We vigorously supported scientific and technological innovation. We created new mechanisms for managing government funds with a view to supporting breakthroughs on core technologies in key fields and facilitating the launch of major projects for the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda such as quantum communications, quantum computing, brain science, and brain-inspired intelligence research. We improved systems and mechanisms for supporting basic research and original innovation, intensified fiscal support for basic research, and provided the impetus to kick start independent innovation. We improved investment mechanisms coordinating the provision of support on an ongoing basis and a competitive basis, and intensified steady support for public scientific research institutions at the central level in their basic operations, research on independently selected topics, and development of research infrastructure. We employed a variety of means to support the construction of national science and technology innovation bases, and exerted the role of these bases in supporting scientific innovation. Making it a priority to foster high-level talent, we promoted the cultivation of more world-class leaders and teams of innovators in science and technology. We supported eligible enterprises in taking on research under central government-funded science and technology programs (projects and funds), and guided enterprises in increasing their R&D investment so that they truly become the primary vehicles of technological innovation.

大力支持科技创新。创新财政资金管理机制，保障关键核心技术攻关，支持量子通信与量子计算机、脑科学与类脑研究等“科技创新2030－重大项目”启动实施。健全鼓励支持基础研究、原始创新的体制机制，强化财政对基础研究的支持，为自主创新提供源头动力。健全稳定支持和竞争性支持相协调的投入机制，加大对中央级科学事业单位基本运行、自主选题研究和科研条件建设等稳定支持力度。综合运用多种方式支持国家科技创新基地建设，发挥对科技创新的支撑作用。突出对高水平人才队伍建设的支持，推动造就更多国际一流的科技领军人才和创新团队。支持符合条件的企业承担中央财政科技计划（专项、基金等）科研任务，引导企业加大研发投入，真正成为技术创新的主体。

We focused support on transformation and upgrading of the real economy. Promoting high-quality development of the manufacturing sector. We gave full play to the leveraging role of government funds in guiding capital and resources toward key areas of strategic importance. We consolidated financial resources to set up special funds for supporting the enhancement of basic industrial capacities and the upgrading of industrial chains. We stepped up preferential tax benefits for industries including integrated circuits and software, and extended the policy of providing subsidies and waiving taxes for new-energy vehicle purchases to the end of 2022.

着力支持实体经济转型升级。推动制造业高质量发展。发挥财政资金“四两拨千斤”撬动作用，引导资本、资源向战略关键领域聚焦。整合设立专项资金，支持提升产业基础能力和产业链水平。加大对集成电路、软件等产业税收优惠力度，延长新能源汽车购置补贴和免征车辆购置税政策至2022年底。

Vigorously supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. We guided nongovernmental capital toward supporting innovation and development at growing small and medium-sized enterprises which were still in the seed or startup stages. We continued to support development zones focused on the real-economy in creating distinctive platforms for entrepreneurship and innovation, and pushed small and medium-sized enterprises to enhance their capacity for innovation and raise their level of specialization. We furthered implementation of the policy of providing rewards and subsidies to promote the reduction of financing guaranty fees for small and micro businesses, and worked to expand financing guarantee coverage and cut related fees. We made further progress in clearing overdue payments to private enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses.

大力支持中小企业发展。引导社会资本共同支持种子期、初创期成长型中小企业创新发展。继续支持实体经济开发区打造创新创业特色载体，促进提高中小企业创新能力和专业化水平。深入实施小微企业融资担保降费奖补政策，推动融资担保扩面降费。进一步做好清理拖欠民营企业、中小企业账款工作。

Strengthening food and energy security guarantees. We increased rewards for major grain-producing counties, and refined policies for subsidizing corn, soybean, and rice producers. We backed the development of an additional 5.33 million hectares of high-standard cropland and the application of conservation tilling techniques on 2.67 million hectares of chernozem soil in northeast China. We supported coordinated efforts to reduce excess stockpiles of grain and put them on the market, thereby optimizing the structure of reserves. We also expanded the scope of temporary loan interest subsidies for hog farming in order to help stabilize the production and supply of hogs. We refined policies for subsidizing the use of renewable energy for power generation, and worked to see that electricity generated from wind and solar power comes on the grid at reasonable prices. We encouraged the exploration and utilization of unconventional natural gas such as shale gas and coal seam gas, and supported the expansion of our energy reserve capacity.

