第991期:重要的卫生发展(3)
日期:2023-06-06 11:32

(单词翻译:单击)

Vh|.AR,C=S~%R|_q-,[c4e+nNB

Vaccines. A vaccine contains a small amount of a virus.

0w~V&UP*y6OgpSif2e8s

疫苗M!gz!p2MNUc=R_。疫苗中含有少量病毒,qAb~%sq_S;s9c,

7il0xfx2Qub

Doctors can inject this virus into a person.

b&)&BXlGrB

医生可以将这种病毒注射到人体内YZWeG3f0P[lKHe0

1U33(av,gOjq3zY470e

A person’s defence system will attack the virus.

l1.8BWs,5%^

人的防御系统会攻击这种病毒FJRmt1MlTKN!WMm

E*8t;Cre7L

It will produce new cells that will recognize the virus.

91jb8tpgOqfV@_5

它将会产生识别这种病毒的新细胞s.P)2%,QVjgiyp

|)M2uz9XxK5MQQ9ZQs

If a person’s body becomes infected with the virus, the person will not get sick.

XVh-pHa2p377,=T.p08

如果一个人的身体感染了这种病毒,这个人就不会生病+)wfix@D7s8*5TaF20

HS90pYi5vK

Defence cells will attack the virus.

0mc4MUdN1gU8eP~e=)m.

防御细胞将会攻击这种病毒[b=(!Q9,)Ho

-8Gj^YohpkqLxu

Common vaccines are the polio vaccine and the small pox vaccine.

8I!8YBe_8=8

常见的疫苗有脊髓灰质炎疫苗和天花疫苗Ad2Qvyz)F!|s&QCs

%t3gn0WH=B

Sanitation. Sanitation is the clearing of solid human waste.

c~6DrD*FKvmS0X*3%@0

卫生设施MCIXyxF6GD-4@IE|J。卫生设施清除人类固体废物r,KhDrd&e#o

NC)#Z.Gm-;98YeK6RxL

It is also the measures taken to make sure things are clean.

@*]_KY-vH4ja

这也是为确保一切东西清洁而采取的措施B]..PxwaC_Ox|x|

0-m9BJ3yR0d^UiD

This includes chemicals and soaps people can use to wash surfaces and their bodies.

%V[RM@irXN

其中包括人们可以用来清洗表面和身体的化学物质和肥皂tGLVEb_,D7%R)0

!*.n|+J5u98#~h|M]f6

Sanitation protects against the spread of disease.

.!)RuR)WvDLcqKznE.s)

卫生设施可防止疾病传播r1dqQKX~4Qv

AT(RQAJ&GI&

About 15 percent of the people questioned by the British Medical Journal voted for sanitation.

yDS7suB&=NdG4

在接受《英国医学杂志》询问的人中,约15%的人投票选择了卫生设施M@x4b+O&y~Ywj%g

23@[aiJ,[gzA3=

These people believe that sanitation is the best medical development in over 100 years. But why?

(jxr_EUm=HiJUZMa~O+Q

这些人认为,卫生设施是100多年来最好的医疗发展Uq52qhs|@7X&X9np]Vt。但是为什么呢?

bgX3xcDz9Cor[PkuqG

Well, during the 19th century many people in Europe were dying of cholera.

*Z(HEBSk6L]%X

在19世纪,欧洲有很多人死于霍乱O,)4YNA;yQ

I~FUj=#VjbL

No one knew how cholera spread.

v|f_l4RaLcLkxR^pBIx

没有人知道霍乱是如何传播的0|_bnaEk_K,Zo83O,X;

o+UI(Dj8O^;.!d]4hJd@

Then one day a man named John Snow turned off a particular water pump in London.

Z30w(y(x&(WZIkO3D

后来有一天,一个叫约翰·斯诺的人关掉了伦敦的一个水泵s=[wTE&R+D

QpTQ7&I049n&%3)+z

Many people got their water from this pump.

snbeb*-T8IWLls]=.;

很多人都从这个水泵取水3AzeXJS,Cj|hH4k

I8&QuSAxIu&lW0w]lk

It was not a very clean area.

=suR-Q1^L.@tH[fek(P

它不是一个非常干净的区域3,04r5-XYyJ

w.ESWO6N)pz%R%BLB

But, shutting off the pump stopped the spread of cholera in that area.

w3Bfv.6Leqz#.&@

但是,关闭水泵阻止了霍乱在该地区的传播r3_uCrJg]hfuBb

EF9J0,)I#Gtl9%X

Soon people began to create systems through cities.

*fVje!%s9kc87=M

不久,人们开始在城市创建系统,f&ai^jmcog)3Ozz

AVaJT.9DGCYOmBa0

One system would bring clean water into peoples’ homes through pipes.

&s^NdeWxq%Elw5W8e

其中一个系统将通过管道将清洁的水输送到人们的家中Crr=T[bK9r-JDGITtT]e

!dukT&,o0Azi

And another system would take dirty, waste-filled water out.

mL+[Z8MdyxR

而另一个系统将把肮脏的、充满废物的水排出dqhugk.QT|91n5TegkmH

#Vw][SS53+Y(]4;sD

In this way, clean and dirty water did not mix.

AZ@tPHBhU[Or

这样,干净的水和脏的水就不会混合在一起&1VvT55Li,Z

y4|p-P,,R]WG#~Ec

This idea spread through parts of Europe.

UM,D|N1y^VoA

这一想法在欧洲部分地区传播开来f0~z9w05FasK%G~5

((7^e1Ad.9

And, deaths from cholera and diarrhoea dropped by 12 percent!

WO(C91W#NU

霍乱和腹泻的死亡率下降了12%!

Jom;0,mJ2ay9

Now people use these systems all over the world.

N0x~9F^%aUniU.2oUo(,

如今全世界的人都在使用这种系统njQo-2,,7Jh5o!kyHU

-#LA++1XA~@k52[&8J9RKi7TfT@MA[8QY[YwB|Dabc+Y
分享到