听力文本

A good book is a tool that operates on your mind. It reshapes it by updating, adding, and removing concepts. You see the world through your concepts, and when they change, the way you see the world changes. Recommending a book is like recommending a tool: it's impossible to do without knowing the job a person is trying to accomplish. Here are some principles that I use for selecting a book to read. (1) Find a gripping question. What's a mystery that you wish you could solve? Really dig deep, and develop this question. Write it all out if you need to. What keeps you up at night? Pose a hypothesis to the question; predict an answer. Let the question be your guide. Find books that grapple with it or ones that explore your hypothesis. The writer's journey becomes your journey. The book will give you new concepts and words to navigate towards an answer, a better question, or a more refined hypothesis. You'll find the book interesting and rewarding because you're the one that posed the question. (2) A good book should teeter on the edge of what you do and don't know. Science shows us that we learn most effectively when we build on top of what we already know. A book on calculus will be meaningless if you've never studied the lower levels of math. A book is a tool: it needs something to work on. By building new knowledge onto old, a good book allows you to expand beyond what you once were. It serves as a bridge between two versions of yourself.(3) A good book should subject you to evolution.A good book is like a hammer or a screwdriver: it has the capacity to destroy and dismantle, but it also has the capacity to build, reconstruct, and augment. It will destroy the weakest parts of you, retain the truest parts, and build stronger parts on top of that. How do you find a book that can destroy you and rebuild you in this way? The easiest method is to find books that have survived the process of evolution themselves.Books that have been around and praised by culture for a long time are often worth paying attention to. Culture has repeatedly decided that these concepts were worth preserving, so they must be very adaptive or useful. Another method is to find writers who subject their own ideas to evolution before putting them into books. They let time and experience kill off parts of the idea and allow for new parts to grow.They make the idea adaptive and mold it into the shape of truth. Isn't truth that which survives in any space and at any time? Scientists are really good at this.They take their theories and run them through empirical tests that allow them to be a reshapedby reality. Ideally, their theories die and are reborn stronger and stronger every-time.The works of a good scientist, philosopher, or artist are worth reading for this reason: they've already been refined and subjected to evolution.The final method would be to find books that can give you new experiences.Experience a point of view that you never have before.Step into someone else's shoes and subject yourself to their environment.Examine the parts of you that hold up and the parts which crumble.You may be surprised to find that ideas you believed to be true fall apart in a different environment.

I think that following these principles will help you find books that will change your life: (1) Find a question that grips you.(2) Find a book that explores the question and teeters on the edge of what you do and don't know.(3) Find a book that has undergone a rigorous evolutionary process, so you can familiarize yourself with ideas and concepts that won't die.You guys have asked me for some book recommendations, but that's hard to do without knowing your goals. Instead, I'll put forward some questions that have been interesting to me and the corresponding books that have helped me progress towards a clearer answer.(1) What would happen if we had no emotions?—Descartes' Error by Antonio Damasio (2) How do emotions work?—How Emotions Are Made by Lisa Feldman Barrett(3) What are the limits of the scientific method?—Black Swan by Nassim Taleb (4) Why is behavior so hard to change?—Behave by Robert Sapolsky (5) Why are politics and religion so divisive?—The Righteous Mind by Jonathan Haidt (6) Is there more to life than pleasure or happiness?—Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl (7) What might a world in which pleasure is the highest good look like?—Brave New World by Aldous Huxley (8) What is man?—Homo Prospectus by Martin Seligman et al.(9) What is personality?How can I think about the self?—Who Are You, Really? by Brian R. Little (10) What is the nature of the culture that I am surrounded in?—Sophie's World by Jostein Gaarder (11) What truly matters at the end of life?—When Breath Becomes Air by Paul KalanithiNow. I'm not saying any of these books contain the answers to these questions, but if you' reinterested in these questions, you might like these books. I believe it's better to chart your own path than to follow my own anyways.

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重点词汇解析

teeter v.摇晃，蹒跚；犹豫不决；n.踉跄，摇摆； 跷跷板；

All eyes in the room are nervously fixed on the mine as it teeters on the brink.

房间里的所有目光都紧张地盯着矿井，因为处在危险的边缘。

retain vt.保持； 留在心中，记住； 雇用； 付定金保留

Daily facial exercises help her to retain the skin's elasticity.

