Today, we're going to look at the world of Rome through the eyes of a young girl.
今天我们要从一个小女孩的眼里来看古罗马。
Here she is, drawing a picture of herself in the atrium of her father's enormous house.
这就是她，在她父亲巨大房子的中庭里给自己画了一张像。
Her name is Domitia, and she is just 5 years old.
她的名字叫Domitia，只有五岁。
She has an older brother who is fourteen, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, named after her dad.
她有个十四岁的哥哥，Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus，取名于她父亲的名字。
Girls don't get these long names that boys have.
女孩没有男孩那么长的名字。
What is worse is that Dad insists on calling all his daughters Domitia.
糟糕的是其父坚持叫他所有的女儿Domitia。
"Domitia!" His call to Domitia drawing on the column, Domitia III.
“Domitia!”他喊在柱子上画画的Domitia，Domitia III。
She has an older sister, Domitia II, who is 7 years old.
她有个姐姐，Domitia II，七岁。
And then there's Domitia I, who is ten.
还有Domitia I，十岁。
There would have been a Domitia IV, but mom died trying to give birth to her three years ago.
本来还有个Domitia IV，但在三年前妈妈生她时去世了。
Confused? The Romans were too.
糊涂了吧？罗马人都这样。
They could work out ancestry through the male line with the nice, tripartite names such as Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.
他们通过好听的三名法取名，从男性的关系找寻祖先。例如，Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus。
But they got in a real mess over which Domitia was married to whom
但是当他们要记录像是哪一个Domitia嫁给了谁，
and was either the great aunt or the great stepmother and so on to whom when they came to write it down.
还有她是谁的伯母或是谁的继母还是什么的，则是一团糟。
Domitia III is not just drawing on the pillar, she's also watching the action.
Domitia III不只是在柱子上画画，她同时也在看大家一举一动。
You see, it's early, in the time of day when all her dad's clients and friends come to see him at home to pay their respects.
你看，一早的时候，她父亲的客人和朋友都来到家里拜访她父亲并向他致意。
Lucius Popidius Secundus, a 17 year old, he wants to marry Domitia II within the next five to seven years, has come as well.
17岁的Lucius Popidius Secundus也来了，他想要在未来的5到7年内娶Domitia II为妻。
He seems to be wooing not his future wife, but her dad.
他似乎不是向未来妻子求爱，而是寻求她父亲的青睐。
Poor Lucius, he does not know that Domitia's dad thinks he and his family are wealthy but still scumbags from the Subura.
可怜的Lucius，他并不知道，Domitia的父亲觉得尽管他和他家族很有钱，但始终是Subura城来的下等人。
Afterall, it is the part of Rome full of barbers and prostitutes.
毕竟，那是罗马城内聚集理发师和娼妓的地方。
Suddenly, all the men are leaving with Dad.
突然，所有人都和父亲一起离开了。
It's the second hour and time for him to be in court with a sturdy audience of clients to applaud his rhetoric and hiss at his opponent.
已经是白天两点了，该去参加朝会了，在那会有忠实的听众为他的辩论演说鼓掌，还会对他的对手投以嘘声。
The house is now quieter. The men won't return for seven hours, not until dinner time.
房子里现在安静多了。男人们7小时之内不会回来，一直到晚餐时间。
But what happens in the house for those seven hours?
但这7小时内房子里有发生什么事吗？
What do Domitia, Domitia, and Domitia do all day? Not an easy question!
三位Domitia都在做什么呢？这不是个简单的问题！
Everything written down by the Romans that we have today was written by men.
所有我们今天看到罗马人的记录，都是男人们写的。
This makes constructing the lives of women difficult.
这让我们难以了解当时女性的日常起居。
However, we can't have a history of just Roman men, so here it goes. We can begin in the atrium.
然而，罗马的历史不可能只有男人，所以故事是这样的。我们从中庭说起。
There is a massive loom, on which Dad's latest wife is working on a new toga.
那里有一台巨大的织布机，最小的太太正坐在那织一套新的罗马袍。
Domitia, Domitia, and Domitia are tasked with spinning the wool that will be used to weave this mighty garment,
Domitia、Domitia还有Domitia则被叫去整理毛线。这些毛线会被用来缝那件大袍子。
30 or more feet long and elliptical in shape.
