Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today, I have a bit of a special lesson for you. We're going to look at the IELTS test.
大家好，欢迎回到engvid.com。我是Adam。今天，我给大家准备了一个有点特别的课程。我们今天要来看看雅思考试。
Now, before I begin, I have to tell you that I will be speaking a little bit faster than usual because this is for IELTS test-takers.
在开始之前，我要提醒你们的是，这次我的讲话速度会比平常快一点，因为这节课是为考雅思的朋友们准备的。
You need to get used to faster speed English, more natural speed English.
你们需要习惯速度更快、更自然的英语。
But for everybody else, keep watching. It's still a good practice, still lots of vocabulary to learn, lots of things to learn.
至于不考雅思的朋友，你们也可以继续观看，因为这也是一次很好的练习机会，还是能学到很多词汇和知识的。
So, more specifically, we're going to be looking at IELTS time management.
具体来说，我们这节课要学的是在雅思考试时做好时间规划。
Now, many people tell me... I've had many students come and tell me the biggest problem they had taking the IELTS test was that they ran out of time.
很多人说......我的很多学生都跑来告诉我，说他们在考雅思的时候，遇到的最大的问题就是时间不够用。

They didn't know how to manage their time, and that's why they lost a lot of points. Okay?
他们不知道要如何规划时间，而这也正是他们丢了很多分的原因。
So, today, I'm going to help you fix that a little bit. There's lots to talk about. Let's get started.
所以今天我就要帮你们解决这个问题。有很多东西要讲，所以我们开始吧。
Two things we have to worry about: mind and body. Okay?
有两件事情需要注意：思维和身体。
First, let's talk about the body.
首先，我们来讲讲身体。
One of the biggest mistakes people make when they go to take the test on test day is they're exhausted.
人们当天去考试的时候会犯的最大的错误之一就是，他们都累坏了。
They're just not mentally ready to take the test.
他们精神上还没准备好参加考试。
It's a long test, it's a difficult test, and it's a test in English; not your native tongue. Obviously, right?
这个考试持续时间很长，难度系数较高，还是全英文的，显然不是各位的母语，对吧？
So, what do you do? Very, very important. The night before... The night before the test, don't study.
那么，你们该怎么做呢？这一点非常非常重要，考试前一晚不要学习。
If you don't know it then, you won't know it the next day.
如果你们到了那会儿还不知道要怎么做题，第二天也还是不会的。
So, the night before the test, go to sleep early, get a full eight hours of solid sleep, wake up early,
所以，考试前一晚请早点上床睡觉，踏踏实实睡上八个小时，第二天上午早点起床，
do whatever you need to do in the morning, go to the test center relaxed. Okay?
该干嘛干嘛，然后轻轻松松地去考试中心，好吗？
Very, very important. You need as much brain power as you can get on test day.
这一点非常非常重要，因为你们考试当天会需要消耗很多脑力。
Speaking of waking up in the morning on test day, make sure that you eat properly. Don't go to the test hungry.
说到考试当天早起的问题，请你们一定要好好吃早餐，不要空着肚子去考试。
Your stomach does a lot of your thinking for you when you're not prepared.
当你们准备不充分的时候，你们的胃会帮你们进行很多思考活动。
If you're hungry, you're thinking about your stomach; not about the English. Okay?
如果你们考试时觉得饿了，那你们满脑子想的都会是你们的胃，而不是英语。
Eat. Eat properly, carbohydrates, proteins, avoid coffee and sugar, but if you have to have a coffee in the morning to wake up,
一定要吃饭，好好吃饭。摄入一些碳水化合物和蛋白质，尽量避免咖啡和糖，
like I do, have it at least an hour, an hour and a half, two hours before the test.
不过如果你们和我一样，必须得喝一杯咖啡才能清醒过来的话，请至少在考试之前一个小时、一个半小时或者两个小时内喝完。
Don't go into the test room with a cup of a coffee in your hand, well, you can't anyway,
不要拿着一杯咖啡进考场，当然啦，这样人家也不会让你们进考场的，
but don't go into the test center with a cup of coffee in your hand. Get it all out of the way early.
但是，就算进入考试中心也不要拿着咖啡，早点把它喝完。
Okay. So this is still body.
接下来还是关于身体的。
During the test, when you have a few extra seconds, maybe between sections, between questions in the listening section, etcetera,
考试过程中，也许在各个部分之间、在听力部分的不同问题之间会有几秒钟的间隔时间，
close your eyes, breathe, just calm yourself down, relax.
这时候请闭上双眼，深呼吸，让自己镇静下来，放轻松。
Remember, at the end of the day, if you didn't do well on the test today, you take it again next week or the week after that, you can do it again. Relax.
记住，考试结束之后，如果这次考得不好，你们下周或者下下周还可以继续考，你们还有机会，所以，别紧张。
Close your eyes, if they're burning, close them, relax, get a little bit of energy back, move on.
