(单词翻译:单击)
Go to UniverseUnboxed.com to learn about SciShow science kits!
《太空科学秀》内容可在UniverseUnboxed.com了解。
And stick around to the end of this episode to hear more about this exciting new SciShow project!
本集末会详细介绍《太空科学秀》的这个令人激动的新项目哦！
Astronauts have to clear a lot of bars to get to space.
要进入太空，宇航员需要克服诸多障碍。
Education, physical fitness...we expect our space explorers to be the best of the best.
知识的匮乏、身体的不适等等。因此，我们希望宇航员都是人中龙凤。
But they're still human. And sometimes, humans can be picky eaters.
但宇航员也是人。有时候，人就是会对食物有所挑剔。
So not only does the food we send on space missions have to be lightweight, shelf-stable, and safe for eating inside a space capsule, it has to taste at least okay.
所以，我们送去太空的食物不仅质量要轻，要耐储藏，要能安全在太空舱内食用，而且口感一定要好。
So, scientists have come up with really creative ways to keep astronauts well fed for days and months at a time.
基于此，科学家创造性地想到了一些办法，可以一次性保证宇航员在几天乃至几个月内水足饭饱。
Some of the stories of their success have been exaggerated though.
不过，科学家的成功事迹中有一部分是有所夸大的。
But even some of the misconceptions can tell us something about the challenges of eating in space.
但是，过程中收获，哪怕是误解，也让我们对在太空里吃饭这件事所面临的挑战有了一些了解。
First up is the belief that NASA developed the powdered drink mix Tang specifically for space.
首先是有人相信：美国宇航局（NASA）研发了一种提供能量的指定饮品Tang果珍，是专为宇航员准备的。
The famous friendship between Tang and NASA goes back to 1962.
这种饮品与NASA之间的情谊举世皆知，这段情谊缘起于1962年。
That year, John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth.
那一年，约翰·格伦成为第一名环绕地球飞行的美国人。
And while the world watched on television, he drank a powdered beverage out of a pouch labeled orange drink.
当时，全球可以从电视中看到，他饮用了一个袋子里的粉末状饮料，标签上写着是橙汁。
That was Tang. From then on, NASA and Tang were forever married in the public imagination.
那个饮料就是Tang果珍。从那时起，NASA和Tang就成了公众眼中的CP。
But Tang was already available as a consumer product, just one that hadn't really caught on yet.
不过，Tang果珍现在已经公开出售，只是销量还不是很火爆。
For early astronauts, however, the flavored powder was a boon.
不过，从早期宇航员开始，有味道的音频就成了一种福利。
See on early space missions, drinking water was either stored in metal tanks or made from fuel cells.
从早期的太空任务中可以看出，饮用水要么储存在金属容器中，要么是从燃料电池中提取的。
Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity by joining together hydrogen and oxygen, and as a byproduct, they make water.
氢燃料电池发电是通过将氢和氧聚合在一起，其副产品就是水。
Either way, space water tasted like metal. And Tang could cover up that taste.
无论是通过哪一种方式，水的味道喝起来都很像金属。而Tang果珍却能掩盖这个味道。
And as a bonus, it also offered astronauts a few vitamins.
而且有个额外福利是：它可为宇航员提供一些维他命。
So NASA went all in on Tang. They repackaged it in a microgravity-friendly pouch, but other than that it was the same product.
所以，NASA对Tang倾注了很大的精力。NASA将这种果珍放在了更适应微重力环境的袋子里，虽然里面的果珍本身并没有发生什么改变。
Astronauts just had to add water, stick in a straw, and drink.
宇航员只需要加水、插入吸管，然后喝就行了。
While NASA didn't invent Tang, the two did enjoy a fruitful relationship, in fact, they're together to this day.
虽然这种果珍并非NASA研发的，但NASA和Tang的关系确实不一般。时至今日，NASA还在使用Tang。
Now the second misconception is the idea that everything in space is freeze-dried, and there's no normal food at all.
还有一个误解是：太空里的一切都是经过冻干的，根本就没有正常的食物。
It's true that astronauts eat a lot of weird stuff in space.
实情是：宇航员在太空中会摄入许多奇怪的食物。
Back in the day, they squeezed pureed meals out of what looked like toothpaste tubes, and ate it cold.
那时候，宇航员会把浆状的餐食从牙膏管一样的东西里挤出来，然后直接食用。
Even now, after decades of space food R&D, astronauts still eat a lot of re-hydrated food out of airtight pouches.
即便是现在，在做了几十年的太空食物研发之后，宇航员依然会从密封袋里摄入许多加水食物。
But these days, they also eat a lot of normal things.
不过，近来，宇航员也会摄入许多正常的食物。
For instance, they can eat fresh fruit, at least for the first few days of a mission, while it's actually fresh.
比如，宇航员可以食用新鲜水果，至少在一次任务头几天的时候还可以食用新鲜水果，是真的新鲜水果哦。
On holidays, like Christmas and Thanksgiving, they get turkey.
每逢节日，比如圣诞节和感恩节，宇航员可以吃到火鸡。
The International Space Station even has the occasional pizza night.
国际空间站甚至是不是会准备“披萨之夜”。
Today, there are around 200 items on NASA's space menu.
如今，NASA的太空食谱里有近200种食物。
It includes things like scrambled eggs, fish casserole, and nuts.
其中包括炒蛋、砂锅鱼、坚果。
Being able to choose from lots of foods they like is a real morale booster for astronauts.
能从众多食物中挑选食物可以鼓舞宇航员的精神。
And their psychological health is important, especially on long missions.
