III. Key Tasks

三、重点任务

We will see that the goal to peak carbon dioxide emissions permeates the whole process and every aspect of economic and social development. Particular focus will be placed on implementation of ten major peaking carbon dioxide emissions actions, which are the action for green and low-carbon energy transition, the action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area, the action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation, the action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose, the action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation, the action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink, the action for green and low-carbon society, the action for promoting all regions peaking carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly.

将碳达峰贯穿于经济社会发展全过程和各方面，重点实施能源绿色低碳转型行动、节能降碳增效行动、工业领域碳达峰行动、城乡建设碳达峰行动、交通运输绿色低碳行动、循环经济助力降碳行动、绿色低碳科技创新行动、碳汇能力巩固提升行动、绿色低碳全民行动、各地区梯次有序碳达峰行动等“碳达峰十大行动”。

1. The action for green and low-carbon energy transition

（一）能源绿色低碳转型行动。

Energy is an important material foundation for economic and social development, as well as the principal source of carbon emissions. We will maintain commitment to cutting carbon emissions in a safe manner by vigorously promoting substitution of renewable sources of energy under the condition that energy security is ensured, and accelerate the development of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

能源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础，也是碳排放的最主要来源。要坚持安全降碳，在保障能源安全的前提下，大力实施可再生能源替代，加快构建清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系。

(a) Promoting coal substitution as well as transformation and upgrading

1．推进煤炭消费替代和转型升级。

We will pick up the pace in cutting coal consumption, strictly and rationally limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Severe restrictions will be placed on new coal power projects, and newly constructed units will meet the most advanced international standards for coal consumption. We will orderly phase-out outdated coal power capacity, accelerate energy-saving upgrades and flexibility retrofits on units that remain in service, actively advance retrofits in coal-fueled heating facilities, and push forward coal's transition into a power source that is for ensuring basic needs and serves as a system regulating source. In trans-regional transmission of power generated by new energy resources, we will strictly control the scale of supplementary coal power, and ensure in principle that no less than 50% of electricity transmitted via newly constructed lines is generated from renewable resources. We will push key coal consuming industries to reduce and limit their coal consumption. We will vigorously promote the clean utilization of coal. We will rationally designate zones where burning of bulk coal is prohibited, promote efforts to replace bulk coal and make coal cleaner in an active and orderly manner through multiple measures, and gradually reduce and eventually prohibit burning of bulk coal.

加快煤炭减量步伐，“十四五”时期严格合理控制煤炭消费增长，“十五五”时期逐步减少。严格控制新增煤电项目，新建机组煤耗标准达到国际先进水平，有序淘汰煤电落后产能，加快现役机组节能升级和灵活性改造，积极推进供热改造，推动煤电向基础保障性和系统调节性电源并重转型。严控跨区外送可再生能源电力配套煤电规模，新建通道可再生能源电量比例原则上不低于50%。推动重点用煤行业减煤限煤。大力推动煤炭清洁利用，合理划定禁止散烧区域，多措并举、积极有序推进散煤替代，逐步减少直至禁止煤炭散烧。

(b) Vigorously developing new energy resources

2．大力发展新能源。

We will spur large-scale, high-quality development of wind and solar power generation across the board, continue to promote both concentrated and distributed systems, and accelerate the construction of wind and solar farms. We will speed up innovative upgrading and specialized application of innovations in smart photovoltaic industry, creatively develop the "solar +" model, and promote a diversified layout in photovoltaic power generation. Emphasizing both onshore and offshore power generation systems, we will promote rapid and coordinated development of wind power, improve industrial chains for offshore wind power, and encourage the construction of offshore wind bases. We will actively develop solar thermal power generation, and promote the establishment of comprehensive bases for generating power with renewable resources where solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind power complement each other. We will develop biomass power generation and heating as well as biogas according to local conditions. We will explore ways of expanding the exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy as well as new marine energy sources such as wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy. We will further refine mechanisms for ensuring the uptake of power generated from renewable sources. By 2030, total installed generation capacity of wind and solar power will reach above 1200 gigawatts.

全面推进风电、太阳能发电大规模开发和高质量发展，坚持集中式与分布式并举，加快建设风电和光伏发电基地。加快智能光伏产业创新升级和特色应用，创新“光伏+"模式，推进光伏发电多元布局。坚持陆海并重，推动风电协调快速发展，完善海上风电产业链，鼓励建设海上风电基地。积极发展太阳能光热发电，推动建立光热发电与光伏发电、风电互补调节的风光热综合可再生能源发电基地。因地制宜发展生物质发电、生物质能清洁供暖和生物天然气。探索深化地热能以及波浪能、潮流能、温差能等海洋新能源开发利用。进一步完善可再生能源电力消纳保障机制。到2030年，风电、太阳能发电总装机容量达到12亿千瓦以上。

(c) Developing hydro power according to local conditions

3．因地制宜开发水电。

We will actively advance the construction of hydro power bases. This includes pushing for work to begin on the construction of hydro power projects that have already been incorporated into the plan and meet environmental protection requirements, including those on the upper Jinsha River, the upper Lancang River, the middle section of the Yalong River, and the upper Yellow River, pushing the development of hydro power on the lower Yarlung Zangpo River, and promoting the green development of small hydro power plants. We will push for coordination and complementarity between hydro, wind, and solar power generation in southwestern China. We will plan hydro power development and environment protection as a whole, and look into establishing mechanisms for compensating ecological conservation efforts in this regard. Approximately 40 gigawatts of additional hydro power capacity will be installed during both the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plan periods, respectively, while a renewable energy system based largely on hydro power will be generally established in southwestern China.

