词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

1．There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.
A．different B．wrong C．strange D．funny
2．I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A．at B．with C．about D．from
3．She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A．found by chance B．passed by C．took a notice of D．woke up
4．The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A．general B．complex C．direct D．inflexible
5．It seems incredible that he had been there a week already.
A．unbelievable B．right C．obvious D．unclear
6．She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A．worried B．sleepy C．anxious D．offensive
7．Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A．send B．hear C．spread D．confirm
8．As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A．express B．influence C．divide D．voice
9．These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A．explore B．travel C．inhabit D．prefer
10．He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A．taught B．kept C．changed D．attracted
11．The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A．cautious B．naked C．blind D．private
12．Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A．repaired B．cleared C．booked D．fixed
13．Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A．shut B．break C．set D．beat
14．The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A．shorten B．start C．end D．resume
15．He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
A．understand B．withhold C．exchange D．contact
阅读判断
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. “They’re the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a robotics, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset’s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）. “Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,” Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don’t, such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient’s chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations, “I still don’t get bored of watching the motion of my robots,” Choset says.
16．Choset began to build robots in high school.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Choset didn’t begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Choset’s snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Black Holes
1　Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational（重力的）force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2　Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量）black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become a black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!
3　Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up（吞噬）objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4　So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to study galaxies, space and the solar system to understand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute to a bigger process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.

23．Paragraph 1 ______
24．Paragraph 2 ______
25．Paragraph 3 ______
26．Paragraph 4 ______

A．Is there proof that black holes really exist?
B．What are different types of black holes?
C．How are black holes formed?
D．How were black holes named?
E．What happens to the objects around a black hole?
F．What are black holes made of?

27．Black holes are formed after ______.
28．When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into ______.
29．A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of ______.
30．Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove ______.

A．the creation of new entities
B．an explosion of huge stars
C．the tiniest particle
D．the same amount of mass
E．the existence of black holes
F．a fraction of an inch


阅读理解1
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of U.S. energy production; the U.S. Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing, both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual U.S. energy production.
In 2000, 32 percent of U.S. oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered U.S. oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to U.S. taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the U.S. Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands lags behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from U.S. geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing U.S. thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on the public lands to meet U.S. energy demands is intensifying. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact mitigation measures may be imposed, or mineral production may be banned altogether.
31．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
B．Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
C．Public lands play an important role in energy production.
D．Public lands store huge energy resources for further development..
32．Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?
A．Half of U.S. energy is produced there.
B．Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
C．Most energy resources are reserved there.
D．The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
33．Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that
A．alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.
B．they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.
C．geothermal resources are more important than the other two.
D．the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.
34．There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because
A．many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.
B．the US is demanding more and more energy.
C．quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.
D．many Americans think public lands are being abused.
35．Public lands can be used for energy development when
A．they go through the land use planning process.
B．energy development restrictions are effective.
C．federal land managers grant permissions.
D．there is enough federal budget.

第二篇 Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: They’ve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless you’re a plant, it’s difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That’s why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo., is working with green algae. She’s trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. “But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen.” Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It’s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It’s not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae’s cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells’ activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: “You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There’s a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms.”
36．How do plants relate to solar energy?
A．They are the real experts in producing it.
B．They have been a source of it.
C．They have been used to produce it.
D．They have been using it for billions of years.
37．Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to
A．improve the efficiency of it.
B．turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.
C．make green plants a new source of energy.
D．get more sugars and starches from plants.
38．Algae are able to use solar energy to produce hydrogen when
A．they are grown in narrow-necked bottles.
B．there is enough oxygen in the air.
C．enough starch is stored.
D．there is no oxygen in the air.
39．Researchers find it difficult to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently because
A．removing the sulfate slows down the hydrogen production.
B．It is hard to create an airfree environment.
C．It is expensive to remove the sulfate from the environment.
D．the algae’s cells work slowly if there is no oxygen in the air.
40．What does Ghirardi say about algae?
A．They grow faster in a reactor.
B．They will be planted everywhere.
C．They are cheap to eat.
D．They can be a good energy source.

