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ABC新闻:荷尔蒙疗法安全么？
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How risky is hormone replacement therapy
荷尔蒙疗法安全么？
Back now at 7:44 this morning on Today's Health，a warning about hormone replacement therapy. A new study in this week's journal the American Medial Association found that it is even riskier for post-menopausal women that originally thought. We’re gonna to see chief medical editor Dr. Nancy Snyderm joining us now with details on this. Nancy, good morning. This is a part of that original study in 2002. It was called theWomen's Health Initiative.
回到我们的节目，现在是7:44，今天的健康话题是关于荷尔蒙替代疗法的警告。本周美国医疗协会一项研究发现，对于绝经后的女性来说，该疗法比原本认为的甚至更危险。今天，首席医疗编辑Nancy Snyderm医生将加入我们的节目。Nancy，早上好。这是2002年最初研究的一部分，叫做女性健康倡议。
Women's Health Initiative, Right!
女性健康倡议，对！
And it came to an abrupt end because of a very dramatic finding.
由于结果非常引人注目，该倡议非常仓促地结束。
Yes. It came to an abrupt end in 2002 because this study put women on hormones and women not hormones and looked at how they did and the women who were on a combination of estrogen and progesterone had higher levels of breast cancer. So this is what those great studies where they said, you know what, “It is so clear. Let's stop it now. ” And interestingly, we watched breast cancer rates drop after that study was completed because so many women got the message.
是的，2002年该倡议仓促结束，因为研究查看了依赖荷尔蒙和不依赖荷尔蒙进行治疗的女性的状况，发现综合使用雌性激素和黄体酮的女性患乳腺癌的水平更高。所以这些研究的结果就显而易见了，“很明显，现在马上停止吧。”有趣的是，我们发现，该研究结束后，许多女性了解了该信息，乳腺癌患病率下降了。
And these researchers have now since been following, continuing to follow these women. They followed over 12, 000 women, they surveyed them now for 11 years. And what they have found?
而现在，研究人员仍在追踪这些女性的情况。他们追踪调查了1.2万名女性，现在调查时间已经超过11年。他们发现了什么？
That's very significant amount of time. It's really good.
这是相当长的一段时间。非常好。
And look at this. They have found that the increased risk of advanced breast cancer now. They’re finding that it actually is worse than they originally thought.
看一下这里。他们发现，乳腺癌晚期患病率增加。他们发现，情况甚至比原本认为的更加糟糕。
More aggressive tumors and tumors have spread to lymph nodes. So to me, when you look at this, this is one more nail in the coffin. Of post-menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy, most women will start when they have hot flushes they feel they have sort of mental loopiness of menopause. Their skin feels better, their bones are stronger. And then they say “Well, I like these hormones, I'd like to stay on them.” And I get that. The reality is there's no free lunch. And there's a price to pay for taking medications, especially for a prolonged period of time. So for some women who are really agonizingly having a difficult time with menopausal symptoms, the question to ask their doctor is: 1.If I take these, how short a period of time can I take them? How low can the dose be? And then, let's, in reality, talk about facing the all for them. I am not a believer as I've said many times before, on the idea that women should be on these kinds of hormones for a prolonged period of time and this is very important science.
更加侵略性的肿瘤已经扩散至淋巴结。所以，对我来说，这意味着距离死亡更近了一步。对于接受荷尔蒙替代疗法的绝经后女性来说，大部分女性感觉出现潮热，出现更年期精神空虚之后，她们就会开始使用该疗法。通过治疗，她们的皮肤感觉更好，骨骼更加强壮。她们说，“哇，不错，我喜欢这些荷尔蒙，我要继续使用。”我理解这一点。事实是，世界上没有免费的午餐。服用这些药物是有代价的，是有副作用的，尤其是长期服用。所以，对一些更年期症状非常明显而感到苦恼的女性来说，要问医生的一个问题就是：第一，如果我要服用这些药物，要服用多短的时间？一剂可以持续多长时间？然后就是，面对现实。我并不像以前多次说的那样信奉这种疗法。我并不认为女性可以长期依赖这些荷尔蒙。这是非常重要的科学。
So for women who've already got off them, because a lot of women, when the information first came out, they got off the drugs. That's it. But would they do now still have an increased risk?
对于那些已经停止服用药物的女性来说，因为许多女性在听说这个消息后已经停止了药物。但是这些人群患病的风险是否仍然会增加？
We have believed that as women get off of them, that risk goes back to almost zero after three or four years. Some people hedge their bets thing will maybe not down to zero, but we do know the minute you get off them, you start to revert to a more normal state. This is not the kind of thing that once you take them, you do permanent damage. But two to three years, if you are going to do them, max, I would say, for most women looked at other life style changes and consider not taking hormones.
