Hi there. My name is Emma, and in today's video I am going to teach you about how to write about processes.
大家好，我是爱玛。今天的视频我将教大家如何写过程。
So, if you are taking the IELTS, this video is very important for writing task 1.
因此，如果你要考雅思的话，这个视频对写作一很重要。
If you're not taking the IELTS, you can learn a lot in this video,
如果你不用考雅思，你也能从中学到许多。
because we will be covering some very important grammar and some very important vocabulary that you can use in your everyday life also. Okay?
因为我们会涵盖很多日常生活中会用到的重要的语法和词汇。好吗？
So, if you're taking the IELTS, this video is great for you; and if you're not taking the IELTS, this video is also very good for you.
如果你要考雅思，这个视频对你很有用；如果不用考雅思，这个视频也对你很有用。
Okay, so first of all: What is a process?
好的，首先，什么是过程？
Okay, well, so, if you are doing the IELTS, there are two different writing components: task 1 and task 2.
如果你要考雅思，就会有两部分的写作：写作一和写作二。
Sometimes you will get some pictures and you have to write about them on the IELTS.So, these pictures show a process.
有时候雅思考试会给你几张图片然后让你写关于图片的内容。因此，这些照片展现了一个过程。

So, a process is pretty much showing different stages or steps on how something is made, or how something works, or how it's created or produced. Okay?
一个过程几乎就是展示一件东西完成的不同阶段或步骤，或者说是东西是怎么奏效的，怎么创造的或生产的。懂吗？
So, the key thing here is that you're looking at different stages on how something is made, created, or produced.Processes can be natural or they can be man-made.
关键点在于你要观察东西在制作、创造或生产的不同阶段。过程可以是自然的，也可以是人造的。
So, for natural, if you can imagine in science you might learn about how photosynthesis works with plants. Okay?
因此，关于自然的，如果你能想象一下科学，你就会知道植物是怎么光合作用的。好吗？
You might learn about how mushrooms grow. Okay?How animals mate.These are all processes.
你可能会知道蘑菇是怎么长的，好吗？动物是怎么交配的。这些都是过程。
In terms of man-made, an example of a process would be how concrete is made, or even how chocolate is created and produced.Okay?
在人造方面，一个关于过程的例子就是混凝土的制作，或者是巧克力的创造和生产。好吗？
So, on the IELTS, you might, because there are different versions of the test...
所以在考雅思的时候，由于有很多种的考试类型...
You may have to look at some pictures and describe a process, and describe what is happening in this picture.
你可能需要看几张图片来描述一个过程，描述图片里发生了什么。
So, I've drawn a very simple process-okay? -and this is the process of taking the IELTS.Okay?
所以，我画了一个十分简单的过程。考雅思的过程。好吗？
So, in my picture, I have a student here, and they're at their computer studying different videos and different things to help them prepare for the IELTS.
在我的图片里，有一个学生，他们在电脑前学习不同的视频和不同的东西来帮助他们准备雅思考试。
So, this is my first stage or my first step.
所以，这是我的第一个阶段或者说是步骤。
The second step in my process is actually taking the IELTS, and the final step is the student looking very happy, saying: "I got a great score." Okay?
我过程的第二步就是进行雅思考试，最后一步就是学生看起来很开心，说着：“我考了个好分数。”好吗？
Because they studied a lot and they practiced a lot.
因为他们学习了很久，做了很多练习。
So, on the IELTS, you will not get something like this that's this simple.
在雅思考试里，你不会碰见像这么简单的东西。
It'd be great if you did, but usually the processes are more complicated. They're more complex.
如果碰见了那很好，但是通常过程会更复杂。它们会更复杂。
You might have 10 pictures of something like how to make coffee.
你也许会有10张展示怎么制作咖啡的图片。
But the key here is you will see a bunch of pictures, and you need to figure out where the pictures start and where they finish.
但是关键是你会看见一对图片，你需要搞明白图片从哪里开始从哪里结束。
What is the final product? Okay?
最终的产品是什么？好吗？
So in this case, the beginning is watching this video, and the end is getting a high score on the IELTS.Okay?
