(单词翻译:单击)
Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin!
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想！
Oh hey look, a pizza bagel! Wait a minute! That's Cthulhu under there! Tricky tricky!
快看，一个披萨百吉饼，等下，那不是克苏鲁（美国小说家霍华德创造的一个邪恶形象）嘛！小把戏！
There’s a lot that our bodies do that most of us never have to think about. Blinking, breathing, heart beating… aging.
我们的身体做的很多事情我们都不必去想，比如眨眼，呼吸，心跳，老化等等。
Oh no, are you thinking about that stuff?
不要，你在想那种事情吗？
I'm sorry! Uh, but for some people, that last one isn’t so easy due to certain medical conditions that make people age slower, or not at all.
对不起！但是对某些人来说，他们有特定的使人老化减慢或者停止老化的身体状况，这使老化变得并不简单。
In the back of your head, at the base of your skull, is a pea-sized organ called the pituitary gland.
在你的后脑勺，你的颅底，有一个豌豆大小的器官叫脑下垂体。
It produces several hormones that control your thyroid activity and body temperature, among other things.
脑下垂体会产生几种激素，控制你的甲状腺活动和体温等。
One of these hormones is the growth hormone, or somatotropin, whose primary role is to promote growth in children.
其中一种激素是生长激素，其主要作用是促进儿童的生长。
It’s also responsible for the maintenance of tissues and organs throughout adulthood.
这种激素还负责整个成年期组织和器官的维护。
It's pretty important. It's working so hard. I mean look at it go!
这很重要。它非常努力地在工作。你看看!
One out of every 4,000 to 10,000 children born have a growth hormone deficiency - meaning their pituitary gland doesn’t produce enough growth hormone.
每4000至10000中儿童中就有一位患有生长激素缺乏症，这意味着他们的脑垂体不能产生足够的生长激素。
While these children will typically be normal size at birth, they don’t physically age like their peers.
尽管这些孩子在出生时通常体型正常，但是他们不会像同龄人那样身体发育。
They may be shorter with a rounder, younger-looking face because the growth of their facial and long bones is delayed.
他们可能更矮，脸型更圆，看起来更年轻，因为它们的面部和长骨的发育迟缓。
They also may retain their baby fat around their abdomen and have delayed tooth development.
他们的腹部还可能保留着婴儿脂肪，牙齿发育迟缓。
It is typically diagnosed during major developmental periods after they miss a usual growth spurt or puberty milestones.
生长激素缺乏症通常会在主要发育时期诊断发现，这些孩子没有快速的发育成长期和青春期的重大变化。
Because of this, many teenagers with growth hormone deficiency suffer from low-self esteem.
正因为如此，许多生长激素缺乏的青少年缺乏自尊。
In children, growth hormone deficiency can be caused by either genetic mutations or due to brain damage while the fetus is still developing.
在儿童中，生长激素缺乏可能是由于基因突变或胎儿发育过程中的脑损伤造成的。
It can also be acquired after birth due to a brain injury, tumor, infection or radiation therapy, in which case it is called acquired growth hormone deficiency.
人也可在出生后由于脑损伤、肿瘤、感染或放疗而患上此病，这种情况称为成人生长激素缺乏。
Adults with AGHD typically have high levels of cholesterol and fats in their blood due to metabolism changes, and are at higher risk of heart disease.
由于新陈代谢的变化，患有成人生长激素缺乏的成年人血液中的胆固醇和脂肪含量通常较高，患心脏病的风险也较高。
Treatment involves daily injections of synthetic growth hormone.
治疗方法包括每天注射合成生长激素。
For congenital cases, these injections typically only last until puberty,
对于先天的患病者来说，注射合成生长激素通常只持续到青春期，
when their bodies naturally begin to develop enough of the hormone on their own, but can also continue into adulthood if needed.
这时候他们的身体就可以自己产生足量的荷尔蒙，但是如果需要，也可继续注射合成生长激素。
Growth hormone therapy is also used for a number of other conditions associated with inadequate growth, such as Turner syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome.
生长激素疗法也用于许多与生长不足有关的其他病症，比如特纳综合征和普拉德-威利综合征。
But beyond these disorders, there is a condition so rare, it has only been observed in a handful of individuals.
但是除了这些病症以外，还有一种很罕见的情况，到现在只发现一小部分人是这个情况。
This condition, recently named Neotenic Complex Syndrome, results in an extreme developmental delay, where individuals are stunted both physically and mentally.
最近人们称这种情况为性早熟复杂综合症，这会导致严重的发育迟缓，使个体在生理和心理上都发育不良。
One such woman died at the age of 20 years old, weighing just 16 pounds with the mental capacity of a 2 year old.
有一例患病的女子死于20岁，她只有16磅重，心智容量只有2岁。
While they appear to be frozen in time, people with this condition are actually aging at a much, much slower rate.
尽管患此病的人似乎是被时间冻结了，但实际上他们在以一种非常缓慢地速度发育。
They also may suffer from other medical conditions, such as deafness, and are often unable to walk, eat, and speak.
他们还可能患有其他疾病，如耳聋，而且常常不能走路、吃饭和说话。
While researchers are still looking for the exact cause, they believe it’s due to genetic mutations occurring in the sperm or egg cells, or in the fertilized egg, called de novo mutations.
虽然研究人员仍在寻找确切的原因，但他们认为这是由于精子或卵细胞，或受精卵中发生的基因突变造成的，这种基因突变叫做“新生突变”。
Though, because only an extremely small number of people have this syndrome, limiting the amount of available data, it is difficult to know for sure.
但是，由于只有极少数的一部分人患有这种综合症，这限制了可利用数据的量，所以很难知道确切原因。
Scientists hope that by discerning the root cause, in addition to helping those with Neotenic Complex Syndrome, they will one day be able to develop drugs that regulate aging.
科学家们相信发现了导致性早熟复杂综合症的根本原因之后，除了能帮助患者之外，他们还可以在未来开发出可以调节衰老过程的药物。
So, are there any other conditions you'd like me to explore? Let me know now in the comment section below.
你有什么其他的综合症想要了解吗？请在下面的评论区里告诉我们答案吧。
We're taking suggestions for future videos! If you wanna know why these babies are so muscular, but completely healthy, check out this video.
我们会采取建议制作以后的视频！如果你想知道为什么这些婴儿肌肉如此发达，但是完全健康的话，请看看这个视频。
And found out that at 4 and half years old, the size of his quadriceps was over 7 standard deviations above the average for his age.
他们发现小孩在4岁时的四头肌的大小比同龄儿童的平均水平高出七个标准差。
As always, my name is Blocko, this has been Life Noggin, don't forget to Keep On Thinking!
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