宇航员的心理健康也很重要，尤其是长途任务期间的心理健康。
Still, it is true that most of the astronauts' food has to be carefully prepared and processed, unlike on Earth.
不过，有一点是正确的：宇航员的大多数食物都是精心准备和处理过的，跟在地球上不一样。
There's typically no fridge or freezer in space, so all food has to be shelf-stable.
太空里是没有冰箱和冷冻库的，因此，所有的食物都要耐储藏。
That means it's often freeze-dried, powdered, or packed in airtight pouches.
也就是说，通常都是冻干食品、粉末状食品、密封袋装食品。
And it's taken a lot of work to figure out what that food should even be.
需要耗费很大精力来弄清楚什么样的食物是合适的。
At first, NASA adopted army food, but it turns out the high salt and fat that's good for soldiers isn't great for astronauts.
起初，NASA采用的军需品，但最后却发现高盐高脂肪的食物虽然对士兵好，但对宇航员并不好。
So, food scientists have spent years testing and modifying foods to come up with today's vast menu for space.
因此，食品科学家历时数年检测并改良食物，为今天的宇航员制定出了选项繁多的食谱。
And finally, even though most astronaut food is processed, it doesn't look like that foil-wrapped chalky stuff you buy in museum gift shops.
最后呢，虽然大多数宇航员的食物都经过了加工，但并不是用锡纸包装的粉笔灰一样的东西，这跟我们在博物馆礼品店里买到的加工食物不一样。
You know, those blocks of so-called space ice cream that do not resemble ice cream at all?
这些所谓的太空冰激凌一点都不像冰激凌。
That stuff has never been to space.
这种东西，太空里从来就没有。
It does have a connection to real space food, but a very distant one.
它确实跟实际的太空食物有关系，但却很遥远。
Freeze-dried ice cream actually was developed for spaceflight way back in the Apollo era.
冻干冰激凌实际上是在阿波罗号的时代就研发出来了。
Engineers made it by freezing regular ice cream and using a vacuum pump to evaporate the ice, thus preserving the ice cream, sort of.
工程师制作冻干冰激凌的方法是：把冰激凌冷冻，用真空泵使冰升华，然后保留剩下的部分。
It worked well enough to at least make it into the plans at some point.
这种冻干的方式效果奇佳，至少能应用到实际之中。
A press release that went out before Apollo 7 said that freeze-dried ice cream was going to space.
阿波罗7号执行任务之前，NASA举行了一次新闻发布会。在发布会上，他们宣布，冻干冰激凌将在太空中使用。
It just never got there. The astronauts on that mission say they never saw it, and it hasn't gone to space since.
这是前无古人之举。那次任务的所有宇航员都说他们从未在太空中食用动感冰激凌，而且在那之后也没见过。
The only ice cream astronauts get in space is the occasional scoop of the real stuff, which sometimes goes up in a freezer intended for taking medical samples back to earth.
宇航员在太空里食用过的唯一一种冰激凌就是实实在在的冰激凌。有时候，冰激凌会冻在冷库里，冷库里还存放着一些医学样品，是要送回地球的。
We've come a long way since astronauts were sucking food out of tubes with straws.
从宇航员只能用习惯从管子里吸取食物的阶段以来，我们已经摸索了很长的时间。
It's taken a lot of ingenious ideas to get here, and the future of space travel will need even more creativity.
走到今天这一步是借助了许多创意点子的帮助，而未来的太空之旅将需要更多的创新。
Like space farming. Yes, scientists are now working on growing food in space, since that's the only real way we can feed astronauts on long-distance missions.
就像在太空里种田一样。没错，一些科学家现在正在研究如何在太空里种植食物，因为这是唯一一种能保证长途任务期间宇航员温饱的方法。
It's no surprise that all this space-age science leads to some confusion, but it's all in the name of keeping astronauts healthy and happy. Bon Appetit!
意料之中的是：太空时代关于这个问题的研究也让一些人感到困惑，不过大家的目的都是为了保证宇航员的身心健康，以及好胃口。
Ah! Before you go, we have a very exciting announcement.
对了，在那之前，我们还有一个激动人心的消息要宣布。
SciShow has just launched Universe Unboxed, our very own line of science experiment kits.
《太空科学秀》刚刚推出了Universe Unboxed，这是主打太空实验的部分。
Universe Unboxed kits are designed for kids elementary school-aged and older, and they're packed full of fun experiments.
Universe Unboxed是专门为小学生及其以上年龄的学生打造的，里面有各种各样有趣的实验。
Each kit teaches specific science concepts.
每一集都有特定的科学概念讲解。
Not only that, though, in each one, we also explain how scientists use those concepts
而且，每一集会讲解科学家使用这些概念的方式，
and how they matter in the real world.
以及这些概念对现实世界的影响。
The Defying Gravity kit is all about creating illusions that teach you something about the world.
而Defying Gravity则是有关创造臆想的节目，可以让我们了解这个世界。
Like making water float, which actually demonstrates the properties of water molecules.
比如水上漂等现象展示了水分子的特性。
Or making a bottle burp, which shows how temperature and air pressure are related.
或者让瓶盖发出声音，这是跟温度和气压有关系的实验。
Each experiment comes with a video demonstration.
每次实验都有视频讲解。
And each video gives YOU the chance to guess what happened before explaining the science.
每个视频在讲解之前都会让大家先给出自己的猜想。
To buy one of these kits for yourself or your favorite kiddo, or to find them in a store near you, check out UniverseUnboxed.com.
该学习内容可以为自己或者自己的兄弟姐妹购买，也可以在附近的商店寻找，或者在UniverseUnboxed.com上看。
