英语口译三级精讲第2讲讲义

课文口译(二)

二、词汇、句型口译

1、词汇口译

领导换届 the change of state leadership

抗击非典疫症 the combat against SARS

上任 to take office

里程碑 landmark

惊心动魄 soul-stirring

艰苦卓绝 arduous

坚定不移 steadfast

振兴经济 to revitalize the economy

勤劳、勇敢和智能 the assiduity, courage and wisdom

改善民主 improve people's livelihood

改善施政 improve standards of governance

珠江三角洲 the Pearl River Delta

民族振兴 national revival

义不容辞 unshirkable

干杯 cheers

欢聚一堂 join (together)

突如其来 No sooner than; come all of a sudden

小康 well-off; well-to-do; comfortably off

紓解民困alleviate people's hardships

化解民怨 redress public grievances

凝聚民心 improve social solidarity

经济转型 economic transformation/restructuring

主人翁姿态 role of master

繁荣昌盛thriving prosperity

抓紧/加快/推动 step up; speed up; promote

香港个人游 Individual Visits to HK

稳定楼市 stabilize property market

财政政策 fiscal policy


2、句型口译

我们为此感到无比骄傲和自豪。Our pride and joy in this accomplishment is overwhelming.

三、口译技巧

1．英汉语序调整

英语状语可前可后，汉语状语一般前置。

China's first manned space flight successfully circled the earth 14 times during its 21-hour trip.
中国首次载人航天飞机在21小时的飞行中成功地绕地球14圈。

We are lucky to have returned to the motherland under "One Country, Two Systems" at the time of her rise to power.
香港在国家走向盛事的背景下回归到祖国的怀抱，实行"一国两制"，是我们向港人的幸运。

汉语的主语如果前面的修饰语较长或者主语本身由短语或长句构成，译成英语一般把主语提前，前置定语转换为英语的定语从句；或者采用形式主语it的方式。

It was a day of historic significance when China completely succeeded in its first manned space flight.
中国首次载人航天飞行取得圆满成功的日子是一个有着重要历史意义的日子。（强调句型）

The uneven distribution of science and information between the industrialized and developing countries also raises concern.
工业化国家(发达国家)和发展中国家之间科学和信息技术分配不均衡的问题也值得关注。（2004年11月真题）

It is the expectation of people in HK and unshirkable duty of SAR government to revitalize the economy, improve people's livelihood, improve standards of governance and promote democratic advancement according to Basic Law.
振兴经济、改善民生、改善施政、依照基本法推动香港民主向前发展，是市民对本届政府的诉求，也是本届政府义不容辞的责任。

反之，英语中带有很长修饰成分的主语或宾语在译成汉语时，需要将修饰成分提前。

On behalf of all my colleagues in every part of the UN, in every corner of the globe, who have devoted their lives–and in many instances risked or given their lives in the cause of peace–I thank the Members of the Nobel Committee for this high honor.
我谨代表在联合国各个部门、在全球每个角落全心全意地工作、在很多情况下为和平事业冒着生命危险甚至奉献出生命的所有的同事，感谢诺贝尔和平委员会成员给予我们这一从高荣誉。

2．意译（在理解的基础上灵活翻译，不能逐字逐句死译）。

新一届领导人在今年年初顺利产生。
We rejoiced early this year as our new state leaders were inaugurated.

Inaugurate （多用被动语态）举行就职典礼、落成仪式

Barak Obama will be inaugurated as the President of the U.S. inJanuary 2009.The new theatre was inaugurated by the mayor.

3．省略法

在一个近十三亿人口的国家，能够使人民的生活达到小康水品，是中华民族发展历史上的一个新的里程碑。
Building a well-off society for about 1.3 billion people is an impressive landmark in the history of the Chinese nation.

其他的例子还有：

提供有益的经验、新一届领导人在今年年初顺利产生、一条正确、成功地路线。

4．长句拆分法 + 增词法

我们伟大的祖国，坚定不移地沿着一条正确、成功地路线，// 以更加积极的姿态，更大的规模和更高的水平持续发展，//用中国人的勤劳，勇敢和智慧，为十三亿人的福祉，为人类文明的进步，书写更加辉煌的篇章。

这是一个段落句，可拆分为两个或三个英文句子。

Our great motherland is marching unswervingly/steadfastly on the path to success. // Future development will be even more ambitious in approach, more massive in scale and more exacting in its standards. // With the assiduity, courage and wisdom of the Chinese people, we are about to write a new and even more brilliant chapter in the lives of our 1.3 billion countrymen and the advancement of human civilization. //
（拆分成三句） 由于长句被拆分，需要第三个句子中添加主语"我们"。

Our great motherland is marching unswervingly/steadfastly on the path to success with greater ambition to develop economy in a more massive scale and at a higher level. // With the assiduity, courage and wisdom of the Chinese people, we are about to write a new and even more brilliant chapter in the lives of our 1.3 billion countrymen and the advancement of human civilization. // （拆分成两句）

5．归纳法

Securing real and lasting improvement in the lives of individual men and women is the measure of all we do at the United Nations.

寻求切实并持久地改善个人的生活是我们在联合国所做的一切工作的衡量标准。

6．被动语态转化为主动语态（英语介词by引导的短语译成汉语的原因状语从句）

My own path to service at the U.N. was made possible by the sacrifice and commitment of my family and many friends from all continents.
我走上服务于联合国的道路，是因为有我的家人和各大洲许多朋友做出的牺牲和奉献。

7．词性转换

动词转化成名词

这表明中国愿意与联合国和世界各国在和平利用外空方面进行合作，同时也表明中国支持联合国宪章宗旨和原则的决心。
This indicates China's willingness to cooperate with the UN and countries around the world in peaceful use of the outer space and China's determination to support goals and principles of the UN Charter.

动词转化成介词

香港在国家走向盛事的背景下回归到祖国的怀抱，实行"一国两制"，是我们向港人的幸运。
We are lucky to have returned to the motherland under "One Country,Two Systems" at the time of her rise to power.

名词转化为形容词

Sadly, a prize for peace is a rarity in this world.
遗憾的是，和平奖世间少有。

8．合并短句

全国社会稳定，政治稳定，处处呈现出生机勃勃的景象。(因果关系)

Social and political stability throughout the country makes for a vibrant outlook.

make for 导致、造成、促成

The large print makes for easier reading. 大号印刷字体容易读。

For one thing, it provides a special day to remind people to take care of the Earth. It also gives special interest and environmental groups an opportunity to motivate their members to take action in their communities.
一方面是这一活动可以提醒人们要细心照看好我们的地球，同时也使特别礼仪团体和环保组织有机会动员自己的成员在各自的社区采取行动。

9 短语/句子成分单独成句

For me, as a young African beginning his career in the UN a few months later, those two men set a standard that I have sought to follow throughout my working life.
我是几个月后再联合国开始职业生涯的一名非洲青年。对我来说，这两人确立了我在整个工作生涯中一直努力依循的标准。