II. Helping Improve People's Livelihood

二、推动民生改善

One of the important objectives of China's foreign assistance is to support other developing countries to reduce poverty and improve the livelihood of their peoples. China prioritizes supporting other developing countries to develop agriculture, enhance education level, improve medical and health services and build public welfare facilities, and provide emergency humanitarian aid when they suffer severe disasters.
支持其他发展中国家减少贫困和改善民生，是中国对外援助的主要内容。中国重点支持其他发展中国家促进农业发展，提高教育水平，改善医疗服务，建设社会公益设施，并在其他国家遭遇重大灾害时及时提供人道主义援助。
1. Promoting Agricultural Development
（一）促进农业发展
Agricultural development is crucial to poverty reduction in developing countries. Through establishing agricultural technology demonstration centers, dispatching agricultural experts to provide consultations and conduct technical cooperation, and training technical and managerial personnel on agriculture in other developing countries, China has taken proactive efforts to help other developing countries raise their agricultural productivity to effectively cope with food crises. From 2010 to 2012, China assisted 49 agricultural projects, dispatched over 1,000 agricultural experts to recipient countries, and provided them with a great quantity of machinery, improved varieties of grain, fertilizers and other agricultural materials.
农业发展对发展中国家减少贫困至关重要。中国通过援建农业技术示范中心、派遣农业专家提供咨询和开展技术合作、培训农业技术和管理人员等方式，积极帮助其他发展中国家提高农业生产能力，有效应对粮食危机。2010年至2012年，中国对外援建49个农业项目，派遣1000多名农业技术专家，并提供大量农业机械、良种、化肥等农用物资。
Assisting the establishment of agricultural technology demonstration centers. Such centers provide an important platform for China's foreign assistance in agriculture. From 2010 to 2012, China-assisted agricultural demonstration centers were completed in 17 countries, including Benin, Mozambique, Sudan, Liberia, Rwanda, Laos, and East Timor. China passed on advanced and applicable production technologies to local farmers through experiment, demonstration and training. The demonstration center in Liberia promoted hybrid rice and corn planting in areas of nearly 1,000 hectares, and trained over 1,000 local agricultural researchers and farmers. The demonstration center in Rwanda researched, experimented on and demonstrated the adaptability of paddy rice and fungi in the context of the local traditional agriculture, and provided technical training to women's associations, paddy rice growers' associations and other organizations in Rwanda.
援建农业技术示范中心。农业技术示范中心是中国在农业领域开展对外援助的重要平台。2010年至2012年，中国在贝宁、莫桑比克、苏丹、利比里亚、卢旺达、老挝、东帝汶等17国援建的农业技术示范中心陆续竣工。中国通过试验、示范、培训等多种方式，将先进适用的农业生产技术推广给当地民众。利比里亚农业技术示范中心推广杂交水稻和玉米种植面积近千公顷，培训当地农业科研人员和农民千余人次。卢旺达农业技术示范中心开展菌草、稻谷等种类的适应性研究、试验和示范工作，注意结合当地传统农业，并将技术培训推广至卢旺达妇女协会、稻谷种植协会等机构。
Dispatching senior agricultural experts and expert teams. Chinese agricultural experts took an active part in the agricultural planning of the recipient countries. The expert team dispatched to Benin provided expertise to the drafting of the country's Agricultural Law and Agricultural Administration Law. The expert teams sent to Botswana and Guinea-Bissau participated in the formulation of the two countries' agricultural development plans. Chinese experts assisted recipient countries in promoting their agricultural development. The expert team helped Lesotho with its application to the World Health Organization for FMD (foot-and-mouth disease) free membership. The expert team to Mauritania assisted the country in drawing up the plan for building its central laboratory for agricultural comprehensive analysis and testing. Chinese experts actively disseminated easy-to-learn agricultural techniques suited to the conditions of recipient countries. The expert team to Botswana promoted the use of plastic mulch incrop production. The expert team to Mali devised and promoted the use of iron harrows as a means of intensive cultivation in the paddy fields.