所以如果是这种情况，开始就是看这个视频，结果就是雅思拿了高分。好吗？
In making coffee, maybe the first process is getting the beans.Maybe the last process is actually drinking a cup of coffee. Okay?
制作咖啡的话，最初的过程是拿到豆子。也许最后的过程是喝咖啡，好吗？
So it's good when you see a diagram to figure out: Where's the beginning, and where's the end?
所以如果你能有一张表格来弄明白的话那很好：哪里是开始，哪里是结尾？
And also thinking about: Is it natural or a man-made process?
而且想想这个：这是自然的还是人造的过程？
Okay, so if you are taking the IELTS and you get a bunch of pictures in the writing section, a couple key things here.
如果你参加雅思考试，写作部分碰上了一堆图片，那么以下就是给你的关键信息。
You will have to write 150 words where you describe the pictures. Okay?And you have 20 minutes to do this.
你需要用150个字来来描述这些图片。用20分钟完成它。
So, what you pretty much need to do is summarize what is happening in the picture.
你正需要做的就是总结图片里发生了什么。
So, you're just reporting the main features, you're summarizing what you see.
你需要描述主要的特征，总结你所看到的。
You are not giving your opinion. Okay?You do not say what you think about the process.
你不需要发表意见。明白吗？你不要说自己对这个过程的看法。
All you need to do on the IELTS is say what you see and describe it. Okay?You're also not adding information.
雅思考试中你所需要做的就是描述你的所见。懂吗？你也不能增加信息。
If you know about, for example, how to make a cup of coffee and you have to describe this process, maybe you have a lot of information you know about this.
例如，如果你知道怎么制作一杯咖啡，需要描述这个过程，也许你了解关于此的很多信息。
But if you don't see it in the pictures, you don't write about it. Okay?
但是你没有在图片里看见的话就不能写。明白吗？
So, in this video, I am going to teach you about sequencers, which can really help your mark; as well as grammar, the passive voice,
因此，在这个视频里，我会教你定序器，这可以帮你做标记；还有语法，被动语态，
which is something we use a lot when we are describing processes.So, let's look at those features now.
这些都会在描述过程中经常用到。所以我们来看看这些特征吧。
Okay. So, in this video, I'm not going to tell you about how to write your introduction, but I just wanted to be clear:
在这个视频里，我会教你怎么写介绍，但是我想让你明白：
It's very important that you have about maybe two sentences to introduce what the process is.
用两个句子来介绍过程是很重要的。
In your introduction, you can talk about how many steps or stages there are, and you can also say what the image, or the diagram, or the illustration is showing.
在你的介绍里，你可以说到有多少步骤和阶段，还可以说图片，图表或者图解说明了什么。
What is the process?
什么是过程？
One really important thing that you should include when you're describing a process, whether you're writing the IELTS or just in general, is you should include sequencers.
在你描述过程中十分需要包含的东西就是不管在考雅思还是平常的时候，都要把顺序包括在内。
Sequencers help us understand the order of something.So, it helps us understand what is first, second, third, fourth, and so on.
定序器帮助我们理解东西的顺序。它帮助我们理解什么第一，什么第二、第三、第四等等。
So, you know which...The different stages.So, we have here a bunch of sequencers. Okay?And I also have here...Can you guess what this is?
因此你就知道不同的阶段了。所以我们有一堆定序器。我这里也有...你猜这是什么？
This is a sandwich. Okay?I'm not the best artist, so I apologize, but here is my picture of a sandwich.
这是个三明治。抱歉，我不是最好的艺术家，但是这里我有一张三明治的图片。
So, I'm going to describe how to make a sandwich using these sequencers. Okay?
我要用这些定序器来描述怎么制作三明治。
So: "First of all," is a great one to use at the beginning.
"First of all" 很适合用在开头。
This is great on the IELTS, or also: "The first step" or "The first stage is..."
用在雅思考试里很好，或者说"The first step" 或 "The first stage is..."
These are great to begin with-okay? -when you're describing a process.
它们用来开头很棒。当你描述一个过程的时候。
So, I could say: "First of all, we take a bun or a slice of bread."Okay? So this is bread.
