(单词翻译:单击)
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Compared to other creepy deepwater critters like gulper eels or angler fish,
和其他怪异的深水生物，如宽咽鱼和琵琶鱼相比，
Chiasmodon niger looks pretty unassuming—kind of like an ugly anchovy.
黑叉齿鱼看起来相当谦逊—有点像是丑丑的鳀鱼。
It grows to about 25 centimeters long, and is found all around the world at about 700 to 2800 meters deep
它能长到约25厘米长，且世界各地约700到2800米水深处都有它们的身影
in what scientists call the twilight and midnight zones of the ocean because there's so little light.
这些深水区由于没什么光线，所以科学家们称之为海洋的黄昏和午夜区域。
And while Chiasmodon is not, you know, a beautiful fish, with its rows of long, needle-like teeth and a mostly scaleless body,
虽然黑叉齿鱼不漂亮，它有一排排长长的针状牙齿，身体上几乎没有鱼鳞，
it's still pretty normal looking as long as you catch it before it eats.
但只要你在它进食之前抓住它，它看起来还是很正常的。
It's common name is the black swallower because it can eat meals several times larger than itself,
它的常用名为black swallower，因为它可以吃掉体型比它大几倍的食物，
and make competitive eaters worldwide jealous of its stretchy stomach.
这令世界上的其他有竞争力的食客嫉妒不已。
In 2007, a fisherman off the Cayman Islands found a dead 19 centimeter-long black swallower floating on the surface of the ocean.
2007年，开曼群岛的一位渔民发现了一只漂浮在海洋表面的死黑叉齿鱼，身长19厘米。
Inside its guts was an 86 centimeter-long snake mackerel, that's four times as long as the swallower!
它的内脏里有一条86厘米长的鲭鱼，比它自己长四倍！
Other reports suggest they can eat meals twelve times their mass!
其他报道表明它们可以吃掉体重是它们12倍的食物！
If humans could eat that much in one sitting,
如果人类可以一次吃那么多的话，
the world record for competitive hot dog eating would be closer to 8,500 hot dogs, rather than just over 70.
比赛吃热狗的世界纪录将会是接近于8500个，而不是仅70多个。
Swallowers manage this incredible feat of gastronomy thanks to their large mouths and very elastic stomachs,
黑叉齿鱼能驾驭这令人难以置信的美食技艺，这多亏了它们的大嘴和超有弹性的胃，
which can expand so far that the skin becomes thin enough to see through.
可以大范围扩张，让皮肤薄到可以看穿一切。
Fish in the swallower family also have pelvic fins that aren't fused, much like the lower jaw bones in a snake,
叉齿鱼家族中的鱼类也有没有融合腹鳍，很像是蛇的下颚骨，
so they can stretch their chest to make room when their belly expands.
所以当它们的肚子膨胀时，它们可以扩张自己的胸腔创造空间。
Ichthyologists think that when swallowers hunt, they first seize their victim by the tail,
鱼类学家认为当叉齿鱼捕食时，它们首先抓住猎物的尾巴，
and then bit by bit scoot the jaws up like a boa constrictor until the luckless prey is completely engulfed.
然后下巴一点点往上挪，就像是王蛇一样，直到不幸的猎物被完全吞没。
And it makes sense that they've evolved the ability to eat pretty much anything they can get their big mouths around.
它们进化出了能够吃掉嘴边一切食物的能力也是有道理的。
Down in the deep ocean, where food can be pretty scarce, having that kind of flexibility would be a great adaptation for survival.
在海洋深处，几乎没什么食物，拥有这种灵活性是为了生存而做出的巨大适应。
But no one knows yet exactly how they pull it off.
但没人知道它们到底是怎么做到这一点的。
When snakes eat a big meal, they have to ramp up their metabolism and even enlarge organs like their liver and heart to fully digest their food.
当蛇吃大餐时，它们需要加快新陈代谢，甚至扩大器官，如肝脏和心脏，才能完全消化它们的食物。
It's likely these little fish have evolved similar ways to cope with such large meals.
可能是这些小鱼已经进化出了类似的方法，可以处理大型食物。
But their big appetites can sometimes get the better of them.
但它们的大胃口有时会让他们吃不消。
Digestive juices can only work so fast, and if a meal is just too big,
消化液效能很快，如果一餐吃太大的食物，
like a nearly 90 centimeter-long snake mackerel, the prey can start to rot and decompose inside the stomach.
比如近90厘米长的蛇鲭，猎物可以在胃部开始腐烂分解。
Like all rotting food, a decomposing meal releases gases.
和所有腐烂食物一样，分解的食物会释放气体。
And these can inflate the swallower's stomach like a balloon, lifting the creature to the surface of the ocean and killing it.
这会让叉齿鱼的胃部像气球一样膨胀，从而让它漂浮到海洋表面然后死掉。
That's what happened to the one from the Cayman Islands, and it's actually how we first discovered this species back in the 1860s.
开曼群岛上的那只就是这样，其实也是因为这样，我们才在19世纪60年代首次发现这一物种。
In fact, for over a century their habit of fatally overeating was the main way scientists collected specimens,
事实上，一个多世纪以来，它们过度饱食的致命习惯是科学家们收集样本的主要方法，
other than a few that were dragged up by deepwater fishing.
除了有几只是被深海捕鱼拖上来的。
Now, thanks to better deep-sea vehicles, we're able to spy on them in their natural habitat.
现在多亏了更好的深海工具，我们才能在它们的天然栖息地中观察它们。
In 2017, for instance, a NOAA rover spotted one in the Gulf of Mexico with a bit more of a dignified profile.
例如2017年，美国国家海洋和大气局的一艘探测车在墨西哥湾发现了一只叉齿鱼。
And, unsurprisingly, a very full belly. Our oceans are full of all kinds of wondrous creatures,
不出所料，它的肚子鼓鼓的。我们的海洋里满是各种奇妙的生物，
and you can learn about lots of them through CuriosityStream.
你可以通过CuriosityStream了解更多。
CuriosityStream is a subscription streaming service that offers over 2,400 documentaries
CuriosityStream是一个订阅流媒体，提供超过24000个纪录片
and nonfiction titles from some of the world's best filmmakers, including exclusive originals.
和来自世界最好制片人的非虚构影片，包括独家原版。
They have videos on history, technology, society and lifestyle and of course, nature.
他们的视频涉及历史、科技、社会和生活方式，当然还有自然。
If you liked learning about the black swallower, you might want to check out Deep Ocean.
如果你想了解嘿叉齿鱼，你可以看看《深海》。
In this video series, scientists take you to the darkest depths of the ocean to meet all kinds of deep-dwelling creatures,
在这一系列的视频中，科学家们将带你前往海洋最深处，去见见各种住在深海中的生物，
and it's narrated by none other than Sir David Attenborough.
而该片的叙述者正是大卫·艾登堡爵士。
And for as little as $2.99 a month, you could watch it and thousands of other videos.
每月低至2.99美元就可以观看数千个其他视频。
If that's not enough, as a SciShow viewer, your first 31-days could be completely free!
如果这还不够，科学秀的观众可享前31天完全免费！
All you have to do is sign up at curiositystream.com/SciShow and use the promo code scishow during the sign-up process.
只需登录curiositystream.com/SciShow进行注册并使用促销码scishow即可。
