(单词翻译:单击)
I think we all remember the T-Rex from Jurassic Park and its iconic roar.
大家应该都记得《侏罗纪公园》里的雷克斯霸王龙以及它标志性的咆哮声吧。
But that impressive sound effect was actually made using a recording of a baby elephant, and it probably sounds, nothing like a real dinosaur.
但事实上，这种令人印象深刻的音效来源于一只小象。而且这种音效可能和恐龙的真实咆哮声并不一样。
If you want to know what dinosaurs might have sounded like, one place to start is with their closest living relatives:
如果你想知道恐龙的声音，应该从与恐龙亲缘关系最相近的生物开始：
birds and crocodilians, which are crocodiles and their cousins.
鸟类、鳄目动物也就是鳄鱼，都是恐龙的表亲。
These two groups of animals have different vocal organs, which means their vocal abilities probably evolved after the groups split off from each other.
这两组动物有着不同的发音器官，这说明这两组动物从一个物种分离出来之后，它们的声音能力可能得到了进化。
Crocodilians have larynxes, which are in their throats, and contain vocal folds that vibrate to produce sound.
鳄目动物有喉头，位于它们的喉咙里，它们还有声襞，用于颤动发音。
And birds have syrinxes further down in their chests, which are basically tiny chambers surrounded by an air sac.
鸟类有鸣管，位于胸部，主要就是一个被气囊包围的小型心室。
Their most recent common ancestor—which would have also been an ancestor of the dinosaurs—wouldn’t necessarily have had either of those things.
它们最近常见的祖先--同样也是恐龙的祖先--并没有必要拥有这两种器官。
It’s hard for us to know because vocal organs are made of soft tissues. They usually decay instead of being replaced with minerals and becoming a fossil.
我们很难了解其中原委，因此，声音器官是由软组织组成。声音器官经常会衰退，而不是被矿石代替或变为化石。
Parts of ancient bird syrinxes sometimes do fossilize, but we’ve never found any fossil structure resembling a syrinx with fossil dinosaur bones.
部分古代鸟类的鸣管确实会变为化石，但是我们从未见过带有恐龙骨骼化石的鸣管的矿物结构。
So dinosaurs probably didn’t warble or sing like modern birds, it’s probably good for the Jurassic Park movies and we don’t have evidence of larynxes and roaring either.
因此，恐龙可能不会发出鸟鸣声或像现代鸟类一样鸣叫，这或许对于《侏罗纪公园》来说是件好事。我们也没有恐龙喉头和咆哮的证据。
But the types of sounds that birds and crocodilians can both make might have popped up in dinosaurs.
但是鸟类和鳄目动物的声音可能也会在恐龙中出现。
Animals in both groups show aggression by hissing, which doesn’t even use vocal organs. It’s basically just exhaling really loudly. So maybe dinosaurs hissed, kinda like angry geese.
两组动物通过发出嘶嘶声表示其进攻性，甚至都不用使用声音器官。主要是通过大声地呼气。或许恐龙也会发出嘶嘶声，就像愤怒地大鹅。
And one specific type of sound production called closed-mouth vocalization has evolved in both groups multiple times.
在两组动物中，有一种被称为封闭式发声的特别发声已经历过多次进化。
The mechanics vary from species to species, but generally it’s a low-pitched sound that’s made by pushing air through a pouch in the trachea or esophagus,
不同种类的结构各有不同，但是其通常是通过推动气管或食管中囊袋的空气而发出的低音调声，
rather than through an open beak or mouth. The most familiar example of this is probably a pigeon cooing,
而不是通过张开的喙或嘴。与其最相似的例子应该是鸽子的咕咕声，
but large birds like ostriches also bulge out their necks and use these sounds to communicate.
但是，像鸵鸟这样的大鸟也会突出它们的脖子并使用这些声音交流。
And so do crocodiles. If birds do it and crocodilians do it, then maybe dinosaurs made these grumbly bellows, too.
鳄鱼也是如此。如果鸟类如此，鳄目动物是如此，那么也许恐龙也会发出这些嘟囔的咆哮声。
So next time you re-watch Jurassic Park, mentally replace all those mighty roars with hisses and booms, and you’ll probably have something a little closer to reality.
所以，下次当你重温《侏罗纪公园》时，你可以脑补恐龙嘶嘶轰隆的咆哮声，也许这样才里真实更加接近。
This doesn’t mean dinosaurs were any less cool… just a little weirder than you may have thought.
这并不是说恐龙没那么酷了...只是会比你以为的要怪异那么一点点。
Thanks to Patreon on patron Fr.Jay for asking, and, really, thanks to all of our patrons because we wouldn’t be able to make these videos without you.
谢谢Patreon观众Fr.Jay的提问，也谢谢我们所有的观众，因为你们，我们才能做出那么多有趣的视频。
If you’d like to submit questions to be answered, you can go to patreon.com/scishow. And don’t forget to go to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe!
如果有任何问题，请登录patreon.com/scishow。同时不要忘记登录youtube.com/scishow订阅我们哟~