闭上双眼，如果你们的双眼滚烫，请闭上眼睛放轻松，找回一点精力，然后继续做题。
Same idea, if you have a chance, stretch.
同样的，有机会就伸展一下你们的身体。
Don't be afraid to waste-if you want to call it that-take a minute of your time to stretch.
不要担心会浪费时间（如果你们想这么认为的话），花一分钟伸展一下全身。
Arms up, do whatever you have to do, don't get up and walk around, I don't think they'll be very happy about that, but as much as you can, stretch.
把胳膊举起来，做任何能做的动作，不过不要站起来四处走动，我想考官不会容忍你们这么做的，但是在允许范围内，尽量伸展你们的身体。
Legs, arms, neck, whatever you need to do.
双腿、胳膊、脖子，任何需要的部位都可以动一动。
A strong, healthy body helps you do better on a test, it actually helps you save time, believe it or not. Okay, this is one thing.
一个健康强壮的体魄会帮助你们在考试中取得更好的成绩，信不信由你们，这实际上还能帮你们节约时间。好了，这是一件事。
Most importantly, your mind.
最重要的一件事就是你们的思维。
We need to train your mind, it's not all about English. Okay?
我们需要对思维进行训练，不仅仅只是关于英语方面。
The IELTS test, the TOEFL test, etcetera, these are called standardized tests, it means they're always going to be the same structure.
雅思考试、托福考试等等都被称为标准化考试，也就是说它们通常都会保持同样的结构。
They're always going to be about the same time, the same set up, the same types of questions. Okay? Know them.
它们一般持续的时间、试题设置和问题类型都是一样的。好好了解一下，好吗？
So, how we... do we train your body? Practice. I cannot stress this enough, practice, practice, practice every single day.
那么，我们要如何训练呢？练习！这个问题我怎么强调都不够，每一天都要练习，练习，练习。
What do you practice? Excuse me. Practice your listening and speaking as much as you can.
练习的内容是什么呢？练习你们的听力和口语，越多越好。
The easiest thing to practice is your listening. Okay?
其中最好练习的就是听力了。
TV, music videos, YouTube, internet, like, English is everywhere, very, very easy to practice your listening. Okay?
电视、音乐视频、YouTube和网络上到处都是英语，想要练习听力真的非常非常简单。
Practice your vocabulary. Learn vocabulary. Learn vocabulary. Learn vocabulary. You need a lot of words for this test.
练习你们的词汇量。学新词，学新词，学新词！你们在雅思考试中会需要大量的词汇。
Practice your skills, note taking skills, paraphrasing skills, just writing skills.
练习你们的技巧，做笔记的技巧、释义技巧和写作技巧。
Notice I wrote this here, "write legibly".
请注意一下我在这里写的“保持字迹清楚”。
If the reader, if the grader of your essay can't read what you're writing, then you didn't write anything and you're losing points.
如果读者，如果给你们作文打分的考官看不清楚你们写了什么，那你们就相当于什么也没写，大把的分数就这样没有了。
If you have very bad handwriting, practice doing it nicely.
如果你们的书写很差的话，请好好练习写字。
This is actually the best that I can get.
实际上，这是我能写的最好的字了。
But when I was in high school, my teachers told me that I will be a doctor one day because I already know how to write prescriptions that nobody can read.
但是在我读高中的时候，我的老师们都说我以后会成为一个医生，因为我已经知道要怎么写出大家都看不懂的药方了。
So I had to change. If you have to change, practice and change.
所以，我必须做出改变。如果你们有需要改变的地方，就去练习，加以改变。
Okay, now, this is probably the most important one: know the test. Okay? What does that mean?
现在要讲的这一点可能是最重要的一点：弄懂这个考试。什么意思呢？
Instructions. Every section has instructions. Okay? Know these before test day. Okay?
考试说明。试卷每个部分都有答题说明，请在考试之前把这些弄懂。
Don't go to the test and read the instructions. Big, big waste of time.
不要等到开始考试了才阅读考试说明，这是非常非常浪费时间的。
You should have practiced... You should have taken practice tests so many times that you know every instruction for every section.
你们本该做过很多次模拟试题了，所以你们应该清楚各个部分的答题说明。
You take the time they give you to look at instructions, you're already looking ahead to what is coming, you are getting ready.
你们可以利用考试给出的阅读说明的时间，来提前阅读下面的内容，可以用这段时间做好准备。
Maybe you're closing your eyes, maybe you're stretching, you are not reading the instructions. Okay? That's one.
在这段时间里，你们可以闭上双眼，可以伸展身体，但是，不要阅读说明，好吗？这是一点。
Structure. Know the structure of the test, it doesn't change, we're going to look at that in a second, what the structure is, but make sure you know it.
接下来一点是结构。弄清楚试卷结构，它也不会变的，我们稍后会看看试卷的结构是怎样的，但是请确保你们弄懂了它。
There should be absolutely no surprises on test day.
