(单词翻译:单击)
Thanks to Brilliant for supporting this episode of SciShow. Go to Brilliant.org/SciShow to learn more.
感谢Brilliant对本期节目的支持。前往Brilliant.org/SciShow了解更多。
Growing up, you may have heard that you can catch a cold in the rain. And it turns out there's some truth to that idea.
从小到大，你可能听说过淋雨会感冒。事实证明，这种观点是有一定道理的。
See, pathogenic organisms stuff like viruses and bacteria
你看，不管有没有雨水的帮助，
that can give plants and animals diseases do rain down on us all the time, with or without the help of water.
那些会让植物和动物生病的病原生物体，如病毒和细菌确实总是会落在我们身上。
But the situation isn't so dire that you're likely to get sick from going outside… yet?
但是因为外出而生病，可能也没那么糟糕？
According to a 2015 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
根据2015年出版于《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences》的一项研究，
we may inhale thousands of microbes per hour when we're breathing in "fresh air".
当我们在呼吸“新鲜空气”的时候，我们或许每小时会吸入成千上万的微生物。
These organisms come from almost anything you can think of: the soil, bodies of water, even the surfaces of plants and buildings.
这些生物体来自于几乎每个你能想到的事物：土壤、水体，甚至是植物和建筑物的表面。
And they're not necessarily from the immediate vicinity. Winds, splashing water, rising smoke,
它们不一定来自附近。风、溅起的水、升起的烟
and many human activities can dislodge microorganisms from their dwelling places and launch them into the air.
以及许多人类活动都能把微生物从它们的栖息地驱逐出去，并把它们发射到空气中。
Once afloat, they can snag onto small particles like dust and travel way up into the atmosphere,
一旦漂浮起来，它们可以抓住像灰尘这样的小颗粒，一路向上进入大气层，
into a region known as the planetary boundary layer.
进入一个被称为地表边界层的区域。
And there, they can move thousands of kilometers with the air masses they're suspended in, across whole continents and oceans.
在那里，它们可以随着它们悬浮的气团移动数千公里，跨越整个大陆和海洋。
Eventually, though, they fall back down, either in rain or when the particles they're associated with finally settle.
但最终，它们会落回地面，要么是在雨中，要么是当与它们有关的粒子最终落回地面时。
And scientists estimate that hundreds of millions of viruses
科学家们估计，每天有数亿病毒
and tens of millions of bacteria rain down in this manner on every square meter of this planet every day.
和数千万细菌以这种方式降落在地球上的每一平方米土地上。
And that's not the worst part. See, scientists say these globe-trotting microbes can spread diseases around the globe.
这还不是最糟糕的。科学家说这些周游世界的微生物可以在全球传播疾病。
For example, in 2004, a pathogen that infects plants traveled from Asia to the United States thanks to a hurricane.
例如，2004年，一种感染植物的病原体随着飓风从亚洲传播到美国。
And a 2003 paper published in BioScience suggested that the global transport of dust could be sprinkling pathogens onto coral reefs.
2003年发表于《BioScience》的一篇论文表明全球沙尘暴传播能会将病原体洒向珊瑚礁。
Poor coral reefs, they just can't catch a break, can they? Luckily, if you're a human, you probably don't have too much to worry about.
可怜的珊瑚礁，它们就是不能休息，不是吗？幸运的是，大家或许不用太担心。
Most of the microorganisms moving around this way are considered harmless. Though, not all of them.
大多数这样移动的微生物被认为是无害的。但并不是所有都是无害的。
Scientists have found potential pathogens like Staph in the dust that settles after storms and during dust events.
科学家们在风暴过后和沙尘暴期间的灰尘中发现了潜在的病原体，比如葡萄球菌。
And in some cases, they think wind patterns can explain disease outbreaks.
在某些情况下，他们认为风的模式可以解释疾病的爆发。
For example, in 2011, researchers found that epidemics of Kawasaki disease correlated with wind currents that swept from Asia to the north Pacific.
例如，2011年，研究人员发现川崎病的流行与从亚洲到北太平洋的气流有关。
Kawasaki disease is an illness that causes inflammation in blood vessels, particularly in kids.
川崎病是一种引起血管炎症的疾病，尤其是儿童。
And the weird thing is, we don't actually know which pathogen is responsible.
奇怪的是，我们不知道是哪一种病原体造成的。
So the wind pattern connection, while not definitive,
所以虽然不确定，
could be an important clue for medical researchers trying to better understand the disease.
但风模式的联系可能是医学研究人员尝试更好地了解这种疾病的一个重要线索。
Also even if there's no immediate link between human disease-causing pathogens
即使人类致病病原体之间没有直接的联系
and the billions upon billions of microbes falling from the sky every day, there could be soon.
每天都有数以亿计的微生物从天而降，这种联系很快就会有了。
See, this whole situation is probably getting worse with climate change.
随着气候变化，整个情况可能会变得更糟。
Scientists think it's likely that even more dust and microbes will float into our atmosphere in the coming decades
科学家认为在未来的几十年里，可能会有更多的灰尘和微生物漂浮到我们的大气中，
thanks to things like increased desertification and more intense weather events.
这要感谢日益严重的沙漠化和更加剧烈的天气事件。
So, while you might not catch a cold or any other disease from the rain in the near future, the possibility is only increasing.
所以，虽然你可能在不久的将来不会因为下雨而感冒或得其他疾病，但这种可能性只会越来越大。
Researchers have to use a lot of really complex math to figure out how pathogens move around in the clouds
研究人员已经使用了很多复杂的数学方法来弄清楚病原体是如何在云中移动的
and how that might change in the future. And that math is something everyone can learn with Brilliant.org.
以及在未来可能发生的变化。大家可以在Brilliant.org上学习这种数学方法。
See, Brilliant offers dozens of courses that cover topics in science, engineering, computer science, and math.
Brilliant提供数十种课程，话题涵盖科学、工程学、计算机科学和数学。
And their Differential Equations 2 course dives into the hardcore math needed to predict weather patterns,
他们的微分方程课程2深入研究了预测天气模式
as well as other kinds of scientific modeling.
以及其他科学建模所需的核心数学。
With a premium subscription, you'll get access to it and all their other courses,
付费订阅即可学习它和其他所有课程，
as well as engaging Daily Challenges which help you practice the skills you're learning.
还可以参与日常挑战，这有助于你练习你正在学习的技能。
And right now, the first two hundred people to sign up at Brilliant.org/SciShow will get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
现在前两百名注册Brilliant.org/SciShow的用户可享8折优惠。
So check it out! And let us know if you learn anything really cool in the comments.
点击查看吧！如果你学到了什么很酷的东西，请在评论中告诉我们。
