《新时代的中非合作》白皮书(5)(中英对照)
日期:2022-09-28 10:06

(单词翻译:单击)

3. Growing Cooperation on Social Development

(三)社会合作方兴未艾

China is promoting cooperation with Africa in social fields such as poverty reduction, health, education, science and technology, environmental protection, climate change and exchanges among young people and women. Through strengthening exchanges, providing assistance and sharing experience, China is helping African countries to improve their comprehensive social development, which then provides internal impetus for their economic growth.

中国积极同非洲开展减贫、卫生、教育、科技、环保、气候变化、青年妇女交流等社会领域合作,通过加强交流、提供援助、分享社会发展经验,帮助非洲国家提高社会综合发展水平,为非洲经济发展创造内生动力。

– Sharing experience in poverty reduction. Poverty is a common challenge facing China and Africa. Ending poverty is the primary goal of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. With hundreds of millions of poor people having worked their way out of poverty, China has created a successful path of poverty eradication with Chinese characteristics, which has served as a reference for addressing the problem in Africa. China has effectively implemented the Program for Strengthening China-Africa Cooperation on Poverty Reduction. With mechanisms like the FOCAC Africa-China Poverty Reduction and Development Conference, and the China-Africa Youth Exchange Program on Poverty Reduction and Development, China has supported local governments, academics, enterprises, and youth and non-governmental organizations in both China and Africa in carrying out various forms of exchange and pragmatic cooperation on poverty reduction. Since 2010, 10 FOCAC Africa-China Poverty Reduction and Development conferences have been held in countries such as China, Ethiopia, South Africa and Uganda, with nearly 1,600 participants in total. From 2005 to 2021, China organized 160 poverty reduction and foreign aid training programs. Some 2,700 people from 53 African countries participated in the training, accounting for almost 60 percent of the total number of trainees.

——分享减贫经验。贫困是中非面临的共同挑战。消除贫困是联合国2030年可持续发展议程的首要目标。中国成功走出了一条具有中国特色的减贫道路,使数亿贫困人口摆脱贫困,为解决非洲贫困提供了借鉴。中国积极落实《中国和非洲联盟加强中非减贫合作纲要》,通过“中非合作论坛-减贫与发展会议”“中非青年减贫和发展交流项目”等机制,鼓励和支持中非地方政府、学术、企业、青年和非政府组织开展形式多样的减贫经验交流与务实合作。自2010年以来,“中非合作论坛-减贫与发展会议”已在中国、埃塞俄比亚、南非、乌干达等国连续举办10届,参会总人数接近1600人次。2005年至2021年,中国共举办160期减贫援外培训班,为非洲53国培训超过2700人次,占总参训人数58.6%。

– Enhancing medical and health cooperation. The Chinese government has always ranked people and lives above everything else. Through concrete actions, China has helped African countries respond to various epidemics and plagues and build a public health system, promoting a China-Africa community of health. One of the longest and most effective cooperation projects that involves the greatest number of African countries is the dispatch of Chinese medical teams. The first one, which was sent to Algeria in 1963, marked the first chapter in the story of China's medical aid to Africa. Over the past 58 years, China has sent a total of 23,000 medical team members to Africa, who have treated 230 million patients. At present, there are nearly 1,000 Chinese medical workers in 45 African countries, working at 98 medical centers. They are hailed by the local Africans as the health messengers in white, models of South-South cooperation and most welcome guests. Chinese medical teams carried out 34 free clinical programs under the Brightness Action initiative, restoring the eyesight of almost 10,000 African cataract patients. China focuses on helping African countries strengthen medical specialties, training 20,000 African medical personnel. To date, it has helped 18 African countries establish 20 centers in different medical specialties, covering cardiology, critical care medicine, trauma and endoscopy. Paired cooperation mechanisms have been established between the Chinese side and 45 hospitals in 40 African countries. China supports African countries in improving their capacity in border health and quarantine inspection, and sends disease control experts to the Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention to provide technical support.

