(单词翻译:单击)
It’s maybe the most first world problem of first world problems: pit stains on white clothing. Maybe you've been there.
这可能是第一世界的问题中的首要世界问题：白色衣服上的汗渍。或许大家都经历过。
You are wearing any white shirt for long enough and suddenly it's discoloring in embarrassing and irritating ways.
任何一件白衬衫只要时间够长，就会突然以一种尴尬且让人恼火的方式变色。
The thing is, your sweat isn't actually yellow. It's colorless — that is, until it reacts with the compounds in antiperspirant.
但问题是你的汗并不是黄色的。它是无色的—直到它与止汗剂中的物质产生反应。
You have two main types of sweat glands, but the culprits here are the apocrine glands.
大家的汗腺主要有两种类型，但此处元凶是泌离腺体。
These don't kick in until puberty and are found basically anywhere there's a lot of hair — so your scalp, underarms … other places …
泌离腺体不会乖乖走开直到青春期，泌离腺体大部分存在于任何毛发繁多的地方—所以你的头皮、腋下以及其他地方...
They produce sweat that's slightly thicker, and secreted onto your skin via hair follicles.
泌离腺体会产生稍微粘稠的汗液并通过毛囊分泌至你的皮肤中。
To make matters worse, this sweat isn't just produced during hot weather, it's also triggered by periods of anxiety or heightened emotion. Great.
更糟糕的是，这种汗液并不只在天气炎热的时候产生，它也会由焦虑或高涨的情绪所导致。棒啊。
But to make it thicker, the sweat produced by these glands also contains fats and proteins.
导致其更粘稠的是，由这些腺体所产生的汗液同样包含脂肪和蛋白质。
And it's these fats and proteins that are the big issue — along with the bacteria that feast on them.
这些脂肪和蛋白质正是大问题之所在—以及在其中尽情享受的细菌。
We've talked about the connection between bacteria and the odor in farts, and the smell in your armpits is produced in much the same way.
之前我们讨论过细菌和放屁气味之间的联系，并且你腋窝的气味所产生的方式与其类似。
Sweat itself is odorless — it's the bacteria and the gases they release that make everything smell so wonderful and prompted cosmetics companies to create antiperspirants.
汗液本身是没有气味的—是它们所释放细菌和气体让这一切闻起来如此的...美妙...并且给了化妆品公司生产止汗剂的提示。
These products generally contain some version of a compound called aluminum chloride,
这些产品通常含有一些被称为氯化铝的化合物，
which works by acting as a sort of gel-like plug for your apocrine sweat glands, so you don't produce as much sweat.
通过充当某种顶泌汗腺凝胶类栓而起作用，所以你不会产生过多的汗。
But at the same time, the aluminum reacts with your sweat to produce compounds that react with the fabric in your clothing and mess with the color, and voila - yellow stains.
但同时，铝和你的汗液相反应并产生能够与衣物布料反应的混合物然后与颜色相混，也就是黄斑。
No one seems to agree about why exactly it turns yellow,
似乎有人对其变黄的原因有不同意见，
but there's some thought that the reaction with the aluminium causes the proteins in apocrine sweat to really stick to your clothes.
但有人认为与铝产生的反应导致顶浆分泌腺汗中的蛋白质黏在你的衣服上。
In any case, it's actually the thing making you sweat less that causes the stains. That doesn't seem super helpful.
无论如何，止汗剂能够减少产生斑渍的汗液。似乎也不是很有用啊。
Fortunately, there are a few things you can do to keep your clothes white.
还好你可以做些事保持衣服白净。
You could try using a deodorant that doesn't contain aluminum, or else let it dry completely before putting on your shirt.
你可以试着使用一些不含有铝的除臭剂，或是在穿这件衣服前完全保持干燥。
You could also look for a type of detergent that's boosted with the power of enzymes.
你也可以找些能够促进酶转换的除臭剂。
These are designed to react with, and break down proteins so you can get tricky stains, like yellow pit stains, out of your clothes.
酶能够和蛋白质相反应并分解蛋白质，这样你就会得到难对付的污点，比如黄色汗渍，只是不会黏在你的衣服上。
Like a lot of cleaning hacks, it's all about knowing the chemistry.
像很多清洁品都是化学品。
Thanks to patron on Patron Garrett Van Dyk for asking this question, and thanks to all of our patrons, who keep these answers coming.
感谢Patron赞助人Garrett Van Dyk的提问，感谢所有提问的赞助人。
If you'd like to submit a question to be answered, you can go to patreon.com/scishow.
如果你想提问，可以登录patreon.com/scishow
And don't forget to go to youtube.com/scishow to subscribe! That is wonderful and it helps us out.
不要忘记订阅youtube.com/scishow！非常棒的网站能够帮助解决问题。
You'll get a new episode of SciShow and learn about how weird and wonderful the world is including your arm piiiiiiiiiits
你可以观看新一期的科学秀了解这个世界有多么不可思议多么奇妙，当然包括你的胳肢窝窝窝.......
