英语口译三级精讲第49讲讲义

一、回译练习
回译是指将一段英文（中文）译成中文（英文），然后将中文（英文）回译成英文（中文），再与原文进行对比，从而发现自己的英语译文中存在的问题，并提高对英文原文中的语言形式的理解与运用。回译是我国很多成功的外语学习者所用学习方法之一。

1、目的：提高整体英语水平及英语表达能力
2、方法：利用口译汉英对照(或英汉对照)的读物如《英语世界》和《英语沙龙》等。
1）首先读汉语部分，然后逐句直接口译成英文；
2）完成一小段后，对照书中的英文部分并与自己的口译进行比较；
3）发现自己口译的错误、缺点并改进；
4）译文回译成原文
3、要求：
1）开始要选择较简单的读物，且应大量做；只做一两篇效果是不明显的，开始可能较慢、费时较多。只要能坚持，练习整体上是一个加速的过程；
2）高级阶段进行计时练习，以加快反应速度和口语流利度。（可以读英文报刊或杂志如The Economist, The International Herald Tribune等）

口译练习：
采访乌干达财政、计划与经济发展部部长（英汉互译对话）
博螯亚洲论坛发言（汉译英）
第二届东盟工商领导人峰会发言（英译汉）

二、翻译单项技巧练习——增词法Amplification
由于英汉两种语言的差异，在翻译过程中很难做到词字上的完全对应。因此，为了准确地传达出原文的信息，译者往往需要对疑问作一些增添（或删减）。英译汉的增词主要是出于汉语表达的考虑，用增词法译出原文所省略的词语，增添必要的连接词、量词或复数概念，或从修饰连贯方面考虑，使译文符合汉语习惯表达法。汉译英的增词只在使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，常用于代词、冠词、连接词及介词的增添。

1. 增词法在英译汉中的运用

1）增添原文中所省略的词语
It's more expensive than it was last time but not as good.价钱比上次的高，但质量却比上次的差。（增补原文省略部分，原句后半句的完整形式应该是：⋯but it is not as good as it was last time.）
The application of plastics in automobile industry has brought about great increase of the consumption.塑料在汽车工业上的使用大增加了塑料的消费量。（增补原文省略部分，以使意思更加清楚）

2）增添必要的连接词语
For mistakes have been made, bad ones. 因为已经犯了错误，而且是糟糕的错误。
Heated, water will change into vapor. 水如果受热，就会汽化。

3）表达出复数概念
He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars.他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤痕。

4）把抽象概念表达清楚
After all preparations were made, the plane took off.一切准备工作就绪后，飞机就起飞了。类似的词还有：persuasion, backwardness, tension, arrogance, madness, antagonism, etc.

5）逻辑性增词
Air pressure decreases with altitude. 气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。

6）概括性增词
The Americans and Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message. 美日两国进行了一次完全保密的信息交流。
The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。

7）从修辞和连贯角度考虑增词
The printer is indeed cheap and fine.这台打印机真是物美价廉。
A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories and his conclusion.科学家们经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理论，并放弃自己的结论。

8）重复性增词
Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。（英语在比较句、条件句或省略句中往往有较多省略，尤其是相同部分，在翻译中需要补充。）

2. 增词法在汉译英中运用

1）增添必要的代词
大作收到，十分高兴。I was very glad to have received your writing.
交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.

2）增添必要的冠词
我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.

3）增添必要的连接词语
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.

4）增添必要的介词
你是白天工作还是夜间工作？Do you work in the daytime or at night?
该地区已没什么城乡差别。There is little difference between town and country in this region.

5)增添必要的背景词语
三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.
别班门弄斧。Don't try to show off your proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter.
这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。It is just as the proverb goes, “The onlooker sees most of the game.”

三、本章重点、难点

词 汇

commit 使用、调拨（时间、金钱）
这个州将拨出5，800万美元用于购买新的研究设备。The state will commit $ 58 million for a new research facility.

Official statistics show that since 1991 nearly 2,000 enterprises have committed over 2 billion US dollars in actual investment in Uganda’s ago-processing, manufacturing, energy, tourism, fisheries and many others.
官方统计数据显示自从1991年以来，有近两千家企业在乌干达的农业加工、制造、能源、旅游、渔业及其他方面的实际投资达近20亿美元。

on the upswing 方兴未艾
旅游业的发展方兴未艾。 The tourist industry is on the upswing.

句型口译

leave much room for improvement. 还有很大的发展空间。
Would you please tell something about? 能否谈谈?
我很高兴参加 It gives me great pleasure to attend
我愿与大家共同讨论的问题。I would like to discuss with you issues concerning
资源十分丰富、历史源远流长、文化博大精深。It has rich resources and profound and magnificent culture in a long history. Its resources are abundant and its cultures are profound and magnificent in a long history
我想谈几点看法。 I’d like to make a few observations / comments.
Since and technology make progress with each passing day. 科学技术日新月异。
I would like to hereby extend sincere gratitude to the chairman of the organizing committee for his kind invitation! 我要衷心地感谢组委会主席对我的邀请。
Efforts should be dedicated to 应当致力于
May a shining future! 祝前程似锦！

四、词汇口译

新华社Xinhua News Agency
财政部长 Minister of Finance
foreign exchange revenue / earning 外汇收入
initial cooperation 初期合作
coffee processing 咖啡加工
双边贸易 bilateral trade
in quantity 大量地
leave much room to 在方面大有改进
land cultivation 耕作
arable land 可耕作土地
mainstay 主要部分、支柱
stride forward by big steps 阔步前进
招商引资的条件 condition for investment soliciting
Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲
commit 使用
agro-processing 农业加工