——加强卫生健康领域合作。中国践行人民至上、生命至上的理念,帮助非洲国家应对病疫,建设公共卫生体系,以实际行动推动构建中非卫生健康共同体。向非洲国家派遣中国医疗队是中非开展时间最长、涉及国家最多、成效最为显著的合作项目之一。中国1963年向阿尔及利亚派出首支中国医疗队,开创了新中国援非医疗的历史。58年来,中国累计向非洲派出医疗队员2.3万人次,诊治患者2.3亿人次。目前在非洲45国派有医疗队员近千人,共98个工作点。中国医疗队被非洲当地人誉为“白衣使者”、“南南合作的典范”和“最受欢迎的人”。在非实施34次“光明行”义诊活动,帮助近万名非洲白内障患者重见光明。中国重点帮助非洲国家加强专科医学建设,为非洲各国培训各类医务人才2万人次。截至目前,中国已帮助18个非洲国家建立了20个专科中心,涉及心脏、重症医学、创伤、腔镜等专业,同40个非洲国家45所非方医院建立对口合作机制。中国支持非洲各国提高口岸卫生检疫能力,并向非洲疾控中心派出疾控专家提供技术支持。

– Expanding cooperation in education and human resources. China vigorously supports education in Africa. Based on the needs of African countries for economic and social development, it helps train much-needed professionals for African countries and encourages outstanding African youth to study in China through several scholarships. Starting from 2012, the two sides have implemented the 20+20 Cooperation Plan for Chinese and African Institutions of Higher Education as an exchange and cooperation platform among universities. China set up an educational trust fund under UNESCO to provide teacher training for more than 10,000 teachers in African countries. Since 2018, China has established Luban Workshops together with colleges and universities in countries including Egypt, South Africa, Djibouti and Kenya, sharing quality vocational education resources with Africa and training high-caliber technical personnel to meet the urgent needs of economic and social development on the continent. China has helped more than 30 African universities set up Chinese language departments or Chinese language majors. In cooperation with China, 16 African countries have incorporated the Chinese language into their national education systems. The two sides have established 61 Confucius Institutes and 48 Confucius Classrooms in Africa. Since 2004, China has sent a total of 5,500 Chinese language teachers and volunteers to 48 African nations.

——扩大教育和人力资源开发合作。中国大力支持非洲教育发展,根据非洲国家经济社会发展需要,帮助非洲培养急需人才,通过设立多个奖学金专项,支持非洲优秀青年来华学习。2012年起,中非双方实施“中非高校20+20合作计划”,搭建中非高校交流合作平台。中国在联合国教科文组织设立信托基金项目,累计已在非洲国家培训1万余名教师。2018年以来,中国在埃及、南非、吉布提、肯尼亚等非洲国家与当地院校共建“鲁班工坊”,同非洲分享中国优质职业教育,为非洲培养适应经济社会发展急需的高素质技术技能人才。中国支持30余所非洲大学设立中文系或中文专业,配合16个非洲国家将中文纳入国民教育体系,在非洲合作设立了61所孔子学院和48所孔子课堂。2004年以来,中国共向非洲48国派出中文教师和志愿者5500余人次。

– Stepping up scientific and technological collaboration, and knowledge sharing. China actively strengthens communication and coordination with Africa in terms of technological innovation strategies. It shares experience and achievements, and promotes the exchange and training of professionals and technology transfer, as well as innovation and entrepreneurship on both sides. China and African countries have set up high-level joint laboratories, the China-Africa Joint Research Center, and an innovation cooperation center. In recent years, China has assisted Africa in cultivating a large number of scientific and technological talents through projects such as the Alliance of International Science Organizations in the Belt and Road Region Scholarship, Chinese government scholarships, the Talented Young Scientist Program, and the Innovative Talent Exchange Project. Breakthroughs have been made in space cooperation. Using China's remote sensing data, the two parties carry out cooperation in the fields of disaster prevention and mitigation, radio astronomy, satellite navigation and positioning, and precision agriculture. They also participate together in the Square Kilometer Array Project. The complete satellite assembly integration and test center built by Egypt with China's help has laid solid foundations for Egypt's aerospace industry. China also assisted Algeria and Sudan to launch their first artificial satellites.