派遣高级农业专家和农业技术组。中国向其他发展中国家派遣的农业专家，积极参与受援国农业规划工作，援贝宁专家组协助起草该国《农业法》和《农业管理法》，援博茨瓦纳、几内亚比绍专家组分别参与编写两国的《农业发展规划》。协助受援国完成促进农业发展工作，援莱索托专家组协助该国向世界卫生组织申请无口蹄疫国家地位，援毛里塔尼亚专家组协助制定农业综合分析测试中心实验室建设方案。积极推广简单适用的农业技术，援博茨瓦纳专家组推广地膜覆盖种植技术，援马里专家组设计推广稻田铁制水耙，帮助当地农民进行精耕细作。
Training technical and managerial personnel on agriculture. Taking the characteristics and actual needs of agricultural development in developing countries into consideration, China provided nearly 300 research and training programs of various forms for almost 7,000 agricultural officials and technicians from the recipient countries. These programs covered a wide range of sectors, including management of crop cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, national policymaking on rural development and poverty reduction, food security, and agricultural cooperation among developing countries, and issues concerning the agricultural chain, such as technology dissemination and the processing, storage, marketing and distribution of agricultural products.
开展农业管理与技术培训。中国结合发展中国家农业发展特点和实际需要，举办近300期形式多样、内容丰富的研修和培训项目，培训了近7000名农业官员和技术人员。农业培训项目领域广泛，既涵盖种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业等农业管理领域，也涉及农村发展与减贫、粮食安全、农业南南合作等宏观政策制订问题，同时关注农业技术推广、农产品加工、储藏、销售与流通等产业链发展议题。
2. Improving the Level of Education
（二）提高教育水平
From 2010 to 2012, China continuously intensified its efforts of foreign assistance in education by way of constructing and maintaining school buildings, providing teaching facilities, training teachers, offering more government scholarships for foreign students to study in China, and assisting with the development of vocational and technical education, for the purpose of helping other developing countries improve their educational level and support their balanced and equitable development in education.
2010年至2012年，为帮助其他发展中国家提升教育水平，支持其教育均衡、公平发展，中国通过援建维修校舍、提供教学设备、培养师资力量、增加来华留学政府奖学金名额、支持职业技术教育发展等，不断加大教育援助力度。
Improving teaching and learning conditions. China assisted over 80 projects in relation to educational facilities, including the construction and maintenance of primary and secondary schools, universities and colleges as well as libraries, and has effectively improved the teaching and learning conditions in the recipient countries. China provided large amounts of free educational facilities and materials to the recipient countries, including computers, teaching tools, stationery and sports equipment, and established university online education networks and distance education systems. In this way, China facilitated the efforts of recipient countries to diversify their means and expand the coverage of education.
改善教学条件。中国援助了80余个教育设施项目，包括援建或维修中小学校、大学院校、图书馆等，有效改善了受援国的教学环境。中国为受援国无偿提供计算机、教学用具、文体用品等大批教学设备物资，帮助受援国建设大学网络平台和远程教学系统，为受援国丰富教学方式、扩大教学覆盖面创造了条件。
Training teachers. In the three years, China trained over 1,000 educational officials, principals and faculty members from other developing countries by holding over 30 educational training programs, including those for senior administrators of colleges and universities, for higher education management, for vocational education management, for principals and teachers of primary and secondary schools, and for distance education.
培养师资力量。中国举办了30多期院校高级管理人员培训班、高等教育管理培训班、职业教育管理培训班、中小学校长和教师研修班、现代远程教育研修班等，为发展中国家培训千余名教育官员、校长和教职人员。
Supporting vocational and technical education. Thousands of local people have been trained in the China-assisted Friendship Vocational Training Center in Omdurman. To increase its enrolment, China started the upgrading and expansion project of the center. China took active steps to help the recipient countries develop vocational and technical education. From 2001 to 2012, China dispatched over 400 teachers to Ethiopia to train the local teachers working in agricultural vocational and technical education. A total of 1,800 teachers from agricultural vocational schools and 35,000 agricultural technicians received training.
支持职业技术教育。中国在苏丹援建的恩图曼友谊职业培训中心累计为苏方培训学员数千名，为进一步扩大招生规模，中国已启动该中心的改扩建工程。中国积极帮助受援国发展职业技术教育。2001年至2012年，中国与埃塞俄比亚联合开展农业职业技术教育培训，累计向埃方派出400余人次教师，培训当地农业职业院校教师1800名、农业技术人员35000名。
Increasing government scholarships to foreign students. From 2010 to 2012, the Chinese government assisted 76,845 foreign students to study in China. To promote regional development, China has continuously increased government scholarships to African students and augmented assistance for students from the ASEAN countries and the Pacific island countries to help under-developed countries in these regions develop their human resources.