考试当天绝对不会出现例外的情况的。
You should know everything about this test: what's coming, what you can expect. No surprises.
你们应该弄清楚这场考试所有的事情：接下来的内容是什么以及有什么要注意的。不会出现意外情况的。
Okay. You know what? We're going to leave it there, we're going to come back in a second.
这样吧，我们把这一点先放在这儿，稍后再来讲。
We're going to look at the structure, and what you have to do for each section to save yourself time and do better on this test.
我们来看看试卷结构，看看要节约考试时间和提高考试成绩的话，在试题每个部分都应该做些什么。
Okay, let's start with the listening section.
首先我们讲讲听力部分。
The listening section has 40 questions, about 30 minutes for the entire section. Okay?
听力部分有40个问题，整个部分所用时间大概30分钟。
Again, always going to be the same, always 40 questions, always 30 minutes, you got four sections in the listening section.
同样的，这个部分一般都不会有什么变化，一直都是40个问题，时长一般都是30分钟，听力考试总共分为四个部分。
Your first section has two speakers, your second section has one speaker, your third section, two speakers, your last section, one speaker. Okay?
第一部分有两个讲话人，第二部分一个讲话人，第三部分两个讲话人，最后一部分一个讲话人。
The last section is the most difficult because it's a lecture, it's usually one person speaking the whole time,
最后一部分是难度最大的部分，因为它的内容是个讲座，通常只有一个人从头讲到尾，
you're going, answering the questions, multiple choice, fill-in-the-blanks, etcetera.
你们需要回答问题，做单项选择，填空等等。
But just understand it's always going to be like this, so you're always... you know exactly what's coming, how to listen.
不过你们要了解的是，这个部分一直都是这种题型，这样你们就明确知道接下来是什么内容，要怎么去听了。
How you listen to two speakers is different from how you listen to one speaker.
听两位讲话人的部分和一个讲话人的部分是不一样的。
Two speakers, you have to be aware of the shift, when you're switching from one speaker to another.
听的是有两位讲话人的部分时，你们必须注意从这个讲话人到那个讲话人之间的转变。
Man and woman speaking, easy. Two men, two women speaking, not as easy; you have to listen for the cues.
当两位讲话人分别是一男一女时，还是挺简单的；但是如果两位讲话人是同一性别，就没那么简单了。你们必须认真听录音，找到提示。
Now, another thing you have to keep very much in mind, they're going to give you...
另一件你们必须牢记的事情就是，
each section they give you a little bit of time to look ahead before the recording begins. Okay?
每个听力部分在播放录音之前都会给你们一小段时间阅读材料。
Look ahead. Take this time, use it wisely. Now, what are you looking for? Are you going to read everything?
提前看材料，好好利用这段时间。那么，你们需要寻找什么信息呢？要把所有材料都看完吗？
Are you going to try to read everything before the recording starts?
要试着在播放录音之前逐字逐句全部看完吗？
Of course not. You don't have time to read everything.
当然不要，你们不需要把所有内容都看完。
I think the first section, they give you about a minute to look ahead at the first part. Don't try to read everything.
我记得你们在第一部分会有大概一分钟的时间阅读那个部分的材料，不要试着看完每个字。
Read around the blanks. You have blanks to fill in, for example, this is one question type this is the blanks, read what's around,
把要填的空周围的文字看完就可以了，你们是要填空的，比如说，这是一个问题，这是要填的空，你们只要把这周围看完就行了，
look for the words that you're listening to to give you a hint or a cue that the answer is coming.
在听到的内容里寻找提示或者线索，这样你们就能知道什么时候会出现答案了。
Again, that's why vocabulary is very important, and learning and practicing your skills, paraphrasing skills also very important.
再说一次，这就是为什么词汇、学习和练习你们的释义技巧很重要了。
Multiple choice questions, like for example, section four, there's often multiple choice.
我们再说一说单项选择，一般第四部分的题目都是单项选择题。
If you see multiple choice questions and you have time to look ahead, don't try to read every question and answer.
如果你们在做单选题，有时间可以提前阅读题目的话，不要试着把每个问题和选项都看完。
Go to every question, identify the main question word. What? Who? When? Where? etcetera, all these words, find out exactly what you are listening for.
浏览一下每个问题，找到每个问题的关键词，比如What、 Who、 When、 Where等等，找到这些词你们就知道自己究竟要注意听些什么。
Are you listening for a time? Are you listening for a person, a place, a thing, an idea, an action? Etcetera.
是要注意听时间、人物、地点，事物、想法还是动作等等。
Also, listen for numbers, names, milestones.
还有，注意听数字、名字和转折点。
For example, if you're listening for numbers, then you know where they are, for example,
举个例子来说，假如你们要注意听的是数字，那么你们就要知道它们在哪儿，比如，
if you have a table, you see all these numbers, you're listening for the missing numbers.