——加强科技合作与知识共享。中国积极同非洲加强科技创新战略沟通与对接,分享科技发展经验与成果,推动双方科技人才交流与培养、技术转移与创新创业。中国与非洲国家建设了一批高水平联合实验室、创建了中非联合研究中心、中非创新合作中心。近年来,中国通过实施“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟奖学金、中国政府奖学金、“国际杰青计划”、“国际青年创新创业计划”等项目帮助非洲培养大量科技人才。空间和航天合作取得新突破,双方利用中国遥感数据开展防灾减灾、射电天文、卫星导航定位和精准农业等领域合作,共同参与天文领域国际大科学工程“平方公里阵列射电望远镜”项目。中国在埃及援建卫星总装集成及测试中心项目。中国还分别为阿尔及利亚、苏丹发射两国首颗人造卫星。

– Expanding collaboration in eco-environmental protection and jointly responding to climate change. The peoples of China and Africa share a common yearning for a beautiful environment and a better life. As a result, they work together to advocate green, low-carbon, recyclable and sustainable development and safeguard the common homeland of humanity. Since 2012, they have co-organized a seminar on green cooperation guiding the future economy and a ministerial conference on China-Africa environmental cooperation, promoting communication and coordination of environmental governance policies. The China-Africa Environmental Cooperation Center began operations in 2020 with the participation of China and African countries, as well as other international organizations, research institutions, and enterprises. As of September 2021, related institutions in seven African countries, including Angola and Kenya, have joined the International Coalition for Green Development on the Belt and Road, devised to contribute to the green development of the Belt and Road Initiative. China has carried out South-South cooperation on tackling climate change, and to date has signed 15 cooperation agreements with 14 African countries. Various approaches have been explored in support of Africa's response to the issue, such as implementing mitigation and adaptation programs, jointly setting up pilot low-carbon industrial parks, and conducting training in capacity-building. For example, the Ethiopian Remote Sensing Satellite-1, or ETRSS-1, launched with Chinese help, is one of the fruits of China's first remote sensing satellite cooperation with Africa. China and Africa crack down together on transnational organized crimes related to endangered wildlife trafficking, through intelligence sharing in environmental protection laws and regulations and helping each other to build capacity in law enforcement. While implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and dealing with other related affairs, China strengthens communication and coordination with African countries, in an endeavor to protect and ensure the sustainable exploitation of global wild fauna and flora.

——深化生态保护和应对气候变化合作。中非人民对优美环境和美好生活有着共同的向往。中国和非洲一道,倡导绿色、低碳、循环、可持续的发展方式,保护人类的共同家园。2012年以来,中非共同举办了“中非绿色合作引导未来经济”研讨会和“中非环境合作部长级对话会”,推动加强环境治理政策沟通协调。2020年启动中非环境合作中心,搭建中非双方以及相关国际组织、研究机构、企业等多方参与的重要平台。截至2021年9月,安哥拉、肯尼亚等7个非洲国家相关机构已加入“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟,为推进绿色丝绸之路建设作出积极贡献。中方积极开展应对气候变化南南合作,目前已和14个非洲国家签署15份合作文件,通过实施减缓和适应气候变化项目、共同建设低碳示范区、开展能力建设培训等方式为非洲应对气候变化提供支持。其中,中国向埃塞俄比亚援助的对地观测遥感卫星是中国同非洲合作的第一颗遥感卫星。中非双方通过开展环保法律、法规情报交流、执法能力建设等合作,共同打击走私濒危野生动植物跨国有组织犯罪,在履行《生物多样性公约》《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》等事务中加强沟通协调,共同促进全球野生动植物保护和可持续利用。

4. People-to-People and Cultural Exchanges

(四)人文合作日益扩大

As an old Chinese saying goes, "State-to-state relations thrive when there is friendship between the peoples." China and African countries have embraced further exchanges in culture, media, science and technology, and think tanks, and facilitated dialogues among youth and women. These efforts have promoted people-to-people bonds and laid solid foundations for further developments.