每天做面部运动帮助她保持皮肤弹性。

参考翻译

这几本书，将改变你的人生！一本好书是一种可以在你脑海中运作的工具。它通过更新，添加和删除概念来重塑它。你通过你的概念来看世界，当它们改变时，你看待世界的方式就会发生变化。推荐一本书就像推荐一种工具：如果不了解一个人想要完成的工作，就不可能做到。一个人试图完成的工作。以下是我用于选择要阅读书籍时的一些原则。（1）找到一个令人抓狂的问题。你希望你能解决什么是个谜？真正深入地挖掘，并提出这个问题。如果需要，请全部写出来。是什么让你夜不能寐？对这个问题提出假设，并预测答案。让问题成为你的指导。找到与你的问题或假设相关的书籍。《作家之旅》将会变成你的旅途。本书将为你提供新的概念和言辞， 帮助你寻找答案，提出更好的问题或更精确的假设。或者更精确的假设。你会发现这本书很有趣而且很有意义， 因为你就是提出问题的那个人。 （2）一本好书应该徘徊在你做什么和你不知道的边缘。科学告诉我们，当我们建立在我们已经知道的基础之上时， 我们会最有效地学习。如果你从未研究过较低级别的数学， 那么关于微积分的书将毫无意义。书是一种工具：它需要一些工作。通过将新知识建立在旧版本上， 一本好书可以让你在原先的基础上进行拓展延伸。它可以作为你在两个版本之间的桥梁。（3）一本好书应该让你接受进化。一本好书就像一把锤子或一把螺丝刀：它有能力摧毁和拆除，但它也有能力构建，重建和扩充。它会破坏你最薄弱的部分，保留最真实的部分，并在此基础上构建更强大的部分。那么如何找到一本可以摧毁你， 并以这种方式重建你的好书呢？最简单的方法是找到 能够在演化过程中被保留下来的书籍。长期以来一直受到文化赞美的书籍往往值得关注。文化一再认定这些概念值得保留，因此，它们必须非常适用或非常有用。另一种方法是在把个人想法融入书中之前，找出那些让个人思想符合演化进程的作家。他们让时间和经验消除了部分想法，并允许新的部件成长。他们使得这个想法能够适应，并将其塑造成真理的形状。能够在任何空间和任何时间都存在的真理，不是这样吗？科学家们对此非常擅长。他们采用他们的理论，并通过实例测试来运行它们，使它们成为一个重塑的现实。理想情况下，他们的理论会死，但是每次也都会变得更强壮，更强大。一位优秀的科学家，哲学家或艺术家的作品值得一读：因为他们已经被提炼并经历了演化。最后的方法是找到能给你带来全新体验的书籍。体验一种前所未有的观点。设身处地的换位思考，让自己能够适应他们的观点。检验那些撑起来和破碎的部分。你可能会惊讶的发现， 你所认为真实的想法，会在不同的环境中失效。我认为遵循这些原则会帮助你找到能够改变你生活的书籍：（1）找到一个能够令你抓狂的问题。（2）找一本探究问题的书，并徘徊在你做什么和不做什么的边缘。（3）找一本经过严格演化过程的书，这样你就可以熟悉那些永恒经典的想法和概念。有些朋友要求我提供一些书籍建议， 但如果不了解你的目标，就会很难做到。相反，我会提出一些我感兴趣的问题和相应的书籍，这些问题帮助我朝着更清晰的答案前进。

（1）如果我们没有情绪会怎样？ 《笛卡尔的错误》安东尼奥·R.达马西奥 （2）情绪如何运作？《情绪》莉莎·费德曼·巴瑞特（3）科学方法的局限是什么？ 《黑天鹅》纳西姆?尼古拉斯?塔勒布（4）为什么行为如此难以改变？《行为》羅伯．薩波斯基 （5）为什么政治和宗教如此分裂？《正义之心》乔纳森·海特（6）生活中会有更多的东西不是快乐或幸福吗？ 《活出生命的意义》维克多·弗兰克（7）这个世界最快乐的样子是什么样？《美丽新世界》阿道司·赫胥黎（8）什么是人？马丁·赛里格曼等人的《Homo Prospectus》（9）什么是个性？我怎么能找到自我？《Who Are You, Really？》布赖恩·R·利特尔（10）我所被包围的文化，其本质是什么？《苏菲的世界》乔斯坦·贾德（11）什么是生命尽头真正重要的事情 ？《当呼吸化为空气》保罗·卡兰尼迪我不是说这些书中的任何一本 都包含这些问题的答案，但如果你对这些问题感兴趣， 你可能会喜欢这些书。我相信，绘制你自己的路径比遵循我的路径更好。关注公众号知问导图，后台回复TE15免费获取本期更多实用干货和自我提升