增加来华留学政府奖学金名额。2010年至2012年，中国政府共资助76845名留学生来华学习。为促进地区发展，中国不断扩大非洲国家来华留学政府奖学金名额，加大对东盟国家以及太平洋岛国等来华留学的支持，帮助上述地区欠发达国家培养人才。
3. Improving Medical and Health Services
（三）改善医疗卫生条件
Medical and health care is a major field where China directs its foreign assistance. From 2010 to 2012, China helped recipient countries improve their medical and health services, raise their disease control and prevention ability, and enhance their public health capacity by constructing hospitals, providing medicine and medical equipment, dispatching medical teams, training medical workers and conducting exchanges and cooperation on disease prevention and treatment with other developing countries.
医疗卫生是中国对外援助的重点领域之一。2010年至2012年，通过援建医院、提供药品和医疗设备、派遣医疗队、培训医疗人员、与发展中国家共同开展疾病防治交流合作等形式，中国支持受援国进一步改善医疗卫生条件，提高疾病防控水平，加强公共卫生能力建设。
Constructing medical facilities and providing free medical equipment. China assisted about 80 construction projects of medical facilities, including general hospitals, mobile hospitals, health centers, specialist clinics, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) centers, which have effectively alleviated the shortage of medical and health facilities in recipient countries. Moreover, China provided them with about 120 batches of medical equipment and medicine, including color Doppler ultrasound machines, CT scanners, automatic biochemical analyzers, maternal and infant monitors, critical surgical instruments, ICU monitors, and MRI scanners as well as drugs against diseases such as malaria and cholera.
援助设施和设备。中国援建约80个医疗设施项目，其中包括综合性医院、流动医院、保健中心、专科诊疗中心、中医中心等，有效缓解受援国医疗卫生设施不足的问题。同时，中国向受援国提供约120批医疗设备和药品物资，包括多普勒彩超仪、CT扫描仪、全自动生化仪、母婴监护仪、重要手术器械、重症监护检测仪、核磁共振仪等高端医疗设备，以及防治疟疾、霍乱等疾病的药品。
Dispatching medical teams. China dispatched 55 medical teams with 3,600 medical workers to nearly 120 medical centers in recipient countries. They trained tens of thousands of local medical staff, which has relieved to a certain extent the shortage of medical services in recipient countries. The training was carried out through demonstrations, lectures, technical courses and academic exchanges, covering such topics as the prevention and treatment of malaria, AIDS, schistosomiasis and other infectious diseases, patient care, the treatment of diabetes and rheumatism, as well as the TCM of acupuncture application, naprapathy, health care methods and Chinese medicines. From 2010 to 2012, more than 100 Chinese medical workers were conferred medals by the recipient countries for their outstanding contributions.
派遣医疗队。中国对外派遣55支援外医疗队，累计3600名医护人员，在受援国近120个医疗点开展工作，培训当地医护人员数万人，一定程度上缓解了受援国医疗服务供需矛盾。在援外医疗工作中，医疗队员通过观摩示范、专题讲座、技术培训和学术交流等方式积极培训当地医务人员，内容涉及疟疾、艾滋病、血吸虫病等传染病防治，病人护理以及糖尿病、风湿病治疗等领域，针灸、推拿、保健、中医药等中国传统医学。三年中，100多名中国医疗队员因贡献突出获得受援国颁发的勋章。
Carrying out Brightness Trip activities. Brightness Trip program was actively carried out in both governmental and non-governmental channels to help other developing countries in the treatment of eye diseases. From 2003, China started to send medical teams to provide free surgery for patients with eye diseases in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Pakistan and other Asian countries. In November 2010, a Chinese Brightness Trip medical team arrived in Africa for the first time and carried out operations for over 1,000 cataract patients in countries including Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique and Sudan.
开展“光明行”活动。中国通过政府与民间渠道并进的方式积极开展“光明行”活动，帮助其他发展中国家治疗更多眼病患者。从2003年起，中国先后派医疗队赴朝鲜、柬埔寨、孟加拉国、越南、巴基斯坦等亚洲国家，为当地眼科疾病患者免费实施治疗。2010年11月，中国“光明行”医疗队首次赴非洲，为津巴布韦、马拉维、莫桑比克、苏丹等国千余名白内障患者进行治疗。
Assisting the prevention and control of infectious diseases. From 2010 to 2012, China provided 60 batches of antimalarial medicine, H1N1 influenza vaccine and cholera vaccine free of charge to other developing countries and held training in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the expenditure for this purpose accumulating to RMB200 million. In 2007, China and the Comoros launched a cooperation program of treating malaria with an artemisinin compound, an effective antimalarial drug, which helped the Comorian island of Moheli reduce its incidence of malaria by 90%. From 2010 to 2012, while making further progress in Moheli, China started promoting the program on the Comorian island of Anjoyan.