试卷上有一个时间表，你们要看看上面所有的数字，然后注意听空缺的那些。
Dates, time, etcetera, these are all numbers.
日期、时间等等，这些都属于数字。
Names, names of places, names of companies, names of people, etcetera.
要注意听名字，比如地点的名字、公司的名称和人物的姓名等等。
Milestones. Okay? Milestones tell you you're getting to this point. So you need to be ready for this word.
还有转折点。转折点会告诉你们答案马上就要出现了。所以请注意听带有转折点性质的单词。
Here was a question, here's a question, look at the milestone, this tells you that you've past this one, you need to be getting ready for this one.
比如这是个问题，这是下一个问题，仔细看看这个转折点，它会告诉你们上一个问题已经结束了，你们需要准备好听下一个问题了。
This is very, very important in terms of time management.
这一点在时间规划方面特别特别重要。
Why? Because if you are aware that this is a milestone, that this is where you need to listen to between these two questions,
为什么？因为如果你们意识到这是个转折点，这是你们在两个问题之间需要注意听的地方，
if you get to this milestone but you didn't get the previous question's answer, you missed it.
如果你们已经听到了这个转折点，但是没有听到上一个问题的答案，那就说明你们已经错过上一题了。
Don't worry about it. Don't try to listen to it, because you won't, it's gone, get ready for the next question.
但是不要担心，不要继续试图去听这一题的答案，因为你们已经听不到了，已经错过了，请为下一题做好准备。
If you're trying to figure out what this was, you're going to miss the next one too.
如果你们一直努力回想这一题的答案是什么，那你们也将会错过下一题的答案。
So be very careful about these milestones, they are your markers, they are your guides along the recording. Okay?
所以请千万注意这些带有转折点性质的单词，它们就是你们的标识，你们整段录音的向导。
A few other things, let's see what they are. You're going to have like a table, or a graph, or a diagram, something visual that you have to label,
还有一些其他事情需要注意的，我们来看看是什么。
for example, or you have to fill in the blanks, for example.
比如，当你们要在像一个表格、曲线图或者一个图表这类直观的东西上做标记，或者填空的时候。
Always look at the headings, always look what is here, always look what is here, always look what is here, always look what is here. Okay?
请一定要仔细看标题，一定要看这里写着什么，那里写着什么，还有那里，那里。好吗？
Again, this is with the time they give you to look ahead, this is where you're looking.
再说一次，这些部分是要用考试时给你们提前看材料的时间看的，这就是你们需要看的地方。
And if you have extra time, look at the words around the blanks, look at all the little clues.
如果你们还有时间多，就看看要填的空附近的单词，看看所有的那些小提示。
But make sure you know what the headings are so you can match things up.
不过在此之前，你们一定要确保自己知道标题都写了什么，这样你们听到答案的时候才能对上号。
If they give you a diagram, the thing that... that extra time that you're given, what you're looking for is the starting point.
如果试卷上有一个图表，你们时间还有多，就看看图表上的起始点。
This is where you're going to start, this is the first blank you have to fill, this is where the recording is going to begin.
这是你们要开始注意的地方，是你们要填的第一个空，也是录音将要开始的地方。
Now, if you have...let's say a few... You have like these, this is the first one, this is question 14,
假如你们有......一些......假如你们有一些像这样的题目。这是第一个，假设这是问题14，
let's say, this is question 15, this is 16, 17, make sure you know the direction.
这是问题15，这是16和17，请确保你们知道正确的方向。
This way, you're always listening: what is this? This is next. This is next. What is this? This is next. What is this?
你们要一直像这样来做听力：这是什么？这是下一题。这是下一题，那这又是什么？
This is next. What is this? This is next. Etcetera.
这是下下一题。这是什么？这是下一题。这是什么？这是下一题......
Always know where the recording is going.
永远都要知道录音即将播放的内容在哪里。
Now, very, very important... Okay? Let's say you... You come to the end of a section, oh, let's say you have fill-in-the-blanks.
我要讲的下一点很重要很重要......假如......你们已经做完一个部分了，假如你们做的是填空题。
This is one of the sections, let's say. This is your last question, let's say question 13 of the section, let's say you've heard the answer, you've written down the answer.
假设这是其中一个部分，这是你们的最后一题，我们假设这是这个部分的第13题，假如你们已经听到了答案，把它写了下来。
Are you going to listen to this? No. Why? You don't need to know what's being said here.
那么你们接下来还要继续听吗？不，为什么？因为你们已经不需要知道接下来还会说什么了。
Well, once you have this answer, you have two options.
一旦听到了答案，你们有两个选择。
One, close your eyes, relax, get your energy back, get ready for the next section.
选择一，闭上双眼，放轻松，恢复一些精力，准备好听下一个部分。
Better choice: take this extra time that they're speaking here to look ahead at the next section,
还有一个更好的选择：趁着录音还在继续，你们还有多余的时间，提前看看下个部分的内容，
so instead of having one minute to look ahead, you have a minute and a half, a minute and 45 seconds.
