听力文本

For top level sports people, it's not just skill and athleticism that count. So often, it's mind over matter. Psychology is now seen as increasingly vital to winning. Having a sports psychologist is just as valuable as a strength and conditioning coach. In elite sport, the difference between success and failure is often the finest of margins. Go! It's all about raising the bar one year to the next. The annual boat race between Oxford and Cambridge Universities is one of the oldest and most prestigious events in the sporting calendar. For the competitors, it's 20 minutes of pure pain. But also, pure pressure. When they walk outside that boathouse there will be 100,000 people standing on the bank. That is something you just can't get your head around until you've actually lived it. How the rowers cope with that intense pressure can make the difference between glory and failure. The Cambridge women's team have won the last two races and this woman has been one of the secrets of their success. I work on managing their thinking. Knowing that they are in control of their psychological state. Sports psychologist Helen Davis has worked on specific techniques to help the team at the most mentally testing moments in the race. When the pain kicks in, they have trigger words that they've planned for in advance that they will say to themselves to get across the finish line. As training for the 2019 race intensifies, just trying to keep up with teammates is mentally grueling. Trying to make those crews is huge pressure. I get off the water and I've just been trying to keep up with people who compete at world championships and then I work on my PhD and I'm trying to keep up with people that I feel are so much smarter than me. So it's pressure that I put on myself. So I will very much encourage them to view pressure as a challenge. Focus on certain things with their thinking that's going to help them with their performance rather than focusing on the uncertainties of their situation. Understanding what makes athletes cope or panic at those crucial moments is an ever-growing obsession in professional sport. It's the multi-billion dollar question that sports psychologists are constantly trying to answer. Dr. Jamie Barker lectures at the world's leading sports science university, Loughborough in Britain. What is the reaction that individuals go through and how does that contribute to how they perform? That's the intrigue that we have. Okay and James, if you just try to relax as much as you can. In 2013, Jamie helped devise a cardiovascular test. It compared the physiological reactions of athletes who thrive in a high pressure situation with those who flop. A group of aspiring professional cricketers were set a specific target. We had a scenario where they would have to score 36 runs of 30 deliveries when facing the balling machine. The cricketers were warned that their results would be made public and would decide who makes the team and who doesn't. Shot. So what's he on, then? 10 of 10.

Nearly half the players hit the test for six, and scored the runs. And most of them went into what psychologists call a challenge state. In a challenge state, my body releases adrenaline which opens up my arteries, which means there's blood, glucose, and oxygen going around my body, I'm able to make better decisions. I'm able to move quickly. Over half the batsmen found themselves on a stickier wicket, and failed to make the runs. They mostly entered the so-called threat state. In a threat state I experience the release of cortisol, which constricts the arteries around my heart, there's less blood going around my body, and hence my performance may suffer. As a sports psychologist we can then start to go in and say, how can we help you to go from a threat state to a challenge state? Jamie employs a mental visualization technique that sports psychologists have used with a variety of professional teams. Athletes are asked to picture a set of scales. On one side are their demands, the obstacles to success. They're taught to tip the balance the other way. Towards their resources, the attributes they possess that can help them. It is about trying to develop a perception of control. Can individuals really focus on the things that they can influence, rather than worrying about external factors? Sports psychology is sometimes criticized as a phony science. But many major sports teams and personalities now use psychologists. And there's growing acceptance that this boosts performances. In sports, as in the world beyond, a mental edge can bring a winning one. Everyone on this team pushes themselves to incredible limits. And that's why they've come so far academically and in sports.

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重点词汇解析

increasingly adv. 越来越多地；

How to prevent such a crash is becoming an increasingly costly question.

如何防止这种崩溃正成为一个(成本)越来越昂贵的问题。

vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的；生气勃勃的；

Knowing that it was vital to gather evidence in the moments following an attack, he took three photos of the bomb in a carrier bag on the floor before alerting police.

他知道在袭击发生后的瞬间收集证据是至关重要的，于是在报警前，他拍了三张炸弹的照片，放在了地板上的一个手提包里。

cope vt/vi. vi.对抗；对付； vt.笼罩； n.长袍；墙帽；

Never before has the industry had to cope with war and recession at the same time.

