(单词翻译:单击)
Other animals are more like us than you might expect.
其他动物可能比你想的更与人类相似。
Some can recognize faces or use tools, and a puppy wagging its tail seems like it's showing some sort of emotion.
一些动物能识别面部或能够使用工具，摇尾巴的小狗像是在传达一种情感。
Or maybe you've seen videos of elephants reacting strangely to dead herd members, almost like they're mourning.
或者你可能看过关于大象的视频，它们会对死去的象群做出奇怪的反应，就好像是在哀悼一样。
But it's hard for us to know what they're really doing, and why.
但是我们难以了解它们到底在做什么并且为何这样做。
We can't know if or how animals understand death,
我们无法知道动物是否或怎样理解死亡，
but some anthropologists have come up with a basic way to define grief:
但一些人类学家提出一种定义悲伤的基本方式：
it's a change in behavior in living creatures that knew the deceased.
这是一种了解死亡的活物的行为改变。
And while this is one way to define grief in humans,
虽然这是定义人类悲伤的一种方式，
it's also a useful guideline for scientists who are trying to understand grief in non-human animals.
也是科学家尝试理解非人类动物悲伤的有效参考。
Now, these researchers are looking for behavioral changes that go beyond checking out or getting rid of a corpse,
如今，这些研究员正在寻找远超离开或丢弃尸体的行为改变，
such as an animal switching up its daily routine or showing what looks like distress.
比如一种转变日常生活或是展示悲痛的动物。
Some animals are all business, and we haven't noticed any signs of grief from them.
一些动物都是这样，并且我们并未注意到任何悲伤的迹象。
Lions, for example, will casually eat their dead companions rather than pass up some easy calories.
比如，狮子偶尔也会吃掉它们死去的同伴而非放弃补充卡路里的机会。
And for animals like bees and naked mole rats that live in dense colonies, hygiene is a big concern.
一些动物，比如生活在密集群体内的蜜蜂和裸鼹鼠，卫生是个严重的问题。
These species tend to quickly dispose of dead bodies,
这些物种易于快速吃光死尸，
or at least seal them away from the living, to avoid exposure to decay and disease.
或是至少将死尸密封于远离生活区的地方以避免腐烂和疾病。
Crows and jays, part of a bird family called corvids,
乌鸦和松鸡，部分被称为鸦科的鸟系，
gather near dead flockmates in what can almost look like a noisy wake.
聚集在死去的同伴附近像是在吵闹中唤醒同伴。
But some ornithologists think that they might just be alerting other survivors and investigating how their companion died,
但一些鸟类学者认为它们可能只是在警醒其他存活者并调查同伴的死因，
to learn about possible threats.
为的是了解可能的威胁。
With so many different responses to death,
对死亡的反应各有不同，
it can be hard to tell which species might go beyond pragmatism and experience grief.
很难辨别出哪种生物可能超越实用主义体验悲伤。
But some of the likely suspects are mammals known for their intelligence.
但是一些可能的怀疑对象是以其智力著称的哺乳动物。
Elephants have been documented to show strong reactions to the remains of their dead,
文件记录大象会对死去同伴的尸体表现出强烈的反应，
while ignoring the bodies of most other animals.
而却忽略大多数其他种类动物的尸体。
They may gently touch and investigate an elephant corpse, stay with it for days,
它们可能会轻柔的接触并调查大象的尸体，并和尸体呆上几天，
or detach the tusks and carry them up to a half a mile away.
或是拆卸下象牙并带着死尸走上半英里远。
There are even some cases where elephants covered their dead with dirt and plant matter.
在很多例子中，大象会用尘土和植物覆盖住死尸。
And none of this is really normal behavior.
这些都不是正常行为。
Elephants, apes, baboons, and dolphins have all been observed carrying dead infants for days, even as they start to decay.
据观察大象、猩猩、狒狒和海豚都会携带夭折幼崽，即使是死尸已经开始腐烂。
In fact, dolphins have been known to guard carcasses so aggressively that they've kept researchers from getting close.
事实上，海豚会激烈的保卫尸体，阻止研究员的靠近。
Captive chimpanzees have reacted to the death of a group member by becoming quiet and subdued, or vocalizing frantically.
圈养的黑猩猩通过安静和屈服行为或是疯狂的叫喊对成员的死亡做出反应。
Which kind of seems like distress.
这就有点像是悲伤。
And monkeys and lemurs have also been observed making distinct sounds, and visiting a dead body many times.
据观察，猴子和狐猴也会发出独特的声音，并多次去看死亡同伴。
So sometimes the ways in which animals react to death remind us of us. And sometimes they don't.
因此有时动物对死亡的反应会让我们想到自己。有时却不会。
It's tricky to study things like emotion and intelligence in other animals.
研究其他动物的情感和智力很困难。
But it's not too surprising that humans aren't the only species who notice when someone vanishes from our lives.
但人类并不是唯一一种留心同伴逝去的物种，这一点并不惊奇。
Thanks to our patreon on Patrons for asking!
感谢Patrons观众的提问！
If you want to learn more about all kinds of animals, from porcupines to parakeets,
如果你想了解更多关于各种动物的知识，从豪猪到长尾小鹦鹉，
check out our sister channel Animal Wonders over at youtube.com/animalwondersmontana.
登录我们的姊妹频道youtube.com/animalwondersmontana
And don't forget to go to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe!
不要忘记去youtube.com/scishow订阅我们的频道！