强化粮食能源安全保障。增加产粮大县奖励，完善玉米、大豆生产者补贴和稻谷补贴政策。支持新建高标准农田8000万亩，实施东北黑土地保护性耕作4000万亩。支持统筹做好粮食库存消化和库存投放，优化储备结构。扩大生猪养殖临时贷款贴息补助范围，促进生猪稳产保供。完善可再生能源发电补贴政策，支持光伏、风电等实现平价上网。鼓励页岩气、煤层气等非常规天然气开采利用。支持提升能源储备能力。

We continued to ensure and improve public wellbeing. Focusing on stabilizing employment. We expanded channels for providing employment-related funding, and facilitated the implementation of policies supporting employment and entrepreneurship. We bolstered policies for refunding employment insurance premiums to help enterprises maintain stable employment and for subsidizing interest payments on guarantee loans for business startups, thereby helping to keep businesses and employment stable. We extended the coverage of unemployment insurance, and enhanced efforts to meet the basic needs of unemployed persons and help them find new employment.

持续保障和改善民生。着力保居民就业。拓宽就业相关资金保障渠道，支持就业创业扶持政策落实。加大失业保险稳岗返还和创业担保贷款贴息政策力度，助力稳企业保就业。扩大失业保险保障范围，加强失业人员基本生活保障和再就业服务。

Promoting the development of more equitable and higher-quality education. We stabilized investment in education, and optimized the structure of investment. We established a unified national benchmark for public funding per student in the compulsory education stage, putting the benchmark in the central and western regions on a par with that in the eastern region. We supported work to address weak links and boost capacity in compulsory education, largely eliminated the problem of excessively large class sizes in urban schools, and basically remedied deficiencies at small rural schools and boarding schools in counties and townships. We facilitated the expansion of public-interest preschool education resources through both public and private kindergartens, and consolidated and improved the financial assistance system for preschool-age children. We moved faster to advance universal senior secondary education, promoted high-quality development of vocational education, and stepped up support for higher education institutions in the central and western regions.

推动教育公平发展和质量提升。稳定教育投入，优化投入结构。统一全国义务教育生均公用经费基准定额，将中西部地区标准提高到与东部一致。支持深入实施义务教育薄弱环节改善与能力提升工作，基本消除城镇“大班额”，基本补齐乡村小规模学校和乡镇寄宿制学校短板。支持地方公办民办并举扩大普惠性学前教育资源，巩固完善幼儿资助制度。加快推进高中阶段教育普及攻坚，促进职业教育高质量发展，加大对中西部高校的支持力度。

Raising social security benefits. Government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents and basic public health services were increased to 550 yuan and 74 yuan, respectively, per person per year. Basic pension benefits for retirees were increased by around 5%, and the minimum basic pension benefit for rural and non-working urban residents rose to 93 yuan. The centrally-regulated share of enterprise employees' basic old-age insurance funds was increased further to 4%, with 22 provinces in central and western regions and where old industrial bases are located receiving net benefits of 176.845 billion yuan from these funds. Pension benefits were paid on time and in full, and provincial-level collection and pay-out of enterprise workers' basic old-age insurance funds was realized. Subsidies and living allowances were increased for entitled groups. Work by the central government to appropriate a portion of state capital to replenish social security funds was fully completed, with a total of 1.68 trillion yuan in state capital transferred from 93 central government enterprises and financial institutions. We supported efforts to foster and develop the rental housing market in 24 trial cities, and provided assistance for the renovation of 40,300 old urban residential communities. We strengthened public cultural services at the community level, and helped more than 50,000 public cultural facilities like museums and libraries offer free admission.