第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badgers
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers（獾）. The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly（谨慎地）as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious（凶恶的）. Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey（猎物）. The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fat that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity — or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seems to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
41．Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A．To observe how honey badgers behave.
B．To find where honey badgers live.
C．To catch some honey badgers for food.
D．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
42．What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A．They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B．They are always looking for food.
C．They do not enjoy human company.
D．It is common for them to attack people.
43．What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A．There were some creatures they did not eat.
B．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
C．They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
D．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
44．Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A．They don’t run very quickly.
B．They defend their territory from other badgers.
C．They are more aggressive than females
D．They hunt over a very large area.
45．What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
A．They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
B．They lost interest in people.
C．They started eating more.
D．Other animals started working with them.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。 The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. __________ (46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable. __________ (47) Many crops withered and died, despite growers’ attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type. __________ (48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.
__________ (49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane. __________ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
A．Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
B．Sugar cane was now much vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
C．One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D’Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.
D．The majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
E．Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane’s genetic code.
F．Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
完形填空
第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic ________ (51) in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the ________ (52) areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems ________ (53) the Indian sub-continent.
While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have ________ (54) played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India ________ (55). It is because they feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are ________ (56) left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has ________ (57) an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these ________ (58) animals. There are fears that rabies may increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, ________ (59) wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, ________ (60) an even greater problem in the future.
The need for action is ________ (61), so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to ________ (62) the disease causing the birds’ deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture ________ (63) were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined ________ (64) over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”. As most vultures lay only single eggs and ________ (65) about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.
51．A．increase B．threat C．decline D．risk
52．A．small B．different C．same D．safe
53．A．above B．with C．across D．through
54．A．rarely B．long C．recently D．seldom
55．A．dangerous B．clean C．smelly D．beautiful
56．A．immediately B．occasionally C．hardly D．traditionally
57．A．acted as B．led to C．come from D．slowed down
58．A．dead B．strange C．wild D．endangered
59．A．when B．so C．whether D．since
60．A．improving B．causing C．predicting D．finding
61．A．frequent B．regular C．urgent D．sudden
62．A．identify B．prove C．test D．check
63．A．injuries B．deaths C．arrivals D．attacks
64．A．in B．on C．along D．by
65．A．waste B．consume C．take D．adopt

参考答案
2013年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（理工类B级）
1 C 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 A
6 D 7 C 8 B 9 B 10 D
11 A 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 A
16 A 17 B 18 A 19 C 20 C
21 B 22 C 23 C 24 F 25 E
26 A 27 B 28 C 29 D 30 E
31 B 32 A 33 A 34 A 35 C
36 D 37 C 38 D 39 A 40 D
41 A 42 A 43 B 44 D 45 B
46 D 47 A 48 F 49 E 50 C
51 C 52 C 53 C 54 B 55 B
56 D 57 B 58 A 59 D 60 B
61 C 62 A 63 B 64 D 65 C
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。

答案解析
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）试题题解
第1部分：词汇选项
1　D　come across是固定搭配，意思是“偶遇，碰巧发现”，因此选择D0 pass by路过，take a notice of注意到，wake up醒来。
2　C　incredible意为“难以置信的”，与unbelievable同义。obvious明显的，unclear不清楚的。
3　A　tempt“吸引，诱惑”，此处为被动态，句子意思为：他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了。A符合句义。
4　B　aggressive意为“好斗的，富于攻击性的”，与offensive意义相近，如：Men tend to be more aggressive than women.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。Knives of any sort are classed as offensive weapons.任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。worried担心的，sleepy困倦的，anxious 焦急的。
5　C　as regards是固定搭配，意思是“关于”，如：There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements.资金筹备方面毫无问题。
6　D　migrate的意思是“迁徙”,travel除了常见的“旅行”意义外，还有“行进”的意思，如：Supersonic planes can travel faster than the speed of sound.超音速飞机的速度比音速快。在这里可作同义替换。explore探索，inhabit栖息，居住，prefer更喜欢。
7　C　peculiar意为“奇怪的，古怪的”，如：She has the most peculiar ideas.她的想法非常古怪。因此选择C。
8　B　anchor本义是“锚，下锚”，此处转义为“固定住”，与选项B同义。repair修理，clear清除，book预定。
9　A　manipulate意为“操纵，控制”，句子的意思是：作为一个政治家，他知道如何左右公共舆论，influence的意思是“影响”，在这里可替换。express表达，divide分开；voice表达。
10　C　digest本义是“消化”，可转义为“理解（知识、信息）”，在句中可与understand互换。withhold保留，隐瞒；exchange交换；contact联系。
11　B　rigid僵硬的，固定的，顽固的，与inflexible同义。
12　D　circulate作不及物动词时意思是“传播，流通”，如：We should often open the windows to allow the air to circulate.我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。题干的意思是：关于他财政问题的流言开始流传。
13　A　bust使爆裂，题干意思是：快点，不然我就破门而人了。这里与break同义。
14　C　wary谨慎的，机警的，与cautious同义。naked裸体的，blind盲的，private私人的。
15　C　expire期满，终止，与end同义。resume重新开始。

