改错练习

For years, nonprofit: hospitals have shied away from quantifying the amount of charitable care they provide communities. Hospital officials argue that it's almost impossible to put a dollar value on charity and doing so would take valuable tune and resources away from actually serving the need.(1)____(2)____
The charity question is significant because nonprofit hospitals get major tax breaks. Also, because of loopholes in state laws, nonprofit hospitals are often permitted to make huge profits.To complicate things further, the 2005 Government Accountability Office study concluded that.when it comes to charity care, the "differences between nonprofit and for-profit groups were often big."(3)____(4)____ To make up for this, nonprofit hospitals tend to arrange deals with city and state governments to provide "payment in lieu of taxes”(also known as PILOT programs).But for these payments often don’t equate the hospitals' overall tax benefit and are perceived as acts of good faith to show that hospitals are playing nice with their communities.(5)____(6)____
Recent economic downturns, therefore, have shined a detective’spotlight on the amount of charity care hospitals provide.(7)____ Investigative reports have shown up in Atlanta East Bay and Boston newspapers question charity care policies.(8)____The Boston Globe report calculated that Boston's "10 leading hospital companies benefited from an estimated $638 million in federal, state, and local tax breaks as well state discounts on borrowing in 2007, which accounts to $264 million more than the value of care for the poor and other charity work."(9)____(10)____

答案解析
文章大意
本文讨论的是非营利医院营利问题。一直以来非营利医院都在躲避量化其为社区提供的慈善医疗服务，院方官员声称把钱投入到慈善医疗中会减少为穷人服务的宝贵时间和资源。非营利医院可以享受大量的税务优惠，而事实上，它们和其他营利医院在提供慈善医疗服务的量上差距很小。为此，非营利医院向市政府和州政府提供一笔款项以替代税收，外界视其为向社区示好。而最近的经济萧条使得各大媒体聚焦医院所提供的慈善医疗服务方面。
答案详解
1．∧doing→that语法错误。此处和前面的that从句并列作argue的宾语，that在从句中不充当任何成分时，通常可以省略，但此处作为第二个分句的引导词不能省，故要加上一个that，这样句子条理会更清晰，不容易引起歧义。
2．need→needy词汇错误。need为名词意为“需要”，用在此处不太适合，needy作形容词意为“贫穷的”，the+a.，表示一类人，此处的意思是“穷人”。
3．the→a词汇错误。此处冠词修饰的study为可数名词，意为“研究”，在文中是第一次提及，故应该用不定冠词a。
4．big→small语篇错误。由上文可知，非营利医院在慈善医疗方面做的很少，可以判断，此处要表达的意思是“在慈善医疗服务方面，非营利医院和营利医院之间的差别很小。”故应该把big改为small。
5．for→for词汇错误。but for为固定搭配，意为“要不是”，后面接名词或短语，此处是一个完整的句子，故应该去掉for。
6．equate→equal词汇错误。equate表示为“同等看待”，equal作动词意为“等于，与……相等”，此处要表达的意思是“但是这些付款不等于医院总的税收收益”，故应该用equal符合上下文语境。
7．therefore→however语篇错误。上文已经提到非营利医院一直避开量化他们为社区提供的慈善医疗服务，本句则说近期的经济萧条使“侦探”的眼光聚焦到医院所提供的慈善医疗服务量上，前后形成对照，故此处应改用表示转折关系的however。
8．question→questioning语法错误。此处question应该作动词，但此句前面已经出现了谓语have shown up，故question只能是非谓语形式，由于它与主语reports之间是主动的关系，故用现在分词形式，作伴随状语，意为“质询，对……提出疑问”。
9．well∧→as词汇错误。as well为副词短语，意为“一样，也”，相当于too，通常放在句末，as well as为介词短语，意为“和……一样”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等，此处后面接了名词短语state discounts，故应该用as well as，意为“2007年十大医院享受的联邦、州和地方减税优惠额和州贷款折扣预计6.38亿美元。”
10．accounts→amounts词汇错误。此处考查形近词的辨析。amount to表示“合计”，此处后接金钱数额，符合语义。account怍动词时意为“看做；解释”，放在此处解释不通。