整件呈椭圆形，并且有30多英尺长。
Romans loved the idea that their wives work wool.
罗马人喜欢让妻子们干针线活这个主意。
We know that because it's written on the gravestones of so many Roman women.
我们可以从众多的罗马妇女的墓碑上知道这一点。
Unlike women in Greece, Roman women go out the house and move about the city.
和希腊的女性不一样，罗马女性会走出家门，到城中走走。
They go to the baths in the morning to avoid the men or to separate baths that are for women only.
她们会在早晨去浴场洗澡，以避免和男人共浴，或者只去单独的妇女的浴场。
Some do go in for the latest fad of the AD 70s: nude bathing with men present.
公元七十年代最新的时尚，确实有人这样做：裸体与男性一起洗澡。
Where they have no place is where the men are: in the Forum, in the Law Court, or in the Senate House.
她们在任何男人在的地方都没有地位，比如：论坛上，法院上或参众两院上。
Their place in public is in the porticos with gardens, with sculpture, and with pathways for walking in.
她们可以去的公共区域是门廊，那里有庭园，有雕像，还有进入的通道。
When Domitia, Domitia, and Domitia want to leave the house to go somewhere, like the Portico of Livia, they must get ready.
当Domitia、Domitia还有Domitia想要出去走走，比如去里维亚柱廊，她们要先梳妆打扮。
Domitia II and Domitia III are ready, but Domitia I, who is betrothed to be married in two years to darling Philatus, isn't ready.
Domitia II和Domitia III已经准备好了，不过Domitia I已经订婚了，两年后要嫁给心爱的Philatus，她还没准备好。
She's not slow, she just has more to do.
她不是动作慢，她只是有比较多事要做。
Being betrothed means she wears the insignia of betrothal:
订婚了意味着她要戴订婚的标志：
engagement rings and all the gifts Pilatus has given her - jewels, earrings, necklaces, and the pendants.
求婚戒指，还有所有Pilatus给她的礼物--珠宝、耳环、项链还有垂饰。
She may even wear her myrtle crown.
她甚至会带她的金花冠。

All this bling shouts, "I'm getting married to that 19 year old who gave me all this stuff I'm wearing!"
所有这些首饰明示着：“我就要嫁给那位送我这些礼物的19岁青年。”
While as they wait, Domitia II and Domitia III play with their dolls that mirror the image of their sister decked out to be married.
在等待的时候，Domitia II和Domitia III在玩儿她们的娃娃，模仿她们的姐姐要出嫁的样子。
One day, these dolls will be dedicated to the household gods on the day of their wedding.
在她们的婚礼当天，这些娃娃会被献给家庭守护神。
Okay, we're ready. The girls step into litters carried by some burly slaves.
好了，我们准备好了。女孩们走上由奴隶们抬的轿子。
They also have a chaperone with them and will be meeting an aunt at the Porticus of Livia.
她们也会有侍女随行，有位亲戚会在里维亚柱廊内和她们会合。
Carried high on the shoulders of these slaves, the girls look out through the curtains to see the crowded streets below them.
这些奴隶将轿子高举在肩上，女孩们从帷幔中偷看下方拥挤的街道。
They traverse the city, pass the Coliseum, but then turn off to climb up the hill to the Porticus of Livia.
她们会穿过城市，通过罗马竞技场，接着拐弯向山上爬去，到达里维亚柱廊。
It was built by Livia, the wife of the first emperor Augustus, on the site of the house of Vedius Pollio.
这是由开国君主奥古斯都的妻子里维亚所建造的，就在骑士Vedius Pollio的房子附近。
He wasn't such a great guy. He once tried to feed a slave to the eels in his fish pond for simply dropping a dish.
Vedius Pollio不是什么好人。有一次，只因为奴隶摔破了一个盘子，他就要把奴隶丢去鱼塘里喂鳗鱼。
Luckily, the emperor was at the dinner and tamed his temper.
幸亏国王也在这顿晚宴上，止住了他的脾气。
The litters are placed on the ground and the girls get out and arm in arm, two by two,
轿子放到了地上，女孩们出来了，手拉着手，两个两个的
they ascend the steps into the enclosed garden with many columns.