我们相信，停止这种疗法后，三至五年后患病风险就会降至接近零的水平。一些人认为风险可能不会降低到零，但是我们知道，你停止服用的那一刻，你就开始向正常状态转变。这并不是一旦服用就会造成永久性伤害的疗法。但是两至三年后，如果你能做到的话，我要说，人们会注重生活方式的其他改变，而不是服用荷尔蒙。
We want to mention that this hormone we are talking about is called Prempro.
我们要提一下，我们讨论的这种荷尔蒙名叫Prempro。
Prempro. It's a combined hormone therapy.
Prempro。这是一种联合激素疗法。
Right. It's synthetic. Estrogen and progesterone, and for some women who say “Oh, yeah, well, I take the natural stuff.” Just want to caution them there's no science to prove that the natural stuff is any different. Pay attention to this one. It's big news.
对。这是一种合成药物。雌激素和黄体酮。一些女性说，“好啊，那我服用天然产品。”对于这些女性来说，我要提醒他们，没有科学证据表明天然产品有什么不同。注意这一点，这是很重要的消息。
Doctor Nancy Snyderm, telling us what for this morning. Thank you so much for taking care of us.
Nancy Snyderm医生跟我们讲述了非常重要的消息。非常感谢您对我们的关爱。
CCTV9:清明期间华南迎来降雨降温
S. China sees rainy days, temperature fluctuations
清明期间华南迎来降雨降温
Chinese meteorological authorities say that southern provinces of China will see continuous rainfall and possible temperature drops later today.
Rain storms are expected to hit southern and eastern provinces including Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Meanwhile, the southern region to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River will see its temperature drop below 10 degrees centigrade between Tuesday and Friday.
Experts warn that the low temperatures and continuous rain may cause damage to agricultural crops in this region.
CCTV9视频:毕业季来临 你毕业还是失业?
Fight for a job or strike off on your own after graduation?
毕业季来临 你毕业还是失业?
This month, the Beijing government helped create over 40-thousand jobs for new college graduates. But with millions of young workers flooding the job market every year in China, the fight for jobs remains fierce. That's why many of them - despite lacking both money and experience - opt to start their own business.
With a mixed sense of hope and uncertainty. Liu Huanhua has decided to try her luck at this on-campus job fair.
As a graduating student at Beijing's Renmin University, she believes the fair represents her best shot at finding a job.
"The on-campus job fair provides us with more opportunities to find companies. We can have face-to-face talks with potential employers to know more about their companies and evaluate each other," she said.
Huanhua is one of more than 7 million graduating students in China this year, most of whom are under intense pressure to find a job.
Huanhua dreams of following in her parents' footsteps and opening her own business... but she admits that getting a job is more practical option in the short term.
"Both my parents are entrepreneurs, so I am fully aware of the hardship of starting a business. It requires a steadfast determination to cope with all sorts of difficulties. I have seen what my parents have been through. I am not ready for that. I prefer to gain some working experience first, and then maybe I'll start my own business. But not now," she said.
Which is why graduating students like Liu Huanhua have decided not to start their own businesses, at least for now. But across China, there are still hundreds of thousands of other young people who have decided to face up to the challenges and employ themselves right after their graduation.
Zhang Meng is one example.
She founded the "Alliance for Global Youth Leadership". Although the alliance is a non-profit organization, she believes entrepreneurship does not necessarily have to be money-oriented.
"All types of entrepreneurship or commercial activities are actually about meeting social and economic needs in new ways, and bridging the gap between supply and demand. It’s about applying new ideas to an old system. This is the dynamics of entrepreneurship," she said.
Her team has been providing graduating college students and young pioneers with guidance to start their own business.
"When you're in college, first of all, you have no start-up fund, no connections, and you have no guidance. What you’ve learnt at school is far from enough. Our organization is now offering such a platform where college students and entrepreneurs can come together to solve those problems," she said.
Thanks to the alliance, more and more companies are offering start-up funds for young entrepreneurs. A trend the government has been encouraging.
Just last month, Premier Li Keqiang stressed the importance of stimulating employment and helping new graduates start their own companies.
But that takes creativity, determination, and a sense of initiative.
"Starting a business is not for everyone. It's quite demanding. But for those who have problems finding a proper job, I encourage them to start their own business. It can give full play to your dynamic side. And you can do things that will surprise others, as well as yourself," said professor Sun Qixiang, from Peking University.
The path to success is tough. Liu Huanhua is still searching for the job that suits her best. Those striking off on their own face equal difficulties.
But with the government and civil society increasingly lending a helping hand... expect the number of success stories to rise.