国之交在于民相亲。中非文化、媒体、科技、智库和青年妇女交流全面深化,进一步促进中非民心相通,夯实了中非关系发展的基础。

– Expanding exchanges and cooperation in the cultural sector and tourism. The two sides continue to sign implementation plans for intergovernmental agreements on signature programs such as the Year of China, the Year of Culture, Happy Spring Festival, Chinese and African Cultures in Focus, and Insight on China, further enhancing cultural exchanges and cooperation. As of December 2020, 346 such implementation plans had been inked and carried out. From 2013 to 2020, Chinese art troupes made 140 visits to Africa to hold performances. Since 2013, art troupes from 28 African countries have been invited to perform in China. Since 2016, China has held hundreds of cultural seminars for African countries, with nearly 1,500 African participants in total. Chinese cultural centers have been set up in Mauritius, Benin, Egypt, Nigeria, Tanzania and Morocco. The Chinese Government has signed documents with counterparts in Tunisia, Kenya, C?te d'Ivoire, Senegal, Ethiopia and Mozambique on establishing Chinese cultural centers in these countries or their cultural centers in China. To date China has signed bilateral documents on cooperation in tourism with 31 African countries. It has listed 34 African countries as outbound group tour destinations for its citizens, and officially launched group tourism businesses for its people with 22 African countries.

——拓展文化、旅游等交流与合作。中非双方积极签署双边政府文化协定执行计划,通过合作举办“国家年”“文化年”“欢乐春节”“中非文化聚焦”“意会中国”等品牌活动,进一步深化了文化交流与合作。截至2020年12月,中非签署并落实了346个双边政府文化协定执行计划。2013年至2020年,中方组派艺术团赴非140国(次)举办演出。2013年以来,邀请非洲28国的艺术团来华演出。2016年以来,中方为非洲国家举办文化领域研修班上百个,非方参与人员累计近1500人。目前,中国在毛里求斯、贝宁、埃及、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚、摩洛哥设有中国文化中心,已与突尼斯、肯尼亚、科特迪瓦、塞内加尔、埃塞俄比亚、莫桑比克签署互设文化中心或设立中国文化中心的政府文件。截至目前,中国与31个非洲国家签署双边旅游合作文件,已将34个非洲国家列为中国公民组团出境旅游目的地,与22个非洲国家正式开展中国公民组团旅游业务。

– Working on closer cooperation in the press, the media, and film and television. China and Africa continue to strengthen dialogue and exchanges on furthering news cooperation, managing cyberspace, and handling media relations. To this end, exchange events have been held such as the China-Africa Media Summit and the Forum on China-Africa Media Cooperation. Thirty African media outlets have joined the Belt and Road News Alliance, and 42 African countries have participated in the Belt and Road Media Community Summit Forum. China supports the development of the African radio, film and television industries. This can be seen from the effort to provide satellite TV reception to 10,000 African villages, and to support outdoor screening activities – the Caravan program – in rural areas and remote suburbs, covering more than 70 villages and regions in 12 countries. China and Africa encourage joint development and production of more works that tell stories about Africa and China-Africa friendship. Chinese companies provide program resources in 11 languages on more than 600 channels for 13 million African users. In recent years, China has carried out multilingual translations of about 200 outstanding Chinese audiovisual works for Africa and held Chinese film screenings and exhibitions in more than 10 African countries. Each year, a number of African films are screened at Chinese film festivals as well.

