(单词翻译:单击)
SciShow Space is supported by Brilliant.org.
太空科学秀由Brilliant.org赞助播出。
Last week, scientists and engineers announced two new developments in possible lunar habitats.
上周，科学家和工程师们宣布了两个可能的月球栖息地的新进展。
So if you've ever hoped to live on a barren, cold wasteland with minimal atmosphere,
因此，如果你曾经希望生活在一个贫瘠寒冷的荒地，且大气稀薄，
this Space News is going to be very exciting for you.
这则太空新闻会令你兴奋。
First, Bigelow Aerospace and United Launch Alliance, or ULA,
首先，毕格罗宇航和联合发射同盟（ULA）
announced that they'll be sending one of Bigelow's inflatable habitats, called the B330, to low-lunar orbit as early as 2022.
宣布他们最早将在2022年将名为毕格罗充气舱的B330送到低月球轨道。
The habitat would act like a lunar depot, where astronauts could live and train,
这个充气舱将充当月球航空站，供宇航员生活和训练，
and where other companies could test their space tech.
其他公司也可以在此测试他们的空间技术。
If this sounds kind of familiar,
这听起来有点儿熟悉，
it's because Bigelow has been working on inflatable space habitats for over 10 years.
因为毕格罗宇航10多年都致力于充气太空舱。
We covered their BEAM habitat last year when it was sent to the International Space Station for testing.
去年，它被送到国际空间站测试时，我们报道了它的BEAM太空舱。
BEAM is a lot like a pillowy space closet, with 16 cubic meters of volume when it's fully inflated.
BEAM很像一个枕形的太空壁橱，当它完全膨胀时，有16立方米大。
Right now, it's attached to the ISS with all kinds of monitors in it.
现在，它与里面有各种各样监视器的国际空间站相连，
to measure things like micrometeorite impacts and cosmic rays.
来测量微陨石撞击和宇宙射线之类的东西。
And so far, it's going okay!
目前为止，一切正常。
It's still intact and safe for humans to live in, and it's being used as storage.
它仍然完整安全，能供人类居住，也可以被用作仓库。
The plan is to keep it attached to the ISS for at least a couple more years to see how it holds up.
该计划是让它与国际空间站至少待几年，以观察它能否支撑下来。
The B330 habitat is basically a super-BEAM.
B330基本上就是超级版的BEAM。
When expanded, it has a volume of 330 cubic meters,
当它膨胀时，有330立方米大，
over 20 times more volume than BEAM, and it can house up to six people.
比BEAM大20多倍，可以容纳6人。
But of course we'll need to get it off Earth first, which is where ULA comes in with their Vulcan rocket.
但我们得先让它离开地球，这就需要联合发射同盟的“Vulcan”火箭了。
Vulcan is a big rocket redesign for ULA,
Vulcan是联合发射同盟重新设计的巨大火箭，
with new, super powerful boosters and a second stage called the Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage, or ACES.
使用了新的超强助推器和叫做先进通用渐进级火箭（ACES）的上面级，
It's also the only commercial rocket in development big enough to launch the B330.
它也是唯一一个大到可以发射B330的商用火箭。
But it's not done yet.
但它还未完成。
Vulcan won't be able to launch before 2019 at the earliest, and ACES won't be ready until 2023.
“Vulcan”火箭最早在2019年才能发射，ACES直到2023年才能准备好。
And ACES is essential for getting the B330 to the moon.
而ACES是让B330到月球的必要条件。
First, the inflatable habitat will spend up to a year in low-Earth orbit for tests.
首先，充气舱将在低地轨道上花费一年的时间进行测试。
Then, if everything works out, it will dock with ACES, which will push it on over to the moon!
然后，如果一切顺利的话，它将会和ACES对接，被后者送往月球！
With people in it! But it will still be a while until ACES is ready. So stay tuned!
它是载人的！但要等到ACES完成才可以。所以请继续收看！
Now, if you'd rather live in the moon instead of near it,
如果你宁愿住在月球而不是在它的附近，
you may be more interested in hunkering down in a lunar lava tube.
你可能对研究月球熔岩管里更感兴趣
Lava tubes are...well, tubes made by lava.
熔岩管就是...熔岩形成的管道。
Scientists aren't always that creative with names.
科学家们对名字没什么创新。
There are a couple ways they can form, but one way is when underground lava cools and hardens on the outside.
熔岩管形成的方式很多，一种是地下熔岩在外面冷却变硬。
Then, the lava inside drains out and leaves behind a tube.
然后，里面的熔岩耗尽，留下一条管道。
We've suspected there are lava tubes on the moon for a while,
我们有一段时间怀疑月球上有熔岩管，
because we know it had lots of volcanic activity early in its history
因为我们知道它早期有很多火山活动，
but now we're pretty confident they're actually there!
但现在我们相当确定它的存在！
Back in 2009, researchers found an unexplained hole in the Marius Hills,
回到2009年，研究人员在马利厄斯丘陵上发现了未知的洞穴，
a region of the moon covered in volcanic rock and peaks from hardened lava.
马利厄斯丘陵是一个覆盖着火山岩的区域，顶峰是硬化的熔岩。
And in 2014, more research confirmed that the so-called Marius Hills Hole was an opening into some kind of long cavern,
2014年，更多的研究确认了所谓的马利厄斯山洞连通几种长洞穴，
so, possibly a lava tube!