积极推进水电基地建设，推动金沙江上游、澜沧江上游、雅砻江中游、黄河上游等已纳入规划、符合生态保护要求的水电项目开工建设，推进雅鲁藏布江下游水电开发，推动小水电绿色发展。推动西南地区水电与风电、太阳能发电协同互补。统筹水电开发和生态保护，探索建立水能资源开发生态保护补偿机制。“十四五”、“十五五”期间分别新增水电装机容量4000万千瓦左右，西南地区以水电为主的可再生能源体系基本建立。

(d) Actively developing nuclear power through a safe and orderly approach

4．积极安全有序发展核电。

We will set a reasonable layout and timetable for the construction of nuclear power stations, and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will develop nuclear power in an orderly manner under the premise of ensuring safety and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will push forward demonstration projects for advanced reactor types including high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, small modular reactors, and offshore floating reactors, and conduct demonstrations on the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy. We will step up efforts to make nuclear power more standardized and independently driven, move faster to make breakthroughs in key technologies and equipment, and foster industry clusters for the manufacturing of high-end nuclear power equipment. We will enforce the strictest safety standards and the most rigorous oversight, and continue to enhance capacity for supervising nuclear safety.

合理确定核电站布局和开发时序，在确保安全的前提下有序发展核电，保持平稳建设节奏。积极推动高温气冷堆、快堆、模块化小型堆、海上浮动堆等先进堆型示范工程，开展核能综合利用示范。加大核电标准化、自主化力度，加快关键技术装备攻关，培育高端核电装备制造产业集群。实行最严格的安全标准和最严格的监管，持续提升核安全监管能力。

(e) Rationally regulating oil and gas consumption

5．合理调控油气消费。

We will keep oil consumption within a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote alternatives like advanced liquid biofuels and sustainable aviation fuel in substitution for traditional fuel oils, and make end-user fueled by oil more efficient. We will speed up the large-scale exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources including shale gas, coal bed gas, and tight oil and gas. We will steer natural gas consumption in an orderly manner by optimizing the structure of use with priority given to meeting public needs. Meanwhile, we will vigorously promote integrated development between natural gas and other energy resources, build natural gas peak shaving power plants according to local conditions, and rationally guide the use of natural gas for industrial and as feedstocks for chemicals industries. We will support the use of liquid natural gas as fuel for vehicles and ships.

保持石油消费处于合理区间，逐步调整汽油消费规模，大力推进先进生物液体燃料、可持续航空燃料等替代传统燃油，提升终端燃油产品能效。加快推进页岩气、煤层气、致密油（气）等非常规油气资源规模化开发。有序引导天然气消费，优化利用结构，优先保障民生用气，大力推动天然气与多种能源融合发展，因地制宜建设天然气调峰电站，合理引导工业用气和化工原料用气。支持车船使用液化天然气作为燃料。

(f) Speeding up the development of the new electric power system

6．加快建设新型电力系统。

We will build a new electric power system that the share of new energy resources keeps increasing, and work toward an optimized distribution of clean electricity generation on a broad scale. We will make vigorous efforts to enhance the overall adjustable capacity of our electric power system, expedite the construction of flexible power sources, incorporate enterprise-affiliated power plants, the load of traditional energy intensive industries, interruptible industrial and commercial load, electric vehicle charging grids, and virtual power plants into regulation of the power system, build resilient smart electrical grids, and make grids more secure and reliable. We will actively develop the "new energy + energy storage" model, promote coordination of power source-grid-load-storage, use multiple energy sources to supplement each other, and support the deployment of appropriate energy storage systems for distributed new energy sources. We will draft a new round of medium to long-term development plans for pumped-storage hydro power stations, and refine policies and mechanisms for spurring the development of this type of energy storage. We will accelerate the broad demonstration and application of new types of energy storage. We will deepen structural reform with regard to electric power, and speed up development of a unified national electricity market. By 2025, installed capacity of new types of energy storage will reach 30 gigawatts or more. By 2030, installed pumped-storage hydro power capacity will reach approximately 120 gigawatts, and provincial-level electrical grids will be equipped with peak load response capacity of 5% or more.

构建新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统，推动清洁电力资源大范围优化配置。大力提升电力系统综合调节能力，加快灵活调节电源建设，引导自备电厂、传统高载能工业负荷、工商业可中断负荷、电动汽车充电网络、虚拟电厂等参与系统调节，建设坚强智能电网，提升电网安全保障水平。积极发展“新能源+储能”、源网荷储一体化和多能互补，支持分布式新能源合理配置储能系统。制定新一轮抽水蓄能电站中长期发展规划，完善促进抽水蓄能发展的政策机制。加快新型储能示范推广应用。深化电力体制改革，加快构建全国统一电力市场体系。到2025年，新型储能装机容量达到3000万千瓦以上。到2030年，抽水蓄能电站装机容量达到1.2亿千瓦左右，省级电网基本具备5%以上的尖峰负荷响应能力。