提供传染病防控援助。三年中，中国向其他发展中国家无偿提供了60批抗疟药、甲流疫苗及霍乱疫苗，并开展传染病防治培训，以上援助项目累计金额近2亿元人民币。2007年，中国与科摩罗启动青蒿素复方快速控制疟疾合作项目，使科摩罗莫埃利岛的疟疾发病率较同期下降90%。2010年至2012年，在进一步巩固已开展灭疟项目成效的同时，中国在科摩罗昂儒昂岛推广灭疟项目。
4. Building Public Welfare Facilities
（四）建设公益设施
To support other developing countries in improving their people's livelihood and organizing public activities, China actively assisted the construction of urban and rural public welfare facilities, affordable housing and social activity venues, provided relevant equipment and materials, and conducted technical cooperation on operation and management.
为支持其他发展中国家改善民众生活条件、开展社会公共活动，2010年至2012年，中国积极援建城市和农村公共福利设施、民用保障性住宅以及社会活动场馆，提供相关设备及物资，并开展运营管理技术合作。
Carrying out well-drilling and water-supply projects. China undertook 29 well-drilling and water-supply projects in other developing countries, and drilled over 600 wells. Despite tough natural conditions and the threat of epidemics and terrorism, senior hydrogeologists and engineering geologists from China helped the recipient countries drill wells and undertake water-supply projects. China helped drill 200 fresh water wells in Kara and Centrale of Togo respectively and 38 wells in Darfur, Sudan and Kator of Juba, South Sudan, all of which were equipped with submersible pumps and generator sets. The China-assisted water-supply project in Zinder, Niger has solved the problem of drinking water for hundreds of thousands of local residents.
实施打井供水项目。中国在发展中国家实施打井供水项目29个，共打水井600余眼。中国派遣高级水文地质与工程地质专家，克服自然环境恶劣、疾病侵袭及恐怖主义威胁等困难，帮助受援国打井供水。中国在多哥的卡拉区和中央区各打出200眼饮用水井，在苏丹达尔富尔地区和南苏丹朱巴市科托尔地区共打出38眼水井，并修建配套潜水泵和发电机组。在尼日尔援建的津德尔供水工程，解决了该地区数十万居民的饮水问题。
Improving people's living conditions. China assisted 80 residential housing and affordable housing projects in other developing countries, totaling about 600,000 square meters in floor space. China's architects and engineers gave full consideration to the living habits and environmental features of the recipient countries in both external and interior design, and exercised strict quality control while making efforts to reduce costs, for the purpose of providing comfortable and endurable houses to local residents.
改善民众居住环境。中国为其他发展中国家援建民用住宅、经济保障性住房等民生项目80个，总建筑面积近60万平方米。中国结合受援国当地生活习惯和环境特点，科学设计住宅外观，合理安排内部结构，在节约建筑成本的同时，严把建筑质量关，努力为受援国民众建造简洁美观、结实耐用的经济型住房。
Assisting the construction of public facilities. China assisted 86 construction projects of public cultural venues, sports venues, office buildings and conference centers in other developing countries. These projects helped enrich local residents' cultural and recreational life, improve the working conditions of local governments, and create a better cityscape. China assisted the rehabilitation of Sri Lanka's Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, which was a gift from China in the 1970s and took on new dimensions four decades later. China funded the construction of Gabon's 40,000-seat stadium Stade d' Angondje, which hosted the competition final and closing ceremony of the 28th Africa Cup of Nations in 2012. China assisted the construction of the 20,000-square-meter Grand National Theater in Senegal, one of the largest theaters in Africa.
援建公用设施。中国在其他发展中国家援建文化场所、体育场馆、办公会议设施等公共设施项目86个，为丰富当地民众文化体育生活、改善所在国政府办公条件、提升城市形象发挥了促进作用。中国为斯里兰卡维修纪念班达拉奈克国际会议中心，使这一40年前中方援建的项目焕然一新。中国为加蓬援建的4万人座体育场，2012年成功承办了第28届非洲杯足球赛决赛和闭幕式。在塞内加尔援建的国家大剧院总建筑面积近2万平方米，是目前非洲规模最大的剧院之一。
5. Humanitarian Aid
（五）开展人道主义援助
Over the past few years, the world has been frequently hit by severe natural disasters caused by earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and droughts as well as humanitarian crises caused by wars, and many countries have suffered serious casualties and property losses. China has made quick response to the appeals of the international community by providing relief materials or cash aid and dispatching rescue and medical teams as needed, to help the victim countries with disaster relief and post-disaster reconstruction.