企业以前从来没有同时应付过战争和经济衰退。

参考翻译

对于顶级体育人士来说，重要的不仅仅是技巧和运动能力。很多时候，精神层面要比物质层面更重要。如今，普遍认为心理学对获胜至关重要。拥有运动心理学家和体能教练一样有价值。在精英运动中，成功与失败的区别通常相差无几。冲啊！这一切都是为了提高逐年变高的标准。牛津大学和剑桥大学之间一年一度的赛艇比赛是体育日程表中最古老，最负盛名的赛事之一。对于竞争对手，这20分钟，不仅是纯粹的痛苦。但与此同时，也是纯粹的压力。当他们走到那个船库外面时，会有10万人站在岸边。除非你真正的体会过，否则这是你无法理解的事情。赛艇运动员如何应对这种巨大的压力可以区分荣耀和失败。剑桥女子队赢得了最后两场比赛，这位女士是他们成功的秘诀之一。我致力于管理他们的思想。知道他们掌握了自己的心理状态。运动心理学家海伦戴维斯（Helen Davis）致力于提供具体技巧，帮助球队在比赛中进行心理上的测试。当疼痛开始出现时，他们会提前喊出他们已经商量过的口号，他们会说自己要越过终点线。随着2019年比赛的训练愈演愈烈，仅仅只是为了跟上队友，却成为了精神上的痛苦。使得那些船员处于巨大的压力之中。我离开比赛，并一直在努力跟上那些参加世界锦标赛的人，然后我在攻读博士学位，并正在努力的跟上那些我认为比我聪明的人。所以我给自己施加压力。因此，我会经常鼓励他们将压力视为挑战。把他们的思维专注于某些事情，这将有助于他们的表现，而不是专注于他们处境的不确定性。了解是什么使运动员在这些关键时刻应付或恐慌，对职业运动而言，恰是一个日益增长，令人着迷的地方。这是运动心理学家不断尝试回答的价值数十亿美元的问题。Jamie Barker博士在位于英国拉夫堡的世界一流体育科学大学进行授课。个人经历的反应是什么？这对他们的表现有何贡献？这就是我们的秘诀。Okay，James，只要尽量放松一下就行。2013年，杰米帮助设计了一组心血管测试。它对比了在高度压力的情况下，那些茁壮成长的运动员的生理反应。一群有理想的职业板球运动员被设定成一个特定的研究目标。我们有一个场景，他们在面对球机时必须在30次的传球中，得分36次。板球运动员被告知，他们的结果将公之于众，并决定谁留在球队，谁被踢出球队。发球！那么他在做什么呢？全中！近一半的球员打了六组测试，并通过了考验。他们中的大多数都进入了心理学家所谓的挑战状态。在这种挑战状态下，我的身体释放肾上腺素，并打开我的动脉，这意味着身体周围有血液，葡萄糖和氧气，使得我能够做出更好的决定。我能够快速行动。超过一半的击球手发现自己处于令人棘手的入口，而并没有成功入选球队。他们中的大多数人进入所谓的威胁状态。在威胁状态下，我会感受到皮质醇的释放，它会收缩我心脏周围的动脉，使得身体周围的血液会减少，因此我的表现可能会受到影响。作为运动心理学家，我们有理由说：我们是如何帮助你从威胁状态调整为挑战状态的？Jamie采用心理可视化技术，这种技术运动心理学家已经与各种专业团队一起使用过。运动员被要求描绘出一组天平。一方面是他们的自我需求，这也是成功的障碍。引导他们以另一种方式去打破这个平衡。他们的资源，他们所拥有的属性，可以帮助他们做到这一点。关于试图培养控制感。个人真的能专注于他们能影响的事情，而不是担心外部因素吗？运动心理学有时会被批评为一门伪科学。但是现在许多主要的运动队和名人都使用心理学家。而且，越来越多的人认为这能提升自我。越来越多的人认为这可以提升表现。在体育运动中，如同在外面的世界一样，心理上的优势可以赢得胜利。这个团队中的每个人都将自己推向了令人难以置信的极限。这就是他们在学术和体育方面走得那么远的原因。