第2部分：阅读判断
16　A　第二段最后一句话提到“他在高中时制作出与小汽车相似的移动式机器人”，因此本文题于表达的意思符合文章本意，选择答案A。
17　B　第三段提到“一些机器人只能朝四个方向移动，但机器蛇能够向着许多方向扭转”。因此，题干中提到的“机器蛇只能朝四个方向移动”与文章本意不符。答案为B。
18　A　第四段第一句提到“Choset在卡耐基梅隆大学工作后，和他的同事在那里开始开发他们自己的机器蛇”。因此题干表达的意思与文章本意相符。答案为A。
19　C　第四段只提到Choset的机器蛇既可以像真蛇一样移动，也可以做蛇做不到的旋转，还可以在不同地势上爬行，但是没有提到能够比其他人开发的机器蛇做更多的动作，所以题干中提到的信息在文中没有显示。答案为C。
20　C　第五段只提到Choset设想他的机器蛇是否能运用于医疗领域，减少心脏手术的创伤面。并没有提到机器蛇可为心脏手术节省时间，所以本题答案应该选C。
21　B　第六段、第七段只提到Zenati在塑料制的外胸模型上练习使用机器蛇，然后再将机器蛇用于猪身上进行测试，但并没有在这之后又用于人测试，而是一个位于波士顿名叫Medrobotics的公司把这项技术用于人的手术，所以题干中提到的Zenati把机器蛇用在人身上进行测试与文章本意不符。答案为B。
22　C　第七段只是提到Medrobotics公司目前把这项技术应用到人类手术中，但并没有提到因此给公司带来高额利润，所以题干中提到的信息在文中没有显示。答案为C。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23　A　本段的主题句是“Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars"。意为“科学家已经发现黑洞是来自于巨大恒星的爆炸”，后文主要讲恒星爆炸的原理，所以本段主要讲的是黑洞是如何形成的。答案是A。
24　B　本段的主题句是“Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen , other gases and a few metals”，意为“黑洞来源于由氢气、其他气体和少量金属组成的星体”，本段其他的句子在讲黑洞的形成条件。所以本段主要讲的是黑洞的组成。答案是B。
25　F　本段中，第一句话主要讲被黑洞吸住的物体总是停在那，永远不能挣脱。第二句话主要讲黑洞只能在一定的距离内吞噬物体。第三、第四句话主要是说太阳附近的大型星体可能会变成黑洞，但是太阳的位置不会变。所以本段主要讲黑洞周围物体的情况。因此答案是F。
26　E　本段的主题句是“So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity”，意思是“天文学家根据爱因斯坦的相对论已经算出黑洞的存在”。后文讲的是天文学家对黑洞存在的进一步研究。因此本段主要在讲黑洞存在的证据，答案是E。
27　D　第一段第二句话，"Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars"，意思是“科学家已经发现黑洞来自于巨大恒星的爆炸”，所以答案是D，“巨大恒星的爆炸”。
28　A　第二段第二句话，“When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量）black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle”，意思是“只有在星体足够大时，爆炸后才能变成恒星质量的黑洞，因为爆炸使创门变成片状，然后重力开始将每一片压成最薄的粒子”。所以答案是A，“最薄的粒子”。
29　C　第三段第四句“Orbits（轨道）do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star”，意思是“新形成的黑洞的轨道不会变，因为它的质量和它之前是恒星时的质量一样”。所以答案是C，“相同的质量”。
30　F　第四段第一句话，“So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity”，意思是“到目前为止，天文学家已经根据爱因斯坦的相对论算出黑洞的存在”。所以答案是F，“黑洞的存在”。