这样你们提前阅读材料的时间就不止一分钟了，你们有一分半或者一分四十五秒。
That gives you more time to prepare for the next section. Okay?
这样你们就有更多时间准备下个部分了。
Remember: this is all about time management, and about keeping yourself calm, and fresh, and ready to go.
记住：今天讲的全都是关于时间规划的，关于如何让你们保持镇定、精神饱满、准备充足。
Now, another thing, if you're looking for this answer and suddenly you realize that you heard something here
还有一件事，如果你们正在思考这一题的答案，但是突然意识到自己听到了跟下一题相关的内容，请不要再纠结这一题了，
and this answer you didn't get, it's gone, let it go, move on.
你们已经错过了，把这一题放下，继续听下面的内容。
Don't try to answer this question from the recording because you can't.
不要再试图从录音里寻找这一题的答案了，因为你们是找不到的。
If you missed it, you can try to guess or just let it go, move on, get ready for the next one. Okay?Very, very important to do this.
如果错过了，你们可以试着猜一个答案或者直接把它放下，继续听，为下一题做好准备。做到这一点非常非常重要。
Now, and I can't stress this last point enough, spelling counts on the IELTS.
最后一点我已经强调了很多次了，在雅思考试中，拼写错误是要扣分的。
A lot of students, they try to... they worry about the spelling here, they're trying to write the word perfectly.
很多学生担心试卷上的单词拼写，他们试着把单词写得分毫不差。
Remember, at the end of the section, they're going to give you time to write the answers on the answer sheet, that is when you should worry about spelling.
但是请记住，在听力部分结束的时候，你们会有时间把答案誊写到答题卡上的，那时候你们才该担心拼写问题。
Here, just get the answer down.
在试卷上，你们只要把答案写下来就可以了。
If anything, use your note taking skills to write it quick and short, but enough that you understand it,
有必要的话，你们还可以运用做笔记的技巧把答案写下来，要写得又快又简短，但是又要能认出来写的是什么，
and worry about writing it perfectly later on the answer sheet.
稍后把答案誊写到答题卡上的时候，才是你们要注意把单词规规整整写下来的时候。
Use abbreviations, shorten the words.
使用一些缩写形式，把单词缩短。
Use your little codes, "B4", for example, you don't need to write the full word, you need to write enough that you understand what the answer is,
用一些你们的小“密码”，比如B4（before)，不需要把单词完整地写下来，只要写到能认出来的程度就可以了，
worry about spelling later, don't worry about it here, because as you're thinking about this, you're missing the next question. Okay?
在这里不要担心拼写问题，稍后再注意。因为在你们思考拼写问题的时候，下一个问题都快结束了。
So it's all about keeping up with the recording and staying ahead of the recording. Okay, that's it for the listening section.
总的来说就是，紧跟着录音答题，要在播放录音之前阅读材料。好了，听力部分要说的就这些。
Let's look at the reading section.
下面我们来讲讲阅读部分。
Okay, so now let's look at the reading section, which again, same structure every time, get to know it.
现在我们来看看阅读部分，同样的，阅读部分的试题结构也是每次都一样，请提前了解一下。
You have 40 questions, you have 60 minutes.
阅读部分一共有40个问题，答题时间60分钟。
Basically the breakdown is 13 questions, 13 questions, 14 questions, or any combination there are, could be 13, 14, 13,
基本上试题分布都是13个问题，13个问题和14个问题，或者任何这样的组合，也有可能是13、14、13，
doesn't matter, but more or less, that's the way it is.
这都不重要，你们只要知道大致分布是怎样的就可以了。
Now, most people think that you should do 20 minutes for each reading section. Don't do that.
大部分人都觉得在阅读部分的每篇文章上都应该花20分钟的时间。千万别这么做。
Break it down like this: first reading, 15 minutes; second reading, 20 minutes; third reading, 25 minutes. Now you're asking me: why? Okay. Two reasons.
请按下面这样分配时间：第一篇阅读，15分钟；第二篇，20分钟；第三篇，25分钟。你们也许要问我为什么？好吧，有两个原因。
One, and the most obvious one, reading number two is harder than reading number one, so you need more time.
第一点，也是最明显的一点，第二篇文章比第一篇难，所以你们需要更多时间。
Reading number three is harder than reading number two. The readings get harder as you go along. Okay? You want more time as you go along, that's one.
第三篇比第二篇难。阅读材料的难度会逐渐加大，所以越到后面需要的时间越多。这是第一个原因。
Two, you've just finished a 30-minute listening section, by the time you get here, you've just done 40 minutes or so, 35 minutes of reading.
第二个原因，你们在这之前刚完成了一个30分钟的听力部分，等你们做到最后一篇阅读理解的时候，可能已经做了40分钟或者35分钟的阅读了。
Your brain is tired. It's English. You're frustrated, you're angry, you're... Maybe you're hungry because you didn't eat in the morning like I told you to.
