Preface

前言

China is the world's largest developing country. In its development, it has endeavored to integrate the interests of the Chinese people with people of other countries, providing assistance to the best of its ability to other developing countries within the framework of South-South cooperation to support and help other developing countries, especially the least developed countries (LDCs), to reduce poverty and improve livelihood. China has proactively promoted international development and cooperation and played a constructive role in this aspect.
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。在发展进程中，中国坚持把中国人民的利益同各国人民的共同利益结合起来，在南南合作框架下向其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，支持和帮助发展中国家特别是最不发达国家减少贫困、改善民生。中国以积极的姿态参与国际发展合作，发挥出建设性作用。
When providing foreign assistance, China adheres to the principles of not imposing any political conditions, not interfering in the internal affairs of the recipient countries and fully respecting their right to independently choosing their own paths and models of development. The basic principles China upholds in providing foreign assistance are mutual respect, equality, keeping promise, mutual benefits and win-win.
中国提供对外援助，坚持不附带任何政治条件，不干涉受援国内政，充分尊重受援国自主选择发展道路和模式的权利。相互尊重、平等相待、重信守诺、互利共赢是中国对外援助的基本原则。
In recent years, China's foreign assistance has kept growing. The following is an introduction of China's foreign assistance from 2010 to 2012.
近年来，中国对外援助规模持续增长，对外援助事业稳步发展。这里，就2010年至2012年的对外援助情况作一介绍。
I. Developing Foreign Assistance Cause Steadily
一、稳步发展对外援助事业
The scale of China's foreign assistance kept expanding from 2010 to 2012. Besides complete projects and goods and materials, which were the main forms of China's foreign assistance, technical cooperation and human resources development cooperation also saw remarkable increases. Asia and Africa were the major recipient areas of China's foreign assistance. To promote the realization of Millennium Development Goals, China directed most of its assisting funds to low-income developing countries.
2010年至2012年，中国对外援助规模持续增长。其中，成套项目建设和物资援助是主要援助方式，技术合作和人力资源开发合作增长显著。亚洲和非洲是中国对外援助的主要地区。为促进实现千年发展目标，中国对外援助资金更多地投向低收入发展中国家。
1. Financial Resources for Foreign Assistance
（一）援助资金
From 2010 to 2012, China appropriated in total 89.34 billion yuan (14.41 billion U.S. dollars) for foreign assistance in three types: grant (aid gratis), interest-free loan and concessional loan.
2010年至2012年，中国对外援助金额为893.4亿元人民币。对外援助资金包括无偿援助、无息贷款和优惠贷款三种方式。
Grant is mainly offered to help recipient countries build small or medium-sized social welfare projects, and to fund human resources development cooperation, technical cooperation, material assistance and emergency humanitarian aid. In the three years, China provided 32.32 billion yuan of grants, accounting for 36.2 percent of the total assistance volume.
无偿援助重点用于帮助受援国建设中小型社会福利项目以及实施人力资源开发合作、技术合作、物资援助和紧急人道主义援助等。三年中，中国对外提供无偿援助323.2亿元人民币，占对外援助总额的36.2%。
Interest-free loan is mainly used to help recipient countries construct public facilities and launch projects to improve people's livelihood. In the three years, China offered 7.26 billion yuan of interest-free loans, taking up 8.1 percent of its foreign assistance volume.
无息贷款主要用于帮助受援国建设社会公共设施和民生项目。三年中，中国对外提供无息贷款72.6亿元人民币，占对外援助总额的8.1%。
Concessional loan is mainly used to help recipient countries undertake manufacturing projects and large and medium-sized infrastructure projects with economic and social benefits, or for the supply of complete plants, machinery and electronic products. In the three years, the concessional loans China provided to other countries amounted to 49.76 billion yuan, or 55.7 percent of its total assistance volume in the same period.
优惠贷款主要用于帮助受援国建设有经济社会效益的生产型项目、大中型基础设施项目，提供较大型成套设备、机电产品等。三年中，中国对外提供优惠贷款497.6亿元人民币，占对外援助总额的55.7%。
Foreign assistance budget is put under the unified management of the Ministry of Finance in line with the budget and final accounts system. Concessional loans are raised by the Export-Import Bank of China on the market. As the loan interest is lower than the benchmark interest released by the People's Bank of China, the difference is made up by the state as financial subsidies.
