8. The action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink

（八）碳汇能力巩固提升行动。

We will apply systems thinking, and adopt a holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, grassland, and desert ecosystems. Efforts will be made to improve the quality and stability and the carbon sink capacity of our ecosystems.

坚持系统观念，推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复，提高生态系统质量和稳定性，提升生态系统碳汇增量。

(a) Consolidating the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems

1．巩固生态系统固碳作用。

By making and implementing China's territorial space plans, we will work to form a new model of development and protection, which is conducive to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We must strictly enforce red lines in ecological conservation, control the use of ecological spaces, and build a nature reserve system centered on national parks, to stabilize the carbon sequestration ability of forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas. We must strictly implement standards for land use, promote economical and intensive use of land, and spread relevant technologies and practices.

结合国土空间规划编制和实施，构建有利于碳达峰、碳中和的国土空间开发保护格局。严守生态保护红线，严控生态空间占用，建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，稳定现有森林、草原、湿地、海洋、土壤、冻土、岩溶等固碳作用。严格执行土地使用标准，加强节约集约用地评价，推广节地技术和节地模式。

(b) Enhancing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems

2．提升生态系统碳汇能力。

We will carry out large-scale programs to protect and restore major ecosystems. We will push ahead with large-scale afforestation, and consolidate achievements already made in returning marginal farmland to forests and grasslands, to increase forest and grassland resources. We will strengthen forest protection, and take targeted measures to improve the quality of our forests, so as to enhance the quality and stability of forests. We will step up efforts to protect and restore grassland ecosystems, and increase the overall vegetation coverage of grasslands. We will strengthen the protection and restoration of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. We will comprehensively protect and restore marine ecosystems, improve the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes. We will move forward with efforts to restore and improve degraded land, and make comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion. We will work to improve and restore environments surrounding abandoned mining areas. We will expand forest coverage around 25% of China's total land area and increase forest stock volume to 19 billion cubic meters by 2030.

实施生态保护修复重大工程。深入推进大规模国土绿化行动，巩固退耕还林还草成果，扩大林草资源总量。强化森林资源保护，实施森林质量精准提升工程，提高森林质量和稳定性。加强草原生态保护修复，提高草原综合植被盖度。加强河湖、湿地保护修复。整体推进海洋生态系统保护和修复，提升红树林、海草床、盐沼等固碳能力。加强退化土地修复治理，开展荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理，实施历史遗留矿山生态修复工程。到2030年，全国森林覆盖率达到25%左右，森林蓄积量达到190亿立方米。

(c) Strengthening the foundation for ecological system carbon sinks

3．加强生态系统碳汇基础支撑。

Based on and supported by the systems for investigating and monitoring natural resources, we will make good use of the results of national comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of forest and grassland ecosystems, and develop a system for monitoring and accounting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We will carry out background surveys of carbon sink in forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas, evaluate their stock, and analyze their potential. We will also monitor and evaluate carbon sink capacities of protected and restored ecosystems. We will strengthen research on basic theories, basic methods, and cutting-edge disruptive technologies in relation to carbon sinks in land and marine ecosystems. We will improve mechanisms for ecological compensation, with a focus on measuring the value of carbon sinks. We will work to establish rules for carbon sink projects involving in national carbon market.

依托和拓展自然资源调查监测体系，利用好国家林草生态综合监测评价成果，建立生态系统碳汇监测核算体系，开展森林、草原、湿地、海洋、土壤、冻土、岩溶等碳汇本底调查、碳储量评估、潜力分析，实施生态保护修复碳汇成效监测评估。加强陆地和海洋生态系统碳汇基础理论、基础方法、前沿颠覆性技术研究。建立健全能够体现碳汇价值的生态保护补偿机制，研究制定碳汇项目参与全国碳排放权交易相关规则。

(d) Promoting carbon emissions reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas

4．推进农业农村减排固碳。

We will step up efforts to develop green, low-carbon and circular agriculture, and support low-carbon modes such as agricultural photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic power and protected agriculture, and the combination of offshore wind farms and marine ranches. We will research applied agricultural technologies that can increase carbon sequestration. We will improve the quality of cropland and protect China's chernozem soils, to enhance soil organic carbon content. We will appropriately control the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural plastic sheeting, carry out plans for replacing conventional fertilizers and pesticides with organic alternatives, and step up efforts to recycle and comprehensively utilize resources from crop straw and livestock and poultry waste.