你们的大脑此时会很疲惫，因为全都是英语，你们会感到沮丧、愤怒......也许还会觉得肚子饿，因为你们早上没有按照我说的那样好好吃早餐。
Here, you need more time. Why? You're tired, it's harder. Simple as that.
在这个部分，你们需要更多时间。为什么？因为你们很累，题目更难。就这么简单。
Now, how are you going to use this time? The thing that I want you to practice eventually...
那么，你们要怎么利用这段时间呢？我想让你们慢慢练习的一件事就是......
I will show you on another video how to do it, but spend five to seven minutes getting the gist of the reading.
我之后会在另一个视频里告诉你们具体要怎么做，不过现在请花5到7分钟的时间找到阅读材料的主旨。
The gist? The overall idea. Get a sense of what the article is about.
什么是主旨呢？就是文章大意，弄清楚整篇文章大概讲了什么。
Find the thesis statement for each paragraph, and find the key words.
找到每一段的中心句，找到关键词。
Now, why are we doing this? By doing this, you will be able to write a heading, a one sentence,
我们为什么要这么做呢？通过这种方法，你们就可以写出一个标题，
a very short sentence saying: what is this paragraph about? You write that down next to the paragraph.
一个很简短的句子，用来说明这一段是关于什么内容的。你们要把这句话写在段落旁边。
You do that for every paragraph, if you can do this quickly... And believe me, it takes a lot of practice.
接下来每一段都是如此，如果你们能够快速完成这个......相信我，要做到这一点需要多加练习。
If you can do this quickly, then everything else is very easy, once you have the heading, you can answer the heading type questions.
如果你们能快速做到这一点，那么剩下的事情就很简单了，一旦写出了标题，你们就能回答出与标题相关的问题。
The summaries you can answer because you know where to begin the summary, and then you just follow along and complete it.
总结类问题也能回答得出来，因为你们知道该从哪里开始总结了，然后只要顺着步骤完成它就可以了。
The most important, though, is everybody's favourite question: true, false, not given; yes, no, not given.
不过最重要的还是大家最喜欢的问题类型：正确，错误，文章没有提到；是，否，文章没有提到。
Everybody thinks "not given", that's the hardest question. It doesn't have to be. Okay?
大家都觉得“文章没有提到”是最难的问题。但是也不一定。
The not given question wastes a lot, a lot of time. Why? Because people try to read the entire article to find an answer that is not there.
“文章没有提到”类问题会浪费大把大把的时间。为什么？因为人们会试着把整篇文章从头到尾看一遍，企图找到并不存在的答案。
If it is not given, you will not find it. So why spend so much time looking for something that is not there?
如果文章中没有提到的话，你们是找不到它的。那么为什么要花那么多时间去找根本不存在的东西呢？
What you should do, if you can do this properly, then whatever the question is, you should understand where it ought to be.
你们应该做的是，如果你们能正确做到这一点，那么无论问题是什么，你们都应该知道它在哪里。
This is the question, the answer should be in paragraph three because that's the structure of this article, that's what...
比如说你们要回答的是这个问题，答案应该在第三段，因为这就是这篇文章的结构，
this paragraph is talking about this information in the question.
这就是......这一段讨论的就是问题中的信息。
So you go to paragraph three, you don't find the answer, you look a little bit at paragraph two, not there,
所以你们要去第三段找，如果在第三段没有找到答案，就看一眼第二段，第二段也没有，
you look a little bit at paragraph four, also not there, guess what? It's not given. Circle it, move on.
就看看第四段，还是没有的话，不用想了，这就是文章中没有提到。勾上答案，继续做题。
Speaking of moving on, again, if you're looking at a question and you just don't know the answer,
说到继续做题，我再强调一遍，如果你们正在做一道题，但是不知道答案是什么，
you just can't find it anywhere, don't spend too much time on it.
到处都找不到答案，请不要在这一题上花太多时间。
Remember, you have about a minute and a half per question for the whole reading section.
记住，在整个阅读部分，你们每道题只有一分半的时间。
If you're spending five minutes on one question, that's two questions that you can't answer later because you won't even have time to read the question.
如果你们在一道问题上花了五分钟的时间，那么你们之后做不出来的问题就是两道了，因为到时候你们甚至都没时间看下一道问题了。
You don't know, you guess, you move on. Okay?
所以，如果有不会的题，就猜一个答案，然后继续做其他的题。
Again, another thing you want to do, build your vocabulary, this is the hardest part of the reading section, is the vocabulary, and learn your paraphrasing skills.
还有，你们要做的另一件事就是，增加词汇量，词汇是阅读部分最难的地方，你们还要学习释义技巧。
Learn how to write this sentence a different way, but keep the same meaning.
要学会用不同的形式来写一个句子，但是要保持意义一致。
Very, very important, because the questions... the answers, I should say, the answers and what's written in the article will mean the same thing,
这一点非常非常重要，因为答案和文章中的句子意思是一样的，
but completely different words, completely different syntax or grammar.
