汉译英"滥词"替换方案(一)
日期:2010-08-30 11:30

(单词翻译:单击)

在中高级口译考试的汉英翻译部分大多数考生都会遇到的一个问题是想要把译文做到精彩,可惜巧妇难为无米之炊。要翻促进发展,一律promote development;要翻许多,通通many。诸如此类的词汇,被笔者称之为“滥词”,即被用到泛滥的词汇。如果是追求反应速度和效率的口译部分,这样的译文当然没有问题。可是在时间充裕的笔译部分,这样的简单词汇无疑会令译文质量打上折扣。至少,无法让阅卷人眼前一亮,难获高分。
  
出于对以上问题的考虑,笔者总结了中高级口译考试汉英翻译题中出现频率最高的30个常用单词/词组的替换方案,以期帮助同学在短时间内积累一定的亮点词汇。需要提醒同学们注意的有两点。一是各个亮点词汇绝不是被替换词的同义词,不可胡乱使用,其具体用法请自行查阅词典。如waste的替换词中,squander是动词,luxurious是形容词,用法完全不同。二是建议同学在此基础上继续自行积累,多多益善,方能在考场上厚积薄发。
  
(1)give给,提供
  
offer,supply,provide,furnish ,distribute,allocate
  
(2)get得到
  
receive/accept,gain,acquire,obtain,attain,earn
  
(3)many/much/a lot of/lots of许多
  
a large number of,a multitude of,plenty of
  
an enormous amount/huge amounts of,a great/good deal of
  
(4)poor贫穷的
  
poverty-stricken,destitute,impoverished
  
(5)rich富有的
  
wealthy,well off,affluent,prosperous
  
(6)certainly一定
  
inevitable,unavoidable,be doomed to,be bound to
  
(7)all所有,全部
  
universal,widespread,prevalent,whole,entire
  
(8)enough足够
  
ample,sufficient,adequate
  
(9)show显示,展现
  
indicate,demonstrate,illustrate,suggest,display,showcase
  
(10)risk/danger危险
  
hazard,peril,jeopardize,endanger,menace


  
(11)way方法,办法,手段
  
measure,method,means,approach
  
(12)catch,attractive吸引,有吸引力的
  
obsess,immerse,fascinate,enchant
  
charming,inviting,alluring,appealing
  
(13)harm/damage破坏(的),有害(的)
  
destructive,devastating,detrimental,undermine
  
(14)useful/helpful有用的
  
effective,practical,valuable,invaluable,conducive
 
(15)great/wonderful伟大的
  
incredible,amazing,sublime,extraordinary,magnificent,glorious
  
(16)try,effort努力
  
endeavor,strive to do sth/for sth
  
(17)famous著名的
  
well-known,celebrated,noted,eminent,renowned
  
(18)difficulty困难,困境
  
adversity,hardship,plight,predicament
  
setback,hurdle,obstacle
  
(19)focus on集中
  
center on,concentrate on
  
(20)so所以
  
consequently,therefore,as a result


  
(21)because因为
  
as a result of;attribute/ascribe A to B
  
(22)press(ure)压力
  
place/put a (heavy) burden on;strain
  
(23)about大约
  
approximately,roughly
  
(24)cooperate合作
  
Collaborate,join hands in doing sth
  
(25)waste浪费(的)
  
Squander,fritter,luxurious
  
(26)save/economical节约(的)
  
Thrifty,conserve
  
(27)develop发展
  
Thrive,evolve,burgeon
  
(28)promote促进
  
Boost,give a boost to,accelerate
  
(29)delay,postpone暂缓,延期
  
shelve
  
(30)deal with应对,处理
  
Cope with,grapple with,address,tackle

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重点单词
  • enchantv. 施魔法,使迷惑,使喜悦,使陶醉
  • jeopardizevt. 危害,使受危困,使陷危地
  • promotevt. 促进,提升,升迁; 发起; 促销
  • celebratedadj. 著名的,声誉卓著的 动词celebrate的过
  • widespreadadj. 分布(或散布)广的,普遍的
  • inevitableadj. 不可避免的,必然(发生)的
  • supplyn. 补给,供给,供应,贮备 vt. 补给,供给,提供,
  • invaluableadj. 无价的
  • consequentlyadv. 所以,因此
  • immersevt. 浸,陷入