援外预算资金由财政部按预决算制统一管理。优惠贷款本金由中国进出口银行通过市场筹措，贷款利率低于中国人民银行公布的基准利率，由此产生的利息差额由国家财政补贴。
2. Distribution of Foreign Assistance
（二）援助分布
From 2010 to 2012, China provided assistance to 121 countries, including 30 in Asia, 51 in Africa, nine in Oceania, 19 in Latin America and the Caribbean and 12 in Europe. Besides, China also provided assistance to regional organizations such as the African Union (AU).
2010年至2012年，中国共向121个国家提供了援助，其中亚洲地区30国，非洲地区51国，大洋洲地区9国，拉美和加勒比地区19国，欧洲地区12国。此外，中国还向非洲联盟等区域组织提供了援助。
3. Forms of Foreign Assistance
（三）援助方式
From 2010 to 2012, China provided foreign assistance mainly in the following forms: undertaking complete projects, providing goods and materials, conducting technical cooperation and human resources development cooperation, dispatching medical teams and volunteers, offering emergency humanitarian aid, and reducing or exempting the debts of the recipient countries.
2010年至2012年，中国对外援助方式主要包括援建成套项目、提供一般物资、开展技术合作和人力资源开发合作、派遣援外医疗队和志愿者、提供紧急人道主义援助以及减免受援国债务等。
Complete projects. In total, China undertook the construction of 580 such projects in 80 countries, with infrastructure and agriculture as the focus.
援建成套项目。中国共在80个国家建设成套项目580个，重点集中于基础设施和农业等领域。
Goods and materials. China provided 96 countries and regions with 424 batches of goods and materials, including mainly office supplies, mechanical equipment, inspection equipment, transport vehicles, articles for daily use, medicine and medical devices.
提供一般物资。中国共向96个国家和地区提供物资援助424批，主要包括办公用品、机械设备、检测设备、交通运输工具、生活用品、药品以及医疗设备等。
Technical cooperation. China completed 170 technical cooperation projects in 61 countries and regions, mainly covering industrial production and management, agricultural planting and breeding, culture and education, sports and physical training, medical and health care, clean energy development, and planning and consultation.
开展技术合作。中国共在61个国家和地区完成技术合作项目170个，主要涉及工业生产和管理、农业种植养殖、文化教育、体育训练、医疗卫生、清洁能源开发、规划咨询等领域。
Human resources development cooperation. China held 1,951 training sessions for officials and technical personnel and on-the-job academic education programs in China, training a total of 49,148 people from other developing countries.
开展人力资源开发合作。中国在国内举办1951期培训班，其中包括官员研修班、技术人员培训班、在职学历教育项目等，为其他发展中国家培训人员49148名。
Medical teams. China dispatched 55 teams composed of 3,600 medical personnel to 54 countries to provide stationed or touring medical services, treating nearly seven million patients.
派遣援外医疗队。中国向54个国家派遣55支援外医疗队，共计3600名医护人员，开展定点或巡回医疗服务，诊治患者近700万人次。
Volunteer programs. China sent about 7,000 young volunteers and volunteer Chinese language teachers to over 60 countries.
派遣志愿者。中国向60多个国家派遣青年志愿者和汉语教师志愿者近7000名。
Emergency humanitarian aid. China extended 1.5 billion yuan worth of materials and cash assistance in emergency humanitarian aid to more than 30 countries.
提供紧急人道主义援助。中国向30余个国家提供紧急人道主义援助，包括物资和现汇援助，价值约15亿元人民币。
Debt relief. China relieved nine LDCs and heavily indebted poor countries, namely, Tanzania, Zambia, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Mali, Togo, Benin, Cote d'Ivoire and Sudan, from 16 mature interest-free loans totaling 1.42 billion yuan.
减免受援国债务。中国免除坦桑尼亚、赞比亚、喀麦隆、赤道几内亚、马里、多哥、贝宁、科特迪瓦、苏丹等9个最不发达国家和重债穷国共计16笔到期无息贷款债务，累计金额达14.2亿元人民币。