但是使用的会是不同的单词，完全不一样的句法或者语法。
Very, very important skill. I will make a lesson for this as well in the future. Look out for that.
这个技巧非常非常重要，我以后也会专门为这个做一个视频，到时候请注意我的更新。
And then you move on to the writing section.
接下来我们继续讲讲写作部分。
Okay, last section, writing. I'm not really going to speak to you about the speaking section because there's not too much in terms of time management.
最后一部分——写作。我不打算跟你们讲口语部分，因为这个部分和时间规划关系不大。
You walk in, you speak, you leave. Okay?
你们只要走进考场、讲话、离开考场就行了。
There's no tricks here. It's a live one-on-one interview with a person. He or she will set the pace, you follow, that's it.
这里面没有什么技巧，就是跟另一个人现场一对一的面试。他（她）会定下对话节奏，你们跟着进行就可以了。
The only thing I will say about the speaking section, sometimes you will have the test right... the speaking test 30 minutes after your paper test,
关于口语考试我唯一要说的一点是，有时候你们的口语考试会在笔试结束后30分钟进行，
sometimes you'll have it two or three hours later.
有时候会在两到三个小时之后进行。
If it's later, just go somewhere, stay calm, stay focused. That's all I can tell you about that.
如果是后者，你们可以随便去个地方，保持镇定，保持注意力集中。我能告诉你们的只有这么多。
But writing section, now, here you have two tasks.
但是写作部分要说的就很多了，在这个部分，你们要完成两项写作任务。
Task one, spend the 20 minutes. Task two, 40 minutes, one hour, leave the breakdown as they recommend it.
任务一，花20分钟。任务二，40分钟，总共时长一个小时，请按照试卷上建议的那样分配时间。
Task one, they want you to write 150 words. Aim for about 200.
在任务一，如果试卷要求你们写一篇150个单词的文章，请写200个。
Task two, they want you to write about 200-... minimum 250 words, there is no way you can get seven,
任务二，如果试卷要求写200......至少250个单词，你们只写250个单词是绝对不可能得到7分的。
for example, a band score of 7 with 250 words. Aim for 350. Okay?
请尽量写350个单词。
You don't have to. I recommend it if you want that high score.
这不是强制性的，但是如果你们想得高分的话，我还是建议你们这么做。
Now, what will you do with your time? Your 20 minutes, your task one, very, very straightforward essay.
那么，你们在这段时间里要做些什么呢？在任务一的20分钟时间里，你们要写一篇非常非常直截了当的文章。
There's absolutely no opinion to be given in here. Very straightforward.
绝对不要在这篇文章中阐述个人观点。写得简明直接就可以了。
Paragraph one, what am I looking at? What is the diagram? Is it a table? Is it a graph? Etcetera.
第一段，写你们看到的东西，比如图表上有什么内容？表格或曲线图上讲了什么？
Paragraph two, what are the highlights? What are you going to..? What are your main points you're going to talk about?
第二段，重点是什么？你们要......你们要谈到的主要观点是什么？
You're going to talk about highs, you're going to talk about lows. You're going to talk about big fluctuations, you're going to talk about stability. Okay?
比如你们要谈论的是快感还是失落，要谈到的是大变动，还是稳定性。
And paragraph three, minor points. Or if you're comparing two graphs, second paragraph, graph one; second... third paragraph, graph two.
第三段，次要观点。或者，如果你们在比较两个图表的话，那么第二段就写图表一，第三段写图表二。
Check out my colleague, Emma, at www.engvid.com, she has a good lesson on task one of the IELTS. It'll be very useful for you.
你们可以去看看我同事Emma在EngVid网站上的视频，她做过关于雅思考试中的写作任务一的一个很棒的课程，对你们会很有帮助的。
Task two, 40 minutes. Now, here's a little breakdown here, I'll focus more on the task two,
任务二，可用时间为40分钟。我在这里做了一个小小的时间分配，我会把重点都放在任务二上，
spend five to seven minutes planning, do not skip this tep... This step, sorry.
首先花五到七分钟的时间列一个大纲，不要跳过这个步骤。
If you do not plan, you will waste lots of time while you're writing your body, as soon as you plan your essay, you're already done.
如果你们不列大纲的话，在写文章主要部分的时候会浪费大量的时间，你们只要把文章大纲写出来了，差不多就相当于把整篇文章写出来了。
All you have to focus on now is English: sentences, vocabulary, transitions, etcetera.
接下来要关注的就只有英语了：句子、词汇、过渡等等。
Spend 30 minutes writing it. Leave yourself three to five minutes to check over typos, etcetera.
花30分钟写完文章，给你们自己留三到五分钟时间检查拼写错误之类的。
Remember, it's handwritten, you want it to be legible, if I can't read it, I can't score you, you're getting a lower grade. Okay?