所以我可以说：“首先，我们拿一个圆面包或者一片面包。”好吗？所以这就是面包。
"First of all, we take a slice of bread.", "The first step is we take a slice of bread.","The first stage is we take a slice of bread."
“首先，我们拿一片面包。” “第一步，我们拿一片面包。”“第一步先拿一片面包。”
We can use the word "step" or "stage" when we're describing a process.Okay: "Next", this is another sequencer.
我们可以在描述过程的时候用“步骤”或者“阶段”。“接下来”是另一个定序器。
"Next, we put down the pickles on top of the bun", if you like pickles.If you don't like pickles, you don't put them on.
“接下来，我们把腌黄瓜放在圆面包上”，如果你喜欢腌黄瓜的话。如果你不喜欢腌黄瓜的话可以不放。
But in this case, in this sandwich, we put the pickles on the bun.
但是以防万一，在这个三明治里，我们把腌黄瓜放在圆面包上。
"Then, we put the meat on top of the pickles. After that, we put some lettuce on top of the meat."
“然后，我们把肉放在腌黄瓜上。接下来，我们把生菜放在肉上面。”
We can also say: "In the next stage" or "In the next step", that's also possible. Okay.
我们也可以说：“下一阶段”或“下一步”，这也是可以的。好的。
"Next, we add tomatoes. Finally, we add the top slice of bread, and then we have our sandwich."
“接下来，我们放西红柿。最后，我们在顶部放一片面包，三明治就做好了。”
Or I can say: "In the final step, we add a slice of bread.""In the final stage, we add a slice of bread." Okay?
或者我可以说：“最后一步，我们加上一片面包。”“最后一个阶段，我们加上一片面包。”明白吗？
Before we have finished making our sandwich, maybe we can put...Oh, well, I guess that doesn't work.
在我们完成三明治制作前，也许我们可以把...好吧，我猜这个用不了。
Maybe we can put something on top, like an olive. Okay?
也许我们可以在顶上放点东西，比如说橄榄。
"After we finish making our sandwich, we can eat in and enjoy it." Okay.
“在我们完成三明治制作后，我们就可以愉快的吃它了。”
Or I could say: "Once we've finished making our sandwich", and notice the "ing", "making".
我也可以说：“一旦我们做完了三明治”，注意这个"ing"，"making"。
"Once we finished making our sandwich, we can enjoy it."
“ 一旦我们做完了三明治，我们就可以吃了。”
Okay? So, these are called sequencers, and they're very good to use when you're describing a process.
好吗？所以这些被称为定时器，而且它们在描述过程时十分好用。
So, if you're taking the IELTS, this will help you with your organization mark.
所以你在考雅思的时候，这可以帮你的组织标记。
Okay? So, very, very important that you use some of these.
能用这些词真的十分重要。
You don't have to use all of them, but you should be using some of them when you describe a process.
你不需要用所有的，但是你在描述一个过程的时候应该会使用一些。
Next, let's look at the grammar of describing a process.
接下来，让我们来看看描述过程的语法。
Okay, so when you are describing a process it's very, very important to use the passive voice. Okay?
当你描述过程的时候，被动语态的使用十分重要。
You can use other verb tenses, too, but the most common is going to be the passive voice.
你可以用其它的动词时态，但是最通常的是被动语态。
So, what is the passive voice?Okay. So, I have here two...Sorry. I have here two sentences.
所以什么是被动语态呢？所以我有两个...抱歉。我这里有两个句子。
One of them is called the passive voice, the other one is the active voice.My two sentences are: "I make a cup of tea." and "A cup of tea is made."
其中一个是被动语态，另一个是主动语态。我的两个句子是：“我泡了一杯茶。”和“一杯茶被泡好了。”
Now, I want you to look at these two sentences.What are some of the differences between them?
现在，你们看看这两个句子。它们之间有什么区别？
Well, one thing you might notice is this has "I" in it. "I make a cup of tea."
你会注意到其中之一是里面含有"我"。“我泡了一杯茶。”
Whereas this one, we don't actually know who made the cup of tea.
