In the spring of 2016, a legal battle between Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation captured the world's attention.
在2016年的春季，一场在苹果公司和美国联邦调查局之间的战争吸引了全世界的注意。
Apple has built security features into its mobile products which protect data on its devices from everyone but the owner.
苹果在其出产的手机产品里设置了安全系统，能够保护使用者的数据不被泄露。
That means that criminals, hackers and yes, even governments are all locked out.
这意味着，犯罪分子、黑客，是的，甚至是政府都被拒之门外。
For Apple's customers, this is a great thing. But governments are not so happy.
对于苹果的客户而言，这太棒了。但政府就不那么高兴了。
You see, Apple has made a conscious decision to get out of the surveillance business.
苹果公司做了一个清醒的决定，让自己远离监视活动。
Apple has tried to make surveillance as difficult as possible for governments and any other actors.
苹果让监视变得极其困难，不论是政府还是其他任何他人。
There are really two smartphone operating systems in the global smartphone market: iOS and Android.
在全球智能手机市场上只有两个（主流）操作系统：iOS和安卓。
iOS is made by Apple. Android is made by Google.
iOS是苹果公司的，安卓系统是Google开发的。
Apple has spent a lot of time and money to make sure that its products are as secure as possible.
苹果花了很长时间和金钱来确保其产品具备极佳的安全性。
Apple encrypts all data stored on iPhones by default,
苹果为储存在iPhone里的数据默认加密，
and text messages sent from one Apple customer to another Apple customer are encrypted by default without the user having to take any actions.
苹果手机间传送的短信也被默认加密，无需用户进行任何设置。
What this means is that, if the police seize an iPhone and it has a password,
这就意味着，如果警察拿到一部带有密码的苹果手机，
they'll have a difficult time getting any data off of it, if they can do it at all.
他们将很难从手机中拿到任何数据，几乎不可能。
In contrast, the security of Android just really isn't as good.
相反的，安卓系统的安全性就没有那么好了。
Android phones, or at least most of the Android phones that have been sold to consumers,
安卓手机，或者至少是大部分售卖给顾客的安卓手机，
do not encrypt data stored on the device by default, and the built-in text messaging app in Android does not use encryption.
没有默认加密手机中储存的数据，安卓中内置的短信应用也没有使用加密。
So if the police seize an Android phone, chances are, they'll be able to get all the data they want off of that device.
如果警察拿到了一部安卓手机，他们很有可能从那部手机中拿到想要获得的全部数据。
Two smartphones from two of the biggest companies in the world; one that protects data by default, and one that doesn't.
两种智能手机，由世界上最大的两个公司出产，一个默认保护用户数据，一个不是。
Apple is a seller of luxury goods. It dominates the high end of the market.
苹果售卖的是昂贵的产品，占据高端市场。
And we would expect a manufacturer of luxury goods to have products that include more features.
我们自然会期待奢侈品制造商的产品有更多功能。
But not everyone can afford an iPhone.
但并不是每个人都能买得起一部iPhone。
That's where Android really, really dominates: at the middle and low end of the market,
这就是安卓系统真正占领的市场：中低端市场，
smartphones for the billion and a half people who cannot or will not spend 600 dollars on a phone.
十五亿无法负担，或是不愿意花600美元购买手机的用户。
But the dominance of Android has led to what I call the "digital security divide."
但安卓系统手机的市场优势导致了我所说的“数字安全分化”。
That is, there is now increasingly a gap between the privacy and security of the rich,
也就是，穷人和富人的隐私安全状况出现了越来越大的差异，
who can afford devices that secure their data by default, and of the poor, whose devices do very little to protect them by default.
那些买得起默认保护数据的电子产品的富人，以及那些使用无法保证安全的电子产品的穷人。
So, think of the average Apple customer: a banker, a lawyer, a doctor, a politician.
想想看，苹果的用户一般来说是：银行家，律师，医生，政客。
These individuals now increasingly have smartphones in their pockets that encrypt their calls, their text messages,
这些人越来越倾向于使用这些手机，能够默认保护他们的通话，他们的短信息，
all the data on the device, without them doing really anything to secure their information.
以及手机上的所有数据，而不需要做任何额外设置。
In contrast, the poor and the most vulnerable in our societies are using devices that leave them completely vulnerable to surveillance.
相对的，那些穷人和那些社会里最不受保护的人，使用的电子设备却将他们轻易地暴露于被监控的危险。
In the United States, where I live, African-Americans are more likely to be seen as suspicious or more likely to be profiled,
在美国，我居住的地方，非洲裔美国人更容易被怀疑，或是更容易被记录在案，
and are more likely to be targeted by the state with surveillance.
更容易被国家列为监视目标。
But African-Americans are also disproportionately likely to use Android devices
但是，非洲裔美国人大多使用安卓系统手机，
that do nothing at all to protect them from that surveillance. This is a problem.
那些无法保护他们隐私的手机。这是个问题。
We must remember that surveillance is a tool. It's a tool used by those in power against those who have no power.
