改错练习
Besides concerns about how ads affect individuals, critics have raised ethical issues about how advertising affects society. For example, J. K. Galbraith argued that advertising creates the desires that the production of consumer goods then satisfy.(1)____ Others accuse advertising for creating a materialistic society full of people think that happiness lies in owning things and who are obsessed with buying consumer goods.(2)____(3)____ These critics think we are creating a society in which private goods are plentiful and in which public goods, which are seldom advertised, are ignored-a society rich in private cars but whose highways and streets are disintegrating.(4)____ Ads drive selfish consumption on the expense of friendship, community, art, and truth.(5)____ Further more, advertising allows the system to "buy off" political unsatisfied people with promises and consumer goods, leading to political apathy and the undermining of democracy.(6)____ However, there are many who think these sorts of criticismsexaggerate the impact of ads on society.
Major social changes are caused by advertising; ads follow social trends, and they don't create them.(7)____ This debate centers on two perhaps resolvable issues.(8)____ First, there is the empirical question of how much impact advertising has on society; this is difficult to answer because the effect of ads cannot be separated from other social forces, and because it is hard to determine whether ads cause or follow social trends. Second, there is the ethical question of whether the purported effects, such as materialism, are morally objective.(9)____ Perhaps it is more helpful to look at specific issues rather than the social impact of advertising in the general.(10)____

答案解析
文章大意
本文讨论的是广告对社会的影响。除了关于广告对个人的影响之外，评论家们已经提出了广告对社会伦理的影响。有人认为，广告创造了对消费品的需求，然后再满足这个需求；有人认为广告创造了一个物质主义社会，把物质作为衡量幸福的标准；还有人认为，广告“贿赂”那些政治上未得到满足的人们，从而导致政治冷漠和民主削弱。当然，也有人认为这些批评夸大了广告对社会的影响。还有争论提到，广告只是遵从社会趋势，并不主导社会变革。
答案详解
1．satisfy→satisfies语法错误。此处that the production... then satisfy是定语从句，修饰名词desires，表示“消费品生产能满足的需求”。为保持时态一致，satisfy需向前面的动词creates看齐，且此处从句的主语是单数意义的词，所以应该用第三人称单数satisfies。
2．for→of词汇错误。此处考查的是accuse的动词搭配。accuse...of是固定搭配，意思为“控告，控诉”。所以要将for改为of。
3．∧think→who语法错误。此处考查的是定语从句的用法。people是先行词，think that...things是定语从句的内容，很明显此处缺少一个关系代词，且该关系代词在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。其实通过观察不难发现，people后接两个由and连接的定语从句，后一个从句的引导词也是who，所以此处增加who为最佳答案。本句大意是“其他人控诉广告创造了一个物质主义社会，在这样的社会里，人们认为幸福就是拥有，人人都痴迷于购物。”
4．and→but语篇错误。根据本句含义，我们可知作者在拿社会的两个方面做对比，一方面是私人物品充裕，另一方面是公共事物被忽视。下文破折号后的内容也表明了这个社会里“公”与“私”的明显对比，此处在语义上表转折，所以要将and改为but。
5．on→at词汇错误。此处考查at the expense/cost of的固定搭配，意思为“以……为代价”。
6．political→politically词汇错误。people是名词，前面有political和unsatisfied来修饰，但political不是用来修饰people的，此处并非政客的意思，而是指在政治上没有获得满足的人们，故应该是用副词politically修饰形容词unsatisfied，因此要改为politically，此句意为“还有人认为，广告“贿赂”那些政治上未得到满足的人们，从而导致政治冷漠和民主削弱。”
7．∧caused→not语篇错误。第二段谈论了社会变革和广告之间的关系。原句表示“主要的社会变革是由广告引起的”，而第二分句提到，广告遵循社会趋势而不是创造社会趋势，很明显两句话之间是矛盾的。而根据第一段最后一句的提示（然而很多人认为这些批评夸大了广告对社会的影响），可知错误的是第一分句，故将第一句改为否定含义，增加not，使上下文语义完整通顺。
8．resolvable→unresolvable语篇错误。接下来谈到的两个问题，作者用了difficult to answer和whether等词，这表明这些事件并不是能确切定性的，所以resolvable无从谈起。此处改为unresolvable，符合语义，指的是“两个无法解决的问题”。
9．objective→objectionable词汇错误。objective是形容词，意思为“客观的，真实的”，objectionable也是形容词，意思为“反对的，讨厌的”。materialism是一种唯物至上的思想，在道德观上看是消极否定的，一般情况下应诙是遭到反对的，所以此处改为objectionable。
10. the→the词汇错误。此处考查的是固定搭配in general的用法，意思为“总体，大体”，因此要删掉the。