而另一个，我们事实上不知道茶是谁泡的。
So, you'll notice that when...This is active, by the way, and this is passive.In the active voice, the person is not important. Okay?
所以，你会注意到...这是主动语态，而那个是被动语态。在主动语态中，人并不重要。懂吗？
The person doing the action isn't...Oh, sorry. The opposite, sorry.In the active voice, the person is important.
做这个行为的人不...哦，抱歉。说反了，抱歉。在主动语态里，人很重要。
"I make a cup of tea."Who made the cup of tea? I made the cup of tea.
“我泡了一杯茶。”谁泡了一杯茶？我泡了一杯茶。
Now, this is very different from the passive voice, where we don't actually know who made the cup of tea; or if we do know, it's not important who made the cup of tea. Okay?
现在，被动语态非常不一样，我们不知道谁泡的茶；或者说谁泡的茶不重要。懂吗？
So that's one major difference.You'll also notice with the verb.The verb themself-...The verbs themselves are different, too.
所以这是主要区别。你还需要注意动词。动词本身就有区别。
Here, we have the simple present: "I make", whereas if you look down here, we have: "is" and "made".
我们有很简单的现在进行时："I make"，而你看看那里，我们说的是："is" 和 "made"。
So, when we use the active voice, we're just using, you know, simple present, simple past.
当我们用主动语态的时候，我们只用简单的现在进行时，一般过去时。
We can pretty much use any tense. But you'll notice, there is no "be" verb.
我们可以使用任何时态，但是你会注意到不会用"be" 动词。
Whereas, here: "A cup of tea is", we have the "be" verb, and "made", we have a past participle.
反之，"A cup of tea is"里我们用了be动词，还有"made"，过去分词。
So, the construction of the two sentences is different. Okay?
所以，这两个句子的结构是不一样的。明白吗？
So, if you're wondering what the rule is: For the passive, we have an object.
所以，如果你好奇规则是什么的话：被动语态中有宾语。
In this case our object is "a cup of tea".We have the "be" verb, so in this case, "is" is the "be" verb.It can also be: "was" or "has been", or "will be".
这个情况下，我们的宾语是一杯茶。我们的be动词，在这个情况下，"is" 就是be动词。也可以是 "was" 或 "has been"，或者是 "will be"。
When I say: "'be' verb", it's a form of the verb "be"-okay? -depending on what tense you're talking in.
当我说：be动词的时候是指动词be的一种形式，好吗？取决于你用的是什么时态。
So, usually for processes...If you're, like, getting really nervous or confused by this grammar,
所以通常就过程而言...如果你对语法感到十分紧张困惑，
key here is the word "is" if you're talking about now, or "was" if you're talking about in the past. Okay?
关键就是谈到现在时"is"这个词，谈过去就是"was"这个词。懂吗？
So, on the IELTS, usually "is" and "was" is the main things to know.
所以在雅思考试中，通常"is" 和 "was"是主要该知道的事。
So, you have the object, the "be" verb, and the past participle.So, the past participle in this case is "made". Okay?
所以，你有了宾语，be动词，以及过去分词。过去分词在这个情况下是"made"。
So, "made" is the past participle of "make".So, let's think of another example.Imagine I...Well, this is true.
"made"是"make"的过去分词。让我们再举个例子。想象我...好吧，这是真的。
I had a bike, and I really loved my bike.Someone stole my bike.Okay? Very sad, but someone stole my bike.So: "Someone stole my bike." That's active.
我有一辆自行车，而且我真的很喜欢我的自行车。有人偷了我的车。我非常伤心有人偷了我的车。所以：“有人偷了我的车。”这是主动语态。
If I want to change this into the passive, we don't know who did it, and what's really important to me is the fact that the bike was stolen.
如果我想把它变成被动语态，我们不知道是谁干的，而真正重要的是自行车被偷了的事实。
So, the passive would be: "My bike"-which is the object-"was stolen"."Stolen" is the past participle of "steal". Okay?
所以被动语态就是：我的自行车（宾语）被偷了。"Stolen"是 "steal"的过去分词。
So, we're going to do a lot of practice with this.So, don't worry if, you know, you're really confused by the passive.