我们必须记住，监视是一个工具。一个被有权力的人掌控，用来对付没有权力的人的工具。

And while I think it's absolutely great that companies like Apple are making it easy for people to encrypt,
我认为苹果这样的公司自动加密保护用户的隐私，真的值得称赞，
if the only people who can protect themselves from the gaze of the government are the rich and powerful, that's a problem.
但如果那些能够保护自己不被政府轻易监视的人是有钱且有权的，这就是个问题。
And it's not just a privacy or a cybersecurity problem. It's a civil rights problem.
这不仅仅是一个关于隐私或是网络安全的问题。这是关于公民权利的问题。
So the lack of default security in Android is not just a problem for the poor and vulnerable users who are depending on these devices.
因此，安卓系统没有默认安全设置的问题，不仅仅是关乎那些使用这部电子产品的贫穷且容易受伤害的用户。
This is actually a problem for our democracy. I'll explain what I mean.
这其实是个事关我们民主的问题。我解释下这是什么意思。
Modern social movements rely on technology -- from Black Lives Matter to the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street.
当代的社会运动依赖科技--从“珍视黑人生命”到“阿拉伯之春”，再到“占领华尔街”。
The organizers of these movements and the members of these movements increasingly communicate and coordinate with smartphones.
这些运动的组织者和参与这些运动的人们越来越多地使用智能手机来联络和组织活动。
And so, naturally governments that feel threatened by these movements will also target the organizers and their smartphones.
于是，那些感到自身政权被这些运动所威胁的政府，会盯上组织者和他们的智能手机。
Now, it's quite possible that a future Martin Luther King or a Mandela or a Gandhi
很有可能，未来的马丁·路德·金，或是曼德拉，又或者是甘地，
will have an iPhone and be protected from government surveillance.
会用iPhone来保护自己不受政府监视。
But chances are, they'll probably have a cheap, $20 Android phone in their pocket.
但也有可能，他们的口袋里只有一个便宜的20美元的安卓手机。
And so if we do nothing to address the digital security divide,
如果我们对电子设备安全问题置之不理，
if we do nothing to ensure that everyone in our society gets the same benefits of encryption
如果我们不确保社会里的每个人都能得到电子产品安全加密的保护，
and is equally able to protect themselves from surveillance by the state,
能够平等地保护自身不被国家监视，
not only will the poor and vulnerable be exposed to surveillance,
不仅仅是那些贫穷和易受伤害的人会暴露在监视下，
but future civil rights movements may be crushed before they ever reach their full potential. Thank you.
未来的公民权利运动也有可能在它们真正兴起之前被扼杀。谢谢。
Chris, thank you so much. I have a question for you.
克里斯，非常感谢你。我有一个问题想要问你。
We saw recently in the press that Mark Zuckerberg from Facebook covers over his camera
我们近期从媒体获知，脸书的马克·扎克伯格把（电脑）摄像头遮盖起来了，
and does something with his headphone mic jack.
并且也对自己的耳机麦克风做了些保护。
So I wanted to ask you a personal question, which is: Do you do that?
我想问你一个比较私人的问题：你也这样做吗？
And, on behalf of everyone here, particularly myself, Should we be doing that? Should we be covering these things?
另外，我们在座的各位，包括我自己，需要这样做吗？我们也需要把这些都遮盖起来吗？
Putting a sticker -- actually, I like Band-Aids,
我喜欢用创可贴来贴住他们，
because you can remove them and put them back on whenever you want to make a call or a Skype call.
因为你可以反复把它们撕掉再贴上，当你需要打电话或是用skype视频通话的时候。
Putting a sticker over your web cam is probably the best thing you can do for your privacy in terms of bang for buck.
把摄像头贴起来可能是保护自己的隐私最好的方式，这是最简单易行的。
There really is malware, malicious software out there that can take over your web cam, even without the light turning on.
真的有很多恶意程序，病毒软件，能够侵入你的摄像头，甚至都不会有（摄像头开启指示）灯亮起来。
This is used by criminals. This is used by stalkers. You can buy $19.99 "spy on your ex-girlfriend" software online.
犯罪分子、跟踪狂可能会使用这样的软件。你可以在网上用19.99美元买到“窥视你的前女友”软件。
It's really terrifying. And then, of course, it's used by governments.
这真的很可怕。当然，政府也会使用这些。
And there's obviously a sexual violence component to this,
这同样也会导致性侵害案件，
which is that this kind of surveillance can be used most effectively against women and other people who can be shamed in our society.
这样的偷窥监视活动很可能被用来侵害妇女或是任何人，让他们在社会上抬不起头。
Even if you think you have nothing to hide, at the very least,
即使你认为自己没什么要隐藏的，但是，
if you have children, teenagers in your lives, make sure you put a sticker on their camera and protect them.
如果你和孩子或是青少年一起生活，请确保贴住他们的摄像头，来保护他们。
Wow. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thanks, Chris.
太棒了，谢谢你。谢谢。谢谢，克里斯。