Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you some key words you can use when you talk about how things are the same or similar.
大家好，我是Emma，在今天的视频里，我要教你们一些在描述相同或相似的事物时可以用的一些关键词。
Okay? So when you compare two things, when you're comparing apples and oranges, there are some similarities-- they're both fruits.
当你们比较两个东西，当你们比较苹果和橘子时，它们是有一些相似之处的——它们都是水果。
When you're comparing shopping to skiing, when you're comparing a city to a country or the countryside,
当你们比较购物和滑雪，比较都市和乡村时，
there is a certain language we like to use when we're saying how these things are similar or the same.
我们在描述它们如何相似或相同时有一些习惯用的语言。
In this video, I'm going to teach you a bunch of expressions you can use when comparing two things to show their similarities.
在这个视频里，我要教你们一些比较两个事物，指出它们的相似之处时可以用的表达。
Okay? So this video is called "Talking about similarities".
知道了吗？所以这个视频的题目就是“描述相似之处”。

So for this video, I decided I wanted to do a theme, I wanted to look at how Canada and England are similar, in what ways are they very much alike.
对于这个视频，我决定要做一个主题，我想讨论一下加拿大和英国如何相似，它们在哪些方面非常相像。
Okay? So each of my sentences are going to have to do with Canada and England, and we're going to look at how they're alike using these comparison words.
所以今天我的每个句子都会和加拿大以及英国有关，我们会用这些比较性词语来讲一讲它们如何相像。
So for those of you watching, if you are doing the TOEFL, these words are essential.
对观看这个视频的各位来说，如果你们要参加托福考试，这些词语至关重要。
If you are doing the IELTS, very important vocabulary here.
如果要参加雅思考试，你们在这里会学到非常重要的词汇。
General English, you can use these at university for essays, college, or even just general conversation, so let's get started.
对一般的英语学习者来说，你们在大学里写论文或者甚至在一般对话中都可以用上这些词语，那我们开始吧。
Okay. So how are Canada and England the same?
好了，那么加拿大和英国在哪些方面是一样的呢？
Well, I would say, first of all, "Both Canada and England have a queen.", "Both Canada and England have Queen Elizabeth."
首先我要说："Both Canada and England have a queen."（加拿大和英国都有一个女王），"Both Canada and England have Queen Elizabeth."（加拿大和英国的女王都是伊丽莎白二世）。
So one word we often use when we're talking about similarities is this word, "both".
所以讲到相似点时我们经常用到的一个单词就是这个："both"（二者都）。
Okay? "Both Canada and England have a queen.", "Both Canada and England have trees.", "Both Canada and England have cities."
我们可以说："Both Canada and England have a queen."（加拿大和英国都有一个女王）， "Both Canada and England have trees."（加拿大和英国都有树），"Both Canada and England have cities."（加拿大和英国都有城市）。
Okay? So there are a lot of different things you can compare, this is just one of them.Now, I want to say why I wrote the word "beginning" here.
看到了吗？所以你们可以对比很多不同的事物，这只是其中一个。现在，我想讲一下我为什么要在这里写上"beginning"（开头）这个词。
"Both" often comes at the beginning of a sentence, and notice how the construction is, we have both A and B.
"both"通常都用在一个句子的开头，还有注意一下句子结构："both A and B"。
Another example, "Both cats and dogs are animals.", "Both hamsters and mice are rodents."
另一个例子： "Both cats and dogs are animals."（猫和狗都是动物）， "Both hamsters and mice are rodents."（仓鼠和老鼠都是啮齿目动物）。
Okay? So we use this a lot when we're comparing.
我们在进行比较的时候经常用到这个单词。
We can also say "like", in this case, we're not saying, "I like Canada" or "I like"...you know, showing preference, we're again showing similarity.
我们也可以说"like"，在这里，我们的用法不是像"I like Canada"之类的作为动词表示偏好，而是用来表示相似点。
"Like Canada, England has many immigrants."
"Like Canada, England has many immigrants."（像加拿大一样，英国也有很多移民）。
Canada has many immigrants, England has many immigrants, "Like Canada, England has many immigrants."
加拿大有很多移民，英国有很多移民，所以就可以写成："Like Canada, England has many immigrants."。
And again, you'll notice "like" is at the beginning of the sentence, it's often, not always, but often at the beginning, we have it followed by a noun.