记住，这是手写的，你们的书写要清晰易辨认，如果我看不懂你们写了什么，我就没办法给你们好好打分，那你们就只能取得较低的分数。
So use that time to check. If you have to fix anything, do that.
所以一定要花时间检查，如果发现有要修改的地方，就去修改。
Don't try to rewrite whole paragraphs. You don't have time.
但是不要试图重写整个段落，你们没有这个时间。
Now, sadly, a lot of my students tell me that the writing is not the hard part, that the English is not the hard part.
很遗憾的是，我的很多学生都说写作不难，英语也不难。
What do they have a problem with in task two? Ideas. They don't know what to say.
他们在任务二遇到的最大的麻烦是什么呢？想法。他们不知道要写些什么。
They don't think about some of these questions. They've never considered these things,
他们没有思考过这些题目，从没考虑过这些事情，
so they don't know what to say, even in the planning stage, they're just like sitting there blank.
所以他们不知道要写些什么，即使在写大纲的阶段，他们也只是坐在那儿，大脑一片空白。
Here's an idea. Again, be ready before test day.
我给你们出个主意。还是一样，在考试之前就要做好准备。
When you go into the test, you have an idea bank in your head.
当你们进入考场的时候，脑子里应该已经有个想法库了。
These are very common topics that you will see on the IELTS test or the TOEFL test as well: technology, education, travel, environment. Okay?
下面是你们在雅思考试或者托福考试中会经常见到的一些话题：技术、教育、旅行和环境。
Make up questions for these, find universal examples, for example, technology, internet, you can use the internet to answer almost any question about technology. Okay?
以这些话题为基础，自己构思一些问题，找出一些通用的例子，比如技术和网络，你们可以以网络为例回答几乎任何关于技术的问题。
Apple. Apple is a specific real-world example, you can use it, Microsoft, you can use it to talk about many, many things. Okay?
比如苹果，苹果公司就是一个具体的现实生活中的例子，你们可以用上它，比如微软公司，你们可以用它来谈论很多很多事情。
Education, university, high school, travelling overseas, learning at home. All these things.
在教育方面可以用大学、高中、出国旅行、在家学习等例子，所有这些都可以用。
Have your ideas ready before the test. Don't try to think of them during the test. Big waste of time.
在考试之前就要准备好你们的想法，不要在考试期间才想该写什么，太浪费时间了。
Travel, environment. Okay? Lots of ideas. Get yourself examples, worry about examples, don't worry about reasons, don't worry about what the question will be.
像旅行啊，环境啊，有很多想法。多找一些例子，多考虑要用什么例子，不要考虑为什么，不要考虑会出什么题目。
Just think of technological examples that you can use for many types of questions.
你们只要想到可以用来回答不同类型问题的技术性例子就可以了。
Of course, practice. Get yourself a list of questions that you can practice, but have your examples already in your head. Okay?
当然啦，还要勤加练习。你们可以给自己列出一个可以用来练习的题目清单，但是在练习之前就要在脑子里想好例子。
Okay, I'll give you an example of an example that you can use. President Obama could be used for any of these.
我来给你们举个可以用的例子的例子。你们可以把奥巴马总统用在任何题目中。
Why? Because he's a person, he's the President of the United States. That's a big, powerful country.
为什么？因为他是一个人，他是美国总统，美国是个强大的国家。
America is the leader in technology, for example.
比如，美国在技术方面处于领先地位。
Education, American... America has one of the... Some of the best schools, Obama is the President of America,
教育，美国有一些世界上最好的学校，奥巴马是美国总统，
you can use him for almost anything, travel, environment, Obama's from Hawaii.
你们可以把他用在几乎任何话题中，旅行，环境都可以，比如，奥巴马来自夏威夷。
There you go. He's trying to save the environment, like...
这不就出来了嘛。他正在试图拯救环境，像......
Anyway, get your ideas ready before you go into the test, so, when you go there, you plan because you already have the ideas, you write, you check. Okay?
不管怎样，你们一定要在进考场之前准备好想，所以，你们进入考场之后就可以列大纲了，因为你们已经想好了，然后写文章，检查。
Very straightforward stuff. I will actually have, again, lessons on more of these items for you in the future.
非常直接的事情。事实上，以后我还会开几节课来多讲一点这些话题的。
But if you have any questions, please go to www.engvid.com.
不过，如果你们有任何问题，都可以去看看EngVid网站。
There's also going to be a little quiz there to review this stuff. You can ask me questions.
那上面还是会有一个小测验帮助你们复习今天的内容。你们有不懂的问题都可以问我。
Please also don't forget to subscribe to my channel on YouTube, and please check out my new website to help you with TOEFL and IELTS, www.writetotop.com.
请不要忘记订阅我在YouTube上的频道，你们也可以在我的新网站www.writetotop.com上找到对托福和雅思有帮助的信息。
Thanks. See you next time.
谢谢观看。下次见。