——深化新闻传媒与影视合作。中非就深化新闻合作、网络空间管理、处理媒体关系不断加强对话与交流,共同举办了中非媒体领袖峰会、中非媒体合作论坛等大型交流活动。30家非洲媒体加入“一带一路”新闻合作联盟,42个非洲国家参加“一带一路”媒体合作论坛。中国支持非洲广播电影电视产业发展,积极落实“为非洲1万个村落实施收看卫星电视项目”,支持在非洲农村和偏远郊区开展“大篷车”等户外放映活动,覆盖12个非洲国家70多个村庄和地区。中非双方鼓励联合开发制作、创作更多讲述非洲故事、中非友好故事的作品。中国企业为1300万非洲用户提供11种语言、600多个频道的节目资源;近年来,中国对约200部中国优秀视听作品进行面向非洲的多语种译制,在10余个非洲国家举办中国电影展映展播活动,每年都有一定数量的非洲影片在中国电影节上展映。

– Encouraging academic exchanges and cooperation among think tanks. China and Africa support various forms of cooperation among academic research institutions, think tanks and universities in carrying out subject research, academic exchanges and publication of works. Support is given to sharing research and achievements, especially on topics such as state governance, development paths, industrial capacity cooperation, culture, and law. Both sides have also been working on enhancing research strengths. More than 80 think tanks and academic research institutions have participated in the China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Plan. The Fifth Ministerial Conference of FOCAC held in 2012 proposed to implement the China-Africa Think Tanks 10+10 Partnership Plan for long-term paired cooperation. In April 2019, China-Africa Institute was established in Beijing.

——鼓励学术与智库合作。中非支持双方学术研究机构、智库、高校开展课题研究、学术交流、著作出版等多种形式的合作,优先支持开展治国理政、发展道路、产能合作、文化与法律等课题研究与成果分享,推动壮大中非学术研究力量。80余个中非智库学术研究机构参加“中非联合研究交流计划”。2012年,中非合作论坛第五届部长级会议倡议实施“中非智库10+10合作伙伴计划”,建立“一对一”长期合作关系。2019年4月,中国非洲研究院在北京成立。

– Increasing non-governmental exchanges. China and African countries have actively implemented the Proposals on China-Africa People-to-People Exchanges and Cooperation, the China-Africa People-to-People Friendship Action, the Silk Road Community Building Program, and the China-Africa People-to-People Friendship and Partnership Program. They support trade unions, other non-governmental organizations and social groups in engaging in exchanges. Since 2011, the two sides have held six China-Africa People's Forums. In addition, five China-Africa Young Leaders Forums, four Asian-African Youth Festivals and three China-Africa Youth Galas have been held since 2012. The 1st China-Africa Future Leaders' Dialogue was held in 2021. As of 2020, the Chinese Government has dispatched 484 young volunteers to 16 African countries. It has established contacts and exchanges with more than 100 women's organizations in 53 African countries. Centers dedicated to friendly exchanges or training among women have been established in Mauritius, Lesotho, Djibouti, Zimbabwe and Sudan.

——增进民间交流。积极落实《中非民间交流合作倡议书》,鼓励实施“中非民间友好行动”“丝路一家亲”“中非民间友好伙伴计划”等,支持中非工会、民间组织、非政府组织及社会团体深化交流。2011年以来双方举办了6届中非民间论坛,2012年以来举办了5届中非青年领导人论坛、4届亚非青年联欢节和3届中非青年大联欢活动。2021年,举办首届中非未来领袖对话。截至2020年,中国政府已累计向16个非洲国家派遣484名青年志愿者。中国已与53个非洲国家100多个妇女机构(组织)建立联系和交往。中国在毛里求斯、莱索托、吉布提、津巴布韦和苏丹等国建立中非妇女友好交流(培训)中心。

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