我们需要对此进行很多练习。所以别担心，如果你真的对被动语态感到很困惑的话。
We're going to do some more practice questions with this.
我们可以做更多关于这个的问题练习。
But the key point here is when you're describing a process, it's very, very good to use the passive voice, not the active voice,
但是重点就是当你描述一个过程的时候，用被动语态很合适，而不是主动语态，
because you're usually...What's usually important is what's happening, not who's doing it. Usually.
因为你通常...通常重要的是发生了什么事，而不是谁干的。通常来讲。
Okay, so I want you to imagine...So we're going to do some practice now.
所以我要你们想象...我们现在来做一些练习。
I want you to imagine you want to tell someone how to make a cup of tea. Okay?
我要你们想象一下你要告诉别人怎么泡一杯茶。好吗？
I love drinking tea, so I think this is a great example of a process.So, the kettle is what you put the water in, and you boil. Okay?
我喜欢喝茶，所以我觉得这是个描述过程的好例子。你往茶壶里加水，然后烧开。
So the kettle is where the water goes.So, if we wanted to describe the process of making a cup of tea, we might start with the kettle.
茶壶就是用来盛水的东西。如果你要描述泡茶的过程，我们最好从茶壶开始说起。
What do we do with the kettle?Well, we fill it with cold water. Okay?So, we put cold water into the kettle.
我们用茶壶来干啥？我们用它装凉水。我们把凉水装进茶壶。
Now, how could we make this into the passive voice?What's a passive voice sentence we could use?"The kettle '''_ with cold water."
现在我们怎么把它变成被动语态呢？我们能用什么被动语态的句子呢？"茶壶 '''_装着冷水。"
Well, the first thing we know is we need to have our "be" verb somewhere.
我们首先知道我们需要把be动词放在某个地方。
And we're talking about the present, we're talking about a process that still happens today.
当我们说到现在进行时，我们是指一个现在还在发生的过程。
So, let's put: "The kettle is", so we have our "be" verb, and now we need a past participle.
让我们说："The kettle is"，里面就有be动词了，现在需要一个过去分词。
Let's say the kettle...We fill a kettle, so what's the past participle of "fill"? "Filled".
我们说茶壶...我们装满茶壶，fill的过去分词是什么？是"Filled"。
So, we can say: "The kettle is filled with cold water."
所以我们可以说：“茶壶被凉水装满了。”
First step. If I wanted to add a sequencer here, that would make the sentence even better.
第一步。如果我们要在这里加一个定序器的话，会让句子更好。
I could say: "The first step is where the kettle is filled with cold water."
我可以说：“第一步就是让茶壶装上凉水。”
Or: "First of all, the kettle is filled with cold water."Okay, what's the second step?
或者：“首先，让茶壶装上凉水。”好的，那么第二步是什么？
Well..."The kettle '''_ on the stove top." Okay?What do you think we do with a kettle?We would put the kettle on the stove.
“茶壶”“在炉子上。”你觉得我们用茶壶来干什么？我们把茶壶放在炉子上。
So, if we wanted to put that in the passive voice, again we need our "be" verb, so we'll put "is", and then we can put a verb here in the past participle.
所以如果我们用被动语态的话，我们需要用be动词，用is，然后我们就能把动词的过去分词形式用在这里。
"The kettle is put on the stove." or "The kettle is placed on the stove." We can also say that. Okay.So these are both par-...Past participles.
我们可以说"The kettle is put on the stove." 或者 "The kettle is placed on the stove."所以这些都是过去分词。
Now, what about if, you know, we were using many kettles at the same time?
如果我们同时用了很多茶壶呢？
And so, we had an "s" here, and we were talking about many kettles.Would this still stay as "is"? No.
我们需要加"s"，因为我们说的是很多茶壶。那么还是用"is"吗？不是的。
When we're talking about plural, "kettles" has an "s" and it's plural, so this would actually turn into "are": "The kettles are put on the stove top."
当我们说到复数的时候，"kettles"带有一个 "s"，这就是复数，所以应该变成“are”："The kettles are put on the stove top."