提高社会保障水平。居民医保、基本公共卫生服务经费人均财政补助标准分别提高到每人每年550元、74元。按照5%左右的幅度调整退休人员基本养老金水平，城乡居民基础养老金最低标准提高到93元。企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂比例进一步提高至4%，22个中西部和老工业基地省份净受益1768.45亿元。保障养老金按时足额发放，实现企业养老保险基金省级统收统支。提高优抚对象等人员抚恤和生活补助标准。中央层面划转部分国有资本充实社保基金工作全面完成，共划转93家中央企业和金融机构国有资本总额1.68万亿元。支持24个试点城市培育发展住房租赁市场，支持各地开工改造城镇老旧小区4.03万个。强化基层公共文化服务，支持5万余家博物馆、图书馆等公共文化设施免费开放。

Working hard to meet people's basic needs. We launched mechanisms for raising social assistance and benefit payments in step with price increases in a timely manner, implemented short-term increases of temporary price subsidies, and expanded the coverage of subsistence allowances and temporary assistance, thereby ensuring the basic living needs of people in financial difficulty.

做好民生兜底工作。及时启动社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩联动机制，阶段性加大价格临时补贴力度，扩大低保、临时救助政策范围，保障困难群众基本生活。

We created and implemented a new mechanism for the direct allocation of government funds. A special-channel transfer payment mechanism was established for the 2 trillion yuan of new funds from the fiscal deficit and Covid-19 bonds to ensure that these funds went precisely where intended, going straight to prefecture and county governments and directly benefiting businesses and people.

创新实施新增财政资金直达机制。对新增财政赤字和抗疫特别国债2万亿元建立特殊转移支付机制，确保新增中央财政资金“一竿子插到底”，直达市县基层、直接惠企利民。

Establishing a sound management system. We formulated management provisions and set clear requirements for the distribution, utilization, allocation, and supervision of directly-appropriated funds to ensure that these funds were not diluted or withheld. We pushed and guided local authorities in rigorously implementing this system of management, ensuring that provincial-level finance departments act as involved intermediaries in their role of distributing funds rather than detached onlookers, and that a greater proportion of funds reaches the lower levels.

健全管理制度。制定管理办法，明确直达资金分配、使用、拨付、监管要求，防范资金分散和截留。督促指导地方严格执行制度，省级财政既当好“过路财神”又不当“甩手掌柜”，加大资金下沉力度。

Rapidly delivering funds. Acting according to the principle of the central government divvying up funds and provincial authorities taking charge of specifics with rapid and direct allocation of funds following filing and approval, we pushed forward precise and effective delivery of funds to end users. Utilization of funds covered under the direct allocation mechanism was faster by one quarter or more compared to previous years.

快速下达资金。按照“中央切块、省级细化、备案同意、快速直达”的原则，推动资金高效精准投放到终端。与往年相比，纳入直达机制的资金使用进度整体上加快了一个季度以上。

Enforcing rigorous supervision over funds. We developed an oversight system for directly-allocated funds linking central, provincial, prefectural, and county-level finance departments, and set up a ledger system to trace every sum at every stage from its source to its end user. We strengthened interdepartmental coordination to form synergy in oversight. The direct allocation mechanism has run smoothly and effectively, promptly supplementing the financial resources of primary-level governments so that they can fulfill their tasks in maintaining security in the six areas, and providing timely support for market entities in overcoming difficulties.

严格资金监管。开发建设联通中央、省、市、县各级财政的直达资金监控系统，建立资金台账，实现对每笔资金从源头到末端的全链条、全过程跟踪。加强部门协同联动，形成监管合力。直达机制运行有序有效，为基层落实“六保”任务及时补充了财力，为市场主体克服困难及时提供了支持。