汉译英试题训练

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
酒和饮酒文化在中国的历史中占据着重要地位。从宋代开始，白酒（white liquor）成为中国人饮用的主要酒类。中国白酒制作工艺复杂，原料丰富多样，是世界著名的六大蒸馏酒(distilled liquor)之一。中国有很多优秀的白酒品牌，受到不同人群的喜爱。在当代社会，饮酒文化得到了前所未有的丰富和发展。不同地区和场合的饮酒习俗和礼仪已成为中国人日常生活中重要的部分。在几千年的文明史中，酒几乎渗透到社会生活中的各个领域，如文学创作、饮食保健等。诸葛

翻译及详解

参考翻译:

Alcohol and its drinking culture have always played a significant role in Chinese history. In the Song Dynasty, white liquor became the main type of alcohol Chinese people drunk. Chinese liquor has a complicated production process and can be made from various raw materials, making it one of the six world-famous distilled liquor. There are lots of excellent brands in China favored by different groups of people. In contemporary society, the drinking culture has undergone unprecedented enrichment and development. The drinking customs and rituals in different regions and on different occasions have become an important part of Chinese people's daily life. In thousands of years of civilization, alcohol has penetrated into almost every aspect of social life, such as literary creation, diet and health care.

翻译讲解

1.第二句的主干结构为“白酒成为主要酒类”；“中国人饮用的”可用定语从句（that）Chinese people drunk 表达，修饰“酒类”。
2.第三句由几个短句构成，如果直接对译，英文句中势必出现多个主语和多个谓语，而且表达也不连贯。建议本句以“中国白酒”为主语，“制作工艺复杂”译为has a complicated production process；“原料丰富多样”采用被动语态can be made from various raw materials；“是…之一”与前面两个短语暗含因果关系，可将这部分译为现在分词短语作结果状语making it...。
3.“饮酒文化得到了前所未有的发展”中的“得到”指的是经历的过程，因此译为undergo而非get或obtain，更符合汉语想要表达的意思，也能跟enrichment和development更好地搭配。
4.倒数第二句中的“不同地区和场合的饮酒习俗和礼仪”的核心词为“饮酒习俗和礼仪”，“不同地区和场合”可译为介词短语in different regions and on different occasions作后置定语，修饰核心词。