"The kettle"-because there's only one-"is filled with cold water."Okay, so what's another step in the making of tea?
"The kettle"只有一个，"is filled with cold water."所以，泡茶的另一个步骤是什么？
In this case: "A cup and teabag '''_ from the cupboard."So, I take a cup and a teabag from the cupboard.
在这个情况下：“一个杯子和茶包”“从碗柜里。”所以，我从碗柜里拿出一个杯子和一个茶包。
So, how can I make this into the passive voice?Well, "A cup and teabag"...So how many things do we have here?
我怎么把它变成被动语态呢？“一个杯子和茶包”...我们有多少东西了？
We have a cup and a teabag, so that's two, so we would use the verb "are".
我们又一个杯子，一个茶包，所以是两个东西，因此我们要用动词“are”。
So, they are "taken from the cupboard".We take the cup and the teabag from the cupboard.
因此，它们是“被碗柜中拿出来。”我们把杯子和茶包从碗柜中拿出来。
"The cup and teabag are taken from the cupboard."So, again, we have our "be" verb and our past participle.
“杯子和茶包被从碗柜中拿了出来。”因此，我们有了“be”动词和过去分词。
In terms of past participles, these are things you just need to memorize.
在过去分词方面，你需要记住一些东西。
Logically, sometimes, you know...Sometimes you'll see "ed", sometimes you'll see "en", so they have different endings.
逻辑上来说，有时候你会看见"ed"，有时候是 "en"，所以它们有着不同的结尾。
So the best thing to do is find a past participle list, and memorize it for the words that you use a lot.Like "take".
所以最好就是找到一张过去分词的列表，然后把常用的词记住。比如说“take”。
"Take" is a common word. "Taken", that's the past participle. Okay.
"Take"是个常见词。"Taken"就是它的过去分词。
So, there are many more stages to making a cup of tea, but we're going to end in the middle of making the tea.
因此，泡茶的步骤有很多，但是我们会停在泡茶的过程中间。
So, this is our last stage we're going to talk about."Once the water boils, it is poured into a cup."
这是我们会谈论到的最后一个步骤。“一旦水烧开了，就把它倒入杯子里。”
So, we can use this in the past participle: "is boiled"."Once the water is boiled, it is poured into a cup."
我们可以用过去分词："is boiled"。“一旦水烧开了，就把它倒入杯子里。”
So, this is not the final stage. Okay.In the final stage, we drink the tea. Okay?
所以这是最后一步。最后一个步骤，我们喝茶。
So, again, very important to use this type of grammar when you're writing about processes,
所以，再申明一遍，在写关于过程的时候，使用这种类型的语法十分重要，
especially on the IELTS because they want to see that you are...You know different types of grammar.
尤其是在雅思考试中，因为他们想看到你的多种语法形式。
You have a range of grammar. Okay?
你掌握着一系列的语法。
And so this can help show the range of grammar, and that you know the appropriate grammar to use when you are describing a process.
所以这可以帮你展示一系列的语法，还有当你描述一个过程时了解该用什么合适的语法。
So, let's look at one other tip on how to do processes.
让我们再看看描述过程时其它的窍门。
Okay, so, so far I have talked about sequencers and the grammar of writing about processes.
目前为止我们谈到了定序器还有描述过程的语法。
Now, I want to talk a little bit about the IELTS, and something you really shouldn't do when you write the IELTS,
现在我想谈谈关于雅思考试你真的不该做的事，
especially...Well, with processes or anything, but here is an example of a question on the IELTS that has to do with processes.
尤其是...在过程或者其它东西中，但是这里有雅思考试里关于过程的一些问题。
Now, here in this question you don't actually see a diagram, but usually there would be images or a diagram of a process.
这些问题你通常不会在图表里看见，但是通常会有图片或是过程的图表。
So, the question is: "The diagram below shows the process of making a cup of tea.
问题就是：“下图中展示的泡茶过程。
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features."So, this is the type of question you'll get. Okay?
通过挑选和陈述主要特征来总结信息。”这就是你会碰上的问题类型。
It might be: "The diagram below shows photosynthesis" or "The diagram below shows how concrete is made."