大力发展绿色低碳循环农业，推进农光互补、“光伏+设施农业”、“海上风电+海洋牧场”等低碳农业模式。研发应用增汇型农业技术。开展耕地质量提升行动，实施国家黑土地保护工程，提升土壤有机碳储量。合理控制化肥、农药、地膜使用量，实施化肥农药减量替代计划，加强农作物秸秆综合利用和畜禽粪污资源化利用。

9. The action for green and low-carbon society

（九）绿色低碳全民行动。

We will raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment, and maintain the ecosystems, and encourage simple, moderate, green, low-carbon and healthy ways of life, so that the people become more active in pursuing green development.

增强全民节约意识、环保意识、生态意识，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活方式，把绿色理念转化为全体人民的自觉行动。

(a) Strengthening publicity and education for ecological civilization

1．加强生态文明宣传教育。

We will incorporate education on ecological civilization into the national education system, inform the public of China's current situation in terms of resources and the environment in various ways, and help them better understand peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will raise awareness on ecological civilization, and ensure that literary and artistic works reflect our green and low-carbon direction. We will develop related cultural and creative products and public service advertisements, and continue to carry out themed campaigns including Earth Day, World Environment Day, National Energy-Saving Week, and National Low-Carbon Day, so as to raise public awareness of green and low-carbon development and spur public enthusiasm for ecological civilization.

将生态文明教育纳入国民教育体系，开展多种形式的资源环境国情教育，普及碳达峰、碳中和基础知识。加强对公众的生态文明科普教育，将绿色低碳理念有机融入文艺作品，制作文创产品和公益广告，持续开展世界地球日、世界环境日、全国节能宣传周、全国低碳日等主题宣传活动，增强社会公众绿色低碳意识，推动生态文明理念更加深入人心。

(b) Advocating green and low-carbon living patterns

2．推广绿色低碳生活方式。

We must curb luxury, waste, and unnecessary consumption, put a resolute stop to wasteful behaviors, and work tirelessly to reduce food waste in the catering industry. We will promote energy conservation throughout whole society, launch demonstration campaigns to build a green and low-carbon society, intensify initiatives to promote eco-friendly living patterns, select and publicize a group of role models, and foster new trends for green and low-carbon living patterns. We will vigorously expand green consumption, promote green and low-carbon products, and improve the system for green product certifications and labels. We will increase green government procurement rate.

坚决遏制奢侈浪费和不合理消费，着力破除奢靡铺张的歪风陋习，坚决制止餐饮浪费行为。在全社会倡导节约用能，开展绿色低碳社会行动示范创建，深入推进绿色生活创建行动，评选宣传一批优秀示范典型，营造绿色低碳生活新风尚。大力发展绿色消费，推广绿色低碳产品，完善绿色产品认证与标识制度。提升绿色产品在政府采购中的比例。

(c) Encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities

3．引导企业履行社会责任。

We will encourage enterprises to take proactive steps to meet needs for green and low-carbon development, shoulder more responsibility for environmental protection, strengthen energy and resource conservation, and take green innovation initiatives to the next level. State-owned enterprises in key areas, especially those managed by the central government, should draw up peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and strengthen their ability to take the lead and offer guidance. Major energy consumers should review and account for their own carbon emissions, further explore ways to cut emissions, and formulate dedicated work plans tailored to their specific conditions to advance efforts in energy conservation and emissions reduction. Relevant listed and bond-issuing companies should disclose their carbon emissions according to requirements of environmental information disclosure laws. We will support industry associations and other similar social organizations in encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.

引导企业主动适应绿色低碳发展要求，强化环境责任意识，加强能源资源节约，提升绿色创新水平。重点领域国有企业特别是中央企业要制定实施企业碳达峰行动方案，发挥示范引领作用。重点用能单位要梳理核算自身碳排放情况，深入研究碳减排路径，“一企一策”制定专项工作方案，推进节能降碳。相关上市公司和发债企业要按照环境信息依法披露要求，定期公布企业碳排放信息。充分发挥行业协会等社会团体作用，督促企业自觉履行社会责任。

(d) Increasing training for cadres

4．强化领导干部培训。

We will designate Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization as a core part of education and training for officials. Party schools and academies of governance at all levels should include peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in their programs and conduct phased training for officials at all levels. The training should popularize scientific knowledge, explain policy priorities, raise officials' rule of law awareness, and deepen their understanding of the importance, urgency, scientific essence, and systematic approaches of work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Leading officials in charge of green and low-carbon development should improve their professional competence and abilities as soon as possible to effectively fulfill their duties.

将学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想作为干部教育培训的重要内容，各级党校（行政学院）要把碳达峰、碳中和相关内容列入教学计划，分阶段、多层次对各级领导干部开展培训，普及科学知识，宣讲政策要点，强化法治意识，深化各级领导干部对碳达峰、碳中和工作重要性、紧迫性、科学性、系统性的认识。从事绿色低碳发展相关工作的领导干部要尽快提升专业素养和业务能力，切实增强推动绿色低碳发展的本领。