还是一样，你们会发现"like"也是在句首，它通常，不是一定要这样，但是它通常都位于句首，后面接一个名词。
I could change this to something else, imagine if I wanted to compare cats and dogs.
我可以把这个换成其他事情，假设我想比较猫和狗。
"Like cats, dogs have fur." Okay? I could say that.
"Like cats, dogs have fur."（和猫一样，狗也有毛），看到了吗？可以这么说。
If I'm comparing men and women, "Like women, men are human."
假如我在比较男人和女人："Like women, men are human."（和女人一样，男人也是人类）。
Okay? It's not the greatest of comparisons, but you can use these types of words when you're comparing. Okay?
我举的这个例子不怎么样，但是你们在进行对比时可以使用这种类型的单词，知道了吗？
So now, I have some other things I want to compare.In England, they speak English, in Canada, we also speak English.
那么现在，我有一些其他事物想要比较。在英国，人们讲英语，在加拿大，我们也讲英语。
Not everybody, but many Canadians speak English, some speak French, but a lot of people speak English.
并不是每个人都讲英语，但是很多加拿大人都讲英语，一些人讲法语，不过很多人都会说英语。
So I'm going to teach you some words you can use when comparing these two sentences.
所以接下来我要教你们比较这两个句子时可以用的一些单词。
"In England, they speak English. Similarly, in Canada many people speak English, too."
"In England, they speak English. Similarly, in Canada many people speak English, too."（在英国，人们讲英语。相似地，在加拿大很多人也讲英语）。
"In comparison, in Canada many people also speak English."
"In comparison, in Canada many people also speak English."（相比之下，在加拿大有很多人也讲英语）。
"In the same way, in Canada many people speak English."
"In the same way, in Canada many people speak English."（同样地，在加拿大很多人也讲英语）。
And finally, another way similar to this but slightly different: "Likewise, in Canada many people speak English."
最后还有一种，和这个很像但是稍微有点不同："Likewise, in Canada many people speak English."（同样地，在加拿大很多人也讲英语）。
So these are a little bit different from these ones, they all mean how they are the same.
这些和这些稍微有点不同，它们的意思都是指这两个如何相同。
But you'll notice one of the differences here is these are followed by a comma, "Likewise,..."
但是你们不难注意到，这里的其中一个区别就是这些后面是逗号，比如"Likewise,..."。
And then, we have the rest of the sentence, these go at the beginning of the sentence.
然后再接句子的剩余部分，这些是放在句首的。
Okay? In case you can't tell, this is a period, so we have our first sentence, "In England, they speak English. Similarly, in Canada many people speak English."
以防你们看不出来，这是句号，所以前面是我们的第一个句子（然后加句号），比如"In England, they speak English. Similarly, in Canada many people speak English."
Okay? So you can use these in your writing, they would really, really help on your TOEFL, IELTS, or university essays to help you get a better mark.
懂了吗？你们可以把这些用在写作中，它们对你们的托福、雅思考试或大学作文都很有帮助的，能够帮助你们得到更高的分数。
One other thing to say about these, just to give another example, let's use cats and dogs because it's easier.
关于这些，我还有一点要讲，只是想再举个例子，我们就用猫和狗的例子吧，因为比较简单。
If we wanted to compare cats and dogs, maybe we could talk about how they're great pets.
如果我们想比较猫和狗，也许我们可以讲一讲它们都是很棒的宠物。
People love cats; people love dogs. Okay?Maybe you don't like them, but just for the example.
大家喜欢猫；大家喜欢狗，对吧？也许你们不喜欢，但这只是举个例子。
So we can say, "Dogs are great pets. Similarly, cats are also great pets."
那么我们可以说："Dogs are great pets. Similarly, cats are also great pets."（狗是很棒的宠物。相似地，猫也是很棒的宠物）。
"Dogs are great pets. In comparison, cats are also great pets."
"Dogs are great pets. In comparison, cats are also great pets."（狗是很棒的宠物。相比之下，猫也是很棒的宠物）。
"In the same way, cats are great pets. Or likewise." Okay?
"In the same way/ Likewise, cats are great pets." （相似地，猫也是很棒的宠物）。
So now, let's look at some more of these types of expressions.
那么现在，我们再来看一些这种类型的表达吧。
Okay. Before we move on to some comparison words that you can use in the middle of a sentence, I just wanted to add one note about "in comparison".