也许会是：“下图展示了光合作用”或“下图展示了混凝土的制作。”
Okay? So, it might be man-made, it might be natural.
所以，这可能是人造物品，也可能是自然事物。
Now, what a lot of students do is they see this, and they decide to write their introduction, and they copy the words from here into their introduction.
现今，有很多学生是这么做的，他们决定写介绍的时候直接照抄这些话。
So they read this, and then they start their answer with: "The diagram below shows the process of making a cup of tea."
所以它们看起来是这样的，他们是这么开头的：“下图展示了泡茶的过程。”
You should not copy the question words.
你不应该照抄问题的原话。
Okay? It's very important that you paraphrase, that you use your own words in your first sentence.
意译，首句用自己的话是非常重要的。
So, if this was the question I had, a couple things I might do is, instead of using the word "diagram", I might use the word: "illustration", or "image", "images". Okay?
因此，如果这是我碰见的问题，我可能会这么做，相比用"diagram"这个词而言，我可能会用"illustration"，或是 "image"，"images"。
And instead of using the word "shows", I'd use a different verb.
我会用另一个动词，而不是"shows"。
So, instead of: "The diagram shows", I would say: "The illustration demonstrates" or "The diagram illustrates". Okay?
代替 "The diagram shows"，我会说"The illustration demonstrates"或 "The diagram illustrates"。
So, it's good to change the language, and this is one of the easier ways to do it, is change the verb.
换个说话比较好，而且最简单的方法就是改变动词。
If they use "show", use "demonstrates" or "illustrates". Okay?
如果他们用 "show"，你就用 "demonstrates" 或 "illustrates"。明白吗？
And if you can, instead of the word "diagram", use the word "illustration" or "images". Okay?
如果你可以做到的话，你要用"illustration" 或 "images"代替"diagram"，明白吗？
Another thing a lot of students do is they would copy the rest of it: "The process of making a cup of tea".
还有一件大多数学生都会做的事就是他们会照抄剩下的部分：“The process of making a cup of tea”。
You can also change this around.So, in my example, I put: "The diagram illustrates how a cup of tea is made."
你也可以对此做些改变。我举个例子，我会这么说："The diagram illustrates how a cup of tea is made."
So, I've changed it from the active voice to the passive voice.You don't have to do that.
所以我把主动语态改成了被动语态。你不一定非得这样。
My main point here is: Don't copy the instructions.Use your own words in your introduction. Okay?
我的重点是：不要照抄说明。在介绍中使用你自己的语言。
Another tip that's very important when you're describing processes is: Take a couple of minutes to actually look at what's happening.
另一个窍门在你描述过程时非常重要：花几分钟来看看发生了什么吧。
A lot of students, they start writing, but they don't actually understand the pictures they're looking at.
很多学生写的时候都没看懂图片。
So, take a moment to figure out: Where does the process start, what happens, and where does it end?
所以你需要花几分钟来弄明白过程在哪里开始的，发生了什么，在哪里结束的。
What is the final product?How many stages are there? How many steps? Okay?
最终产品是什么？有多少个阶段？多少个步骤？明白吗？
So it's important to ask yourself some questions before you start writing to make sure you really understand what the pictures are showing you, and what the illustration is showing you.
所以在开始写作前要问自己几个问题来确保自己弄明白了图片内容，这很重要，还有图解说明了什么。
So, I hope you've enjoyed this video.I know the IELTS, for a lot of students, is very stressful and scary thing.
我希望你喜欢这个视频。我明白对于大部分学生来说雅思考试是一件压力很大的，可怕的事情。
So, I'd like to invite you to come visit our website at www. engvid. com, and there you can do a quiz to practice what we've talked about in this video,
所以，我想邀请你访问我们的网站www. engvid. com，你可以做一些我们在视频里聊到的小测试来进行练习，
as well as there's other videos on IELTS and on English in general.
还可以观看其它关于雅思考试及日常英语的视频。
So, I highly recommend that you come visit our website and check those out.Until next time, take care and good luck.
我向你们强烈推荐我们的网站，然后看看这些。下次见，保重，祝你好运。