走上台阶，走进那许多石柱的封闭庭园。
Domitia III shot off and is drawing on a column.
Domitia III跑出去，正在往一个柱子上画画。
Domitia II joins her but seeks to read the graffiti higher up on the column.
Domitia II也走了过去，但是她在看刻在柱子上高处的文字。
She spots a drawing of gladiators and tries to imagine seeing them fighting,
他看到斗士的图像，然后试着想象他们打斗的样子，
something she will never be permitted to do, except from the very rear of the Coliseum.
这是永远不会允许她去做的事，除非从体育馆的很后面。
From there, she will have a good view of the 50,000 spectators but will see little by way of blood and gore.
从那里她才能看见50000名观众，但几乎看不到血腥。
If she really wanted a decent view, she could become a vestal virgin and would sit right down the front.
如果她真想看到不错的景像，她可以成为一个维斯塔贞女，这样她就可以坐在最前面。
But a career tending the sacred flame of Vesta is not to everybody's taste.
但是守护维斯塔女神的圣火并不是每个人都喜爱的工作。
Domitia I has met another ten year old also decked out in the insignia of betrothal.
Domitia I遇到了另一个10岁的女孩，她也穿戴着全套的订婚标志。
Home time. When they get there after the eighth hour, something is up.
回家时间到了。当他们在白天8点后到家的时候，有事情发生了。
A smashed dish lies on the floor.
地上有一个摔碎的盘子。
All the slaves are being gathered together in the atrium and await the arrival of their master.
所有奴隶都被集合在中廊，等待主人的到来。
Dad is going to go mad. He will not hit his children, but like many other Romans, he believes that slaves have to be punished.
父亲要发疯的。他不会打他的孩子，但像许多罗马人一样，他相信奴隶必须受惩罚。
The whip lies ready for his arrival.
鞭子已经准备好了。
No one knows who smashed the dish, but Dad will call the undertaker to torture it out of them, if he must.
谁也不知道是谁打碎了盘子。但是必要的话，父亲会叫管事人来折磨他们。
The doorkeeper opens the front door to the house. A hush comes over the anxious slaves.
看门的人把前门打开了。一片寂静笼照着焦虑的奴隶。
In walks not their master but, instead, a pregnant teenager.
但走出来的不是主人，是一个怀孕的年轻人。
It is the master's eldest daughter, age 15, who is already a veteran of marriage and child birth. Guess what her name is.
她15岁，是主人最大的女儿，她已经对结婚和生小孩了如指掌。猜猜看她的名字。
There is a five to ten percent chance she won't survive giving birth to her child, but, for now, she has come to dinner with her family.
有5%到10%的可能性她将无法活着生下她的孩子，但现在，她要来和家族吃晚餐。
As a teenage mother, she has proved that she is a successful wife by bringing children and descendants for her husband,
作为一个十几岁的母亲，她已证明自己是一个成功的妻子，为丈夫抚养孩子和后代，
who will carry on his name in the future.
这些子嗣未来会继承父亲的名字。
The family head off to the dining room and are served dinner.
全家人来到餐厅享用晚餐。
It would seem Dad has had an invite to dinner elsewhere.
似乎父亲有一个邀请，去别的地方吃饭了。
With dinner concluded, the girls crossed the atrium to bid farewell to their older sister
晚餐结束后，女孩们穿过中庭和她们的姐姐告别，
who is carried home in a litter, escorted by some of Dad's bodyguards.
姐姐会被轿子接回家，并由父亲的贴身保镖护送。
Returning to the house, the girls cross the atrium.
回到家里，女孩们走过中庭。
The slaves, young and old, male and female, await the return of their owner.
奴隶们不分男女老少，还在等他们主人回来。
When he returns, he may exact vengeance,
当他回来的时候，他有可能施暴，
ensuring his power over the slaves is maintained through violence and terror, to which any slave could be subjected.
他对奴隶的权力是通过暴力和恐怖来维持的，这会让所有奴隶都更服从。
But, for the girls, they head upstairs for the night, ready for bed.
但对女孩们来说，她们要做的就是上楼过夜，准备睡觉。