所以，它可能是一个熔岩管！
But we still didn't know how far underground or how tall it was.
但我们不知道它深入地下多远，或它有多高。
Then, last week, a team from JAXA, the Japanese space agency, confirmed it:
上周，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构的一个团队确认了它：
The Marius Hills Hole leads to at least one lava tube!
马利厄斯山洞连通至少一个熔岩管！
They used data from radio sounding, basically radar, to find that the tube, or tubes,
他们使用无线电，基本上是雷达探测的数据来寻找管道，
start about 75 meters underground, and are around 75 meters tall.
管道从地下75米开始，大约75米高。
Now, a big hole on the moon may not sound that exciting,
现在，月球上有一个大洞可能听起来不那么令人兴奋了，
but it would actually make a really great place to live.
但它确是制造了生活的好地方。
See, our atmosphere on Earth is awesome.
看看，我们地球的大气多么了不起。
It protects us from high energy radiation, keeps us all warm and cozy at night,
它保护我们免受高能辐射，使我们在夜晚感到温暖舒适，
and burns up the meteorites that try to kill us.
并把那些试图杀我们的陨石烧掉。
Well, most of them. Sorry, non-avian dinosaurs.
大部分是这样，但对不住了，非鸟类的恐龙。
The moon, on the other hand, has a really thin atmosphere that's not very useful.
然而月球上大气非常稀薄，没什么作用。
So, even with spacesuits on, astronauts would be exposed to potentially dangerous cosmic rays.
所以，宇航员即使穿着宇航服，也会暴露在潜在危险的宇宙射线之下。
And a long-term habitat on the moon's surface would be vulnerable to meteorites and freezing temperatures.
而月球表面的长期栖息地很容易受到陨石和冰点温度的影响。
We could overcome all those engineering challenges,
我们可以克服所有的工程挑战，
but an underground moon base would solve those problems with much less work.
但一个地下月球基地将会用更少的工作来解决这些问题。
Rock, especially dense rock like volcanic basalt, is really good at filtering out cosmic rays.
岩石，特别是像火山玄武岩那样致密的岩石，非常擅长过滤宇宙射线。
It also traps heat in. and if it's thick enough, provides shielding against meteorites.
它还能吸收热量，如果足够厚的话，还能屏蔽陨石。
So scientists looking at moon colonization are big fans of lava tubes as potential real estate.
因此，研究月球殖民的科学家们是熔岩管的大粉丝，它们是潜在的房地产。
And now, thanks to this new research,
多亏这项新研究，
we know there's at least one tube big enough for astronauts to live in.
我们知道至少有一个足够大的熔岩管供宇航员生活。
We'd just need to figure out what sort of housing to put inside them.
我们只需要弄清楚放进去的是什么样的房子。
But like some scientists have pointed out,
但正如一些科学家指出的那样，
an inflatable habitat in a lava tube might be a great idea.
熔岩管里放充气舱是个好主意。
So someday, maybe Bigelow Aerospace will also start an underground moon base.
终有一天，或许毕格罗宇航也会创立地下月球基地。
And then we'd all be living in a James Bond movie!
然后我们都生活在詹姆斯·邦德的电影里了！
Lava tubes are pretty sweet on their own,
熔岩管本身就不错，
but the technology scientists use to find them can be used for other tunnels as well.
但技术科学家发现它们也可以用于其他隧道。
You can learn more about similar tubes here on earth with Brilliant's Oil Prospecting quiz,
利用Brilliant的石油勘探测试，我们可以了解更多地球上类似的管道，
which takes you through how gravitational anomalies are used to locate oil deposits in the ground.
让你熟悉重力异常如何用于地面定位油藏。
So since we're going to take a quiz, let's go to the SciShow Quiz Show set to check it out.
因为我们要做测试，我们进入太空秀的智力竞赛节目来看看。
So I don't actually know anything about oil prospecting,
我对石油勘探并不了解，
so I'm going to kinda back up in the lesson so I can learn more before diving into this part of the quiz.
所以我要回到课程上来，这样我就能在测试之前学到更多的知识。
So this oil prospecting lesson's really cool because it's not anything I ever would have thought about.
所以这个石油勘探课很酷，因为它出乎我的意料。
They're using calculations that we use to talk about planets to talk about the stuff that's under the ground in the earth.
它们利用我们讨论行星的计算来讨论地球底下的物质。
So based on what I read before in the lead up to this part of the question I think the answer is, "It's The Same."
所以根据我之前读到的这个问题的线索，我认为答案是，“是一样的。”
And I got it right!
我答对了！
So you'll always learn a lot with Briliant.org but it is definitely not over your head.
所以你会经常在Briliant.org上学到很多东西，但绝对不会超出你的理解。
There's always lots of information that you can unpack to help you figure out the quizzes.
总是有很多信息可以帮你解开这些谜题。
I think it is really fun to get sucked into the world they create with each lesson
我认为沉浸在它们的每一堂课中很有趣，
and I think you'll like it too.
你也会喜欢的。
So if you want to check it out and help SciShow Space, you can go to Brilliant.org/scishowspace
所以如果你想要看看它并帮助太空科学秀，可以登陆Brilliant.org/scishowspace。
and the first 200 people that check it out will get 20% off of their annual subscription.
前200名可享有8折的年订阅费。
So thanks!
感谢您的收看！
