号是在3或4键上，是因为一旦我们熟悉了打字，大脑就会在不知不觉中知道要按哪个键。
However, this doesn't fully explain why our brain makes dumb typos like N-A-D instead of A-N-D.
然而，这并不能完全解释为什么大脑会出现N-A-D，而不是A-N-D这样愚蠢的打字错误
And that's because when it comes to writing, there's a lot of different brain functions that are going on.
这是因为说到写字，会用到很多不同的大脑功能。
First there's something called hierarchical organization.
首先，有一种叫做分层结构的东西。
When a task becomes routine, our brains like to organize it into categories and subcategories.
当一项任务变成例行公事时，我们的大脑喜欢把它组织成类别和子类别。
So when it comes to typing, our brains start with the word, then move on to the spelling, and then to the keys we need to press.
所以说到打字时，我们的大脑是从单词开始，然后是拼写，再后面是我们需要按下的键。
One study published in 2010 that looked at this found that this hierarchical organization can actually cause us to press two keys at the same time.
2010年发表的一项研究对此进行了研究，发现这种层级结构实际上会导致我们同时按下两个键。
Thus the typos.
这样就形成了键入错误。
Research going back as far as 1980 has found similar results.
早在1980年时，研究就发现了类似的结果。
When we type, we're already moving on to the next letter before we finish typing the first one.
在打字时，我们敲完第一个字母后，就已经移动到下一个字母上。
Although this only seems to happen when we're typing words that use two hands.
尽管这似乎只发生在我们用双手打字的时候。
And while that doesn't tell us for sure why we type "t-e-h" and "n-a-d," those are two-handed words!
虽然这并不能确切地告诉我们为什么会输入“t-e-h”和“n-a-d”，这些都是用双手敲打出的单词！
Hierarchical organization is what's driving our brains to group the letters in a word together, but we also do it at a motor control level.
层次结构是驱使大脑将一组字母组合成一个单词的动力，但是我们在运动控制水平上也是这样做的。
In order to make our movements more efficient and free up thinking space, we do something called motor chunking.
为了让我们的动作更有效率，腾出更多的思考空间，我们会做一种称为运动组块的运动。
Motor chunking is when you take a movement, like typing, and string it together into longer, more fluid sequences.
运动组块是当你做一种动作，比如打字，然后把它串成更长、更流畅的序列。
For example, think of the way you dial a telephone number.
例如，想想你拨电话号码的方式。
If it's a number you've never called before, you probably punch it in One. Number. At. A. Time.
如果是以前从未打过的号码，你可能会一次按一个数字。
But if it's your home phone number you probably type it in quickly: area code, then the first three numbers and then the last four.
但如果是你的家庭电话号码，你可能会很快输入：区号，然后是前三个号码，最后是后四位号码。
Or however phone numbers are split up in your area.
或者电话号码在你所在的地区是被分开的。
The same thing happens when we type words on a keyboard.
当我们在键盘上输入单词时也会发生同样的事情。
As we get familiar with the process, we start to string together movements so we can type faster, more efficiently, and we don't have to think so hard about what we're doing.
随着我们对该过程熟悉，我们开始把动作串在一起，这样我们就可以更快、更有效地打字，而且我们不必对自己在做什么想得太多。
And the "not thinking so hard" could well be contributing to those annoying typos.
而“不那么用力去思考”很可能是造成这些烦人的打字错误的原因。
When we're writing, we're not really focused on the individual letters of the word.
我们在写字时，并不是真的把注意力放在单词的每个字母上。
We're focused on the bigger picture, the meaning of what we're writing.
我们关注的是大局，即我们所写东西的含义。
One study from 2013 looked at what happened before and after participants made typing errors.
2013年的一项研究调查了参与者在打字错误出现前后发生的事情。
The researchers observed that the speed of typing changes in conjunction with mistakes.
研究人员观察到打字的速度随着错误而发生变化。
They concluded that this shows that there is potentially a break in your train of thought.
他们得出的结论是，这表明你的思维方式有可能出现中断。
This focus on the greater meaning of what we're typing might also be why we're pretty bad at catching our own typos.
这也可能是为什么我们不善于捕捉自己打字错误的原因。
Since we already know what we're trying to say, a flipped letter here and there isn't going to jump out at us.
我们已经知道要说什么了，一个快速翻转的字母是不会向我们扑过来。
Which is why we have spell check.
这就是为什么我们要进行拼写检查。
And editors.
还有编辑。
Or at least a friend who's willing to look over stuff for us.
或者至少是一个愿意帮我们检查的朋友。
So don't sweat the typos too much!
所以，别太在意键入错误！
We don't really know how to type, but we make it happen anyway.
我们真的不知道怎么打字，但不管怎么说，我们还是打了。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych.
感谢收看本期《心理科学秀》。
We know someone who's pretty good at typing and also writing, it's Hank Green!
我们认识一个打字和写作都很好的人，那就是汉克·格林！
And his novel An Absolutely Remarkable Thing is now out in paperback.
现在，他的小说《一件了不起的事》发行了平装本。
So if you're the kind of person who waits for the paperback, the wait is over.
所以，如果你是那种等待平装本的人，不用再等了。
Check it out everywhere you find good books!
到你能找到好书的地方去看看吧！