好了，在我们继续讲你们可以用在句子中的一些比较性词语时，我想补充一点关于"in comparison"的内容。
Okay? "In comparison" is also used with differences.When you compare two things, you're saying how they're alike.
"in comparison"也可以被用来表示区别。当你们比较两个事物时，你们描述的是它们的相似之处。
But sometimes, because of the way we use the word, "in comparison" can also be used when we're showing things that are different.
但是有时候由于我们使用这个单词的方式，"in comparison"也可以被用来表示事物的不同之处。
It's used in both of these ways. Okay?So now, let's look at some sentences, the middle of some sentences, some new words we can use.
这两种情况都可以用，知道了吗？现在我们来看一些句子，一些句子的中间部分，看看我们能用的一些新词。
The first one I want to teach you is "is similar to".Okay? And the key here is preposition.
我想教你们的第一个是"is similar to"（与......相似）。这里的关键在于介词。
A lot of the times, students don't put the right preposition, so they'll say "is similar of", "is similar for".
很多时候学生加的介词都不正确，他们会说"is similar of", "is similar for"。
In this case, it's "to": "Canada is similar to England."This is one way to show equality or similarity.
在这里要用"to"这个介词，比如"Canada is similar to England."（加拿大和英国很相似）。这是表示同等或相似的一种方法。
"Cats are similar to dogs." Okay?Another example, we can also say "is the same as": "Canada is the same as England."
也可以说"Cats are similar to dogs."（猫和狗很相似）。另一个例子，我们也可以用"is the same as"（和......一样）："Canada is the same as England."（加拿大和英国一样）。
This is a little stronger than "is similar to" because you're saying they're pretty much the same.
这个比"is similar to"更强烈一点，因为你在说它们差不多是一模一样的。
A lot of people would disagree, but just another word, "is the same as".Okay. So let's use some of these together.
很多人对这个例句的内容可能不赞同，但是这只是为了展示另外这个词"is the same as"而已。好了，我们来一起用一用这些词吧。
I have here a blank, "England__the USA.", what similar word or what comparing word can we use here?
"England__the USA."，这里有一个空格，我们在这里能填上什么比较类的词汇呢？
Take a moment to think, we could say, "England is similar to the USA.", do you agree with that?I don't know, tell me what you think.
花点时间想一想，我们可以说："England is similar to the USA."（英国和美国很相似），你同意吗？我不知道，告诉我你们的想法。
Let's look at B, "In England, people speak English__in the USA.", so what could we add here?
我们来看第二个："In England, people speak English__in the USA."，这里我们可以填什么呢？
"In England, people speak English__in the USA.", so there's actually a mistake here, we'll add "people also speak English".
"In England, people speak English__in the USA."，其实这里有个错误，我们加上"people also speak English"。
Okay. So what could we put over here?There's many different things we could put, we could put "similarly"; we could put "likewise".
好了，那我们在这里能填什么呢？我们可以填上很多不同的内容，我们可以填上"similarly"，可以填"likewise"。
Okay? "In comparison". There are many different words we could use here.
也可以填"in comparison"。有很多不同的单词都可以用在这里。
Finally, let's try the last one: "__England, the USA is very multicultural.", meaning there are people from all over the world living there.
最后，我们再来看最后一题："__England, the USA is very multicultural."，意思是来自世界各地的人都住在那里。
What could we say here? That's right, "like", "Like England, the USA is very multicultural."
我们在这里能填什么？没错，"like"："Like England, the USA is very multicultural."（像英国一样，美国的文化非常多元化）。
So thank you for watching this video, I invite you to come check out our website at www. engvid. com.
感谢大家观看这个视频，我邀请你们登陆我们的网站www. engvid. com。
There, you can practice all of these words in our quiz.
你们可以在我们网站上的小测验里练习所有这些单词。
You can make sure that you're using the correct preposition, the correct words in the correct ways.
你们可以确保自己用的介词是正确的，确保自己用正确的方式使用了正确的单词。
So I invite you to come visit our website, also, you can subscribe to my videos.
所以我邀请你们登陆我们的网站，你们也可以订阅我的视频。
There are a lot of different resources on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and many more things.So until next time, take care.
那里有很多关于语法、词汇、发音和很多内容的不同资源。那么下次见啦，保重。