crafts-craft
n.技艺，手艺
craftspeople
n.艺术家
handcrafted
adj.手工制作的
craftsmanship
n.技能；技术
The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, form New England especially Connecticut and Massachusetts
勿需惊奇，美国最早的民间艺术画像来自于新英格兰地区，特别是康涅狄格州和麻萨诸塞州
for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition.
因为这一地区富裕、人口稠密，而且是浓厚艺术传统的中心。
experience
n.经验，经历v.经历；感受
Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences.
即使是最平凡无奇的珠串也已辗转数人之手，历经岁月之蹉跎。
reflect
v.反射；反映
reflection
n.反射；倒影
Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to their customers' prominence.
这些银器银碗显示了他们的显赫地位，证明了顾客的突出位置。
origins-origin
n.起源；起因
original
n.原物，原作adj.最初的，独创的
They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints.
它们比莱托利脚印还要原始。
literature
n.文学；著作
Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making.
在考古文学方面，关于制壶方面的描述屡见不鲜。
instruments-instrument
n.乐器；器具
instrumental
adj.仪器的
For a century and a half the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music.
一个半世纪以来，钢琴一直是西方音乐中最受欢迎的独奏乐器。
identified-identify
v.确认；识别
identifiable
adj.可认明的；可识别的
To identify a historically significant mountain range in the West
从历史角度了解西方山脉
substances-substance
n.物质，主旨
Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment.
某些特定真菌，甚至是一些叫作“抗生素”的分泌物会进入外部环境。
role
n.角色；作用，
But times are changing; a new generation of foresters seems better prepared to Include in their management plans consideration of the vital ecological role alders, play.
时代在变化；新一代林护官准备以生态为主的管理计划。
range
n.山脉，范围，行列v.排列，使并列，
ranged
n.山脉，范围，行列v.排列，使并列，
ranging
n.山脉，范围，行列v.排列，使并列，
Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands.
这些人包括欧洲大学生，居住在新几内亚高地的部落等。
quantities-quantity
n.量，总数
Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris.
冰川可以永久存在于寒冷地区，而这些缓慢移动的大量冰块却切削着峡谷，它们带走了大量被侵蚀的岩石碎片.
primarily
adv.首先；首要地；起初
primary
n.首选adj.主要的，根本的
In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw.
即试图描述戏剧的起源，人们必须主要依靠猜测，因为并没有多少确切证据可以引用。
considered-consider
v.考虑；认为
considerable
adj.可观的，相当的
considerably
adv.相当地
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless,
例如，一些早期社会不再认为特定仪式与他们的安康息息相关从而抛弃了这些仪式，
they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
然而，他们将围绕仪式产生的神话变为口头传授传统的一部分，并且对其所具有的艺术价值而不是宗教价值进行赞美。
aspect
n.方向，外观
We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community's resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.
我们必须了解对群落抵抗、破坏和恢复来说哪些是最重要的。
approach
n.方法，接近v.靠近；接近
Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports.
我们可以根据工艺品的功能来将它们进行简单地分类：容器、遮盖物以及支撑物。
pacific
adj.和解的；温和的
Pacific
n.太平洋 adj.太平洋的
The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment.
在北太平洋地区，印第安人创造了一种非常复杂的航海文化，他们的生产模式非常适应当地的特殊环境。