近年来，地震、飓风、洪涝、干旱等自然灾害和战乱造成的人道主义灾难时常发生，造成受灾国人员伤亡和重大财产损失。中国积极响应国际社会呼吁，及时提供紧急救灾物资或现汇援助，并根据需要派遣救援队和医疗队，帮助受灾国减轻灾害影响，尽快重建家园。
Providing emergency relief materials or cash aid. From 2010 to 2012, the Chinese government provided RMB1.2 billion worth of emergency relief materials in some 50 batches, including tents, blankets, emergency lights, generators, fuel oil, food, medicine and water filters, to countries affected by natural disasters or humanitarian crises, such as the earthquake in Haiti, floods in Cambodia, earthquake in Myanmar, floods in Pakistan, hurricane in Cuba, the war in Libya, and the turmoil in Syria. In addition, China provided cash aid totaling RMB300 million.
提供紧急救援物资或现汇援助。三年中，中国政府针对海地地震、柬埔寨特大洪灾、缅甸地震、巴基斯坦洪灾、古巴飓风、利比亚战乱、叙利亚动荡等自然灾害和人道主义灾难，提供了近50批紧急救灾物资，包括帐篷、毛毯、紧急照明设备、发电机、燃油、食品、药品及净水设备等，价值约12亿元人民币。此外，提供现汇援助约3亿元人民币。
Assisting African countries in coping with the food crisis. In 2011 and 2012, the Horn of Africa and the Sahel were stricken by severe droughts and over 30 million people were faced with a serious food shortage. In 2011, the Chinese government provided on three occasions a total of RMB440 million worth of emergency food aid to the countries of the Horn of Africa, such as Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti and Somali. In 2012, the Chinese government provided RMB70 million worth of emergency food aid to Chad, Mali, Niger and other countries in the Sahel.
帮助非洲国家应对粮食危机。2011年至2012年，非洲之角和萨赫勒地区连续遭遇严重旱灾，超过3000万民众陷入饥饿之中。2011年，中国政府先后三次向埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、吉布提、索马里等非洲之角国家提供紧急粮食援助，总额达4.4亿元人民币。2012年，中国政府向乍得、马里、尼日尔等非洲萨赫勒地区国家提供了价值总计7000万元人民币的粮食援助。
Supporting post-disaster reconstruction. In 2010, Pakistan was hit by a severe flood rarely seen in history. The Chinese government promptly carried out rescue work in all aspects and through multiple channels, participated in post-flood reconstruction by helping the victims and rebuilding transportation infrastructure as the country requested. China also provided cash aid to support Pakistan government's compensation packages for victims, and undertook the restoration project of the 340-kilometer national highway network destroyed in the flood-stricken areas, enabling 150 million people to have access to the traffic network. In March 2012, a series of blasts occurred in the north of Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of Congo. China assisted the construction of settlements for people displaced from their homes and actively supported reconstruction after the explosions.
支持灾后重建。2010年，巴基斯坦遭受历史罕见洪灾，中国政府迅速展开多渠道、全方位的救援行动，并根据巴方需要，在灾民救助、交通基础设施等领域参与灾后重建。中国提供现汇援助，支持巴基斯坦政府“灾民补偿计划”；承担了受灾地区全长340公里的国道公路网修复工程，辐射受益人口达1.5亿。2012年3月，刚果（布）首都布拉柴维尔姆皮拉地区发生爆炸事件后，中国援建了灾民安置住房，积极支持灾后重建。
Helping improve disaster prevention and relief capacity. China helped recipient countries enhance their emergency rescue, disaster prevention and relief capacity by ways of providing materials and training. Over the three years, China provided over 10 batches of rescue vehicles and equipment, and held 30 training programs on disaster prevention and relief for other developing countries, sharing experience with over 700 officials and technicians.
提高防灾救灾能力。中国通过提供物资、开展培训等方式，帮助受援国提升应急救援水平，增强防灾救灾能力。三年中，中国对外无偿提供了十余批救援车辆及其他设备；为发展中国家举办防灾救灾培训班和研修班约30期，与700余名官员、技术人员交流分享救灾防灾经验。