第4部分：阅读理解
31　B　第一段主要讲美国的公共土地提供了大量的能源生产，第二段主要讲美国的石油、天然气和煤矿资源有很多都是来自联邦土地，第三段主要讲联邦土地的能源贡献了大量的财政收人，第四段主要讲联邦土地所生产的其他能源数量仍然很大，最后一段主要讲美国的公共土地在得到评估后才可用于发展能源。由此看出本文主要讲的是公共土地在能源生产中扮演重要角色。答案是B。
32　B　第二段最后一句话“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas”，可以看出答案为B。
33　C　第四段第一句话“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production , though the amount is still significant”，说明公共土地的其他能源生产仍然很大，后文则是在举例，因此答案为C。
34　D　第五段第一句话“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public un-ease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense”，说明美国对能源日益增长的需求使得公共土地在满足美国能源要求时压力增大，因此答案是D。
35　A　第五段第二句话“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process”，可以明确答案是A。
36　D　第一段第三句话说得很清楚“They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years”，几十亿年来，他们使用太阳光作为能量来源。
37　B　第三段第一句话提到“Some scientists are trying to get plants ,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small photosynthetic power stations”，说明一些科学家试图让植物变成小型的光合作用发电站，所以科学家研究光合作用是想把绿色植物变成新的能量来源。
38　C　第四段最后两句话提到水藻在无空气的环境下会产生氢，多数情况下空气中的氧会阻碍水藻产生氢。所以答案是C，“空气中无氧时”。
39　B　第六段第一句话讲得很清楚“Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly ,and not much hydrogen is produced"，说明将硫酸盐移走会使水藻细胞工作得很慢，而且氢也产生得不多。
40　A　最后一段中，Ghirardi说微生物能很便宜地得到，很容易喂养，他们几乎在哪都能生长，如何使用这些微生物也很灵活。所以Ghirardi的意思是微生物包括水藻可以是一个很好的能量来源。
41　B　第一段第三句Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地）as possible.可推断出此次调查的目的是了解獾的习性。
42　A　第二段讲述Khama对獾的评价，它们有很强的好奇心。
43　C　由第三段可知，獾对当地的瓜类很感兴趣，而瓜含水量很高，它们吃瓜是为了得到水分。獾通常会吃它们所能抓到的任何动物，连毒蛇也不怕，因此A、B错误。獾会组成松散的家庭，因此可排除D。
" B 第四段讲了雄性獾的特征，它们能在短时间内行进很长的距离，因此B正确。它们乐意同其他雄性獾分享领地，因此C错误。文中并没有提到它们在好斗性方面同雌性獾的区别，因此排除D。
45　A　由最后一段第一句“As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals' curiosity - or their sudden aggression”可知，獾在习惯人的存在之后兴趣就不那么浓厚了。

第5部分：补全短文
46　D　句子前面讲述甘蔗的发展，后面讲的是糖的情况，因此这里选D合适，D中的“this particular commercial species'，也与前文呼应。
47　F　前文讲对糖的需求越来越高，后文讲许多植株枯死了，因此所缺的句子应该是转折的句子，F符合条件。
48　A　前文讲到科学家想通过实验培育出更强壮的甘蔗品种，后面讲这有可能为这一产业带来高额利润，因此所缺句子应该是讲科学家培育出了新品种。
49　B　后文讲巴西是世界白糖生产大国，它参与一个国际项目，研究甘蔗的基因结构。B项讲的是科学家正在分析甘蔗的基因序列，符合题意。
50　C　前文讲到我们现在还没完全了解甘蔗的基因，后文提到this gene，是特指前文中的一种主要基因，C选项中提到科学家找出了一种主要基因，与题意相符。

第6部分：完形填空
51　B　上文提到秃鹰的数量减少可以推断本句要表达秃鹰数量的剧烈减少引发的问题。A是 “增加”，B是“减少”，C是“威胁”，D是“风险”。所以答案是B。
52　A　本句想要表达秃鹰数量的剧烈减少对生活在同一个地区人们的影响。A是“一样的，同样的”，B是“小的”，C是“不同的”，D是“安全的”。所以答案是A。
53　A　本题考查的是介词的词义。A是“横贯，横穿”，B是“在……之上”，C是“伴随以，在……旁边，在……之中”，D是“通过，穿过”。A强调覆盖一个地方的每一个部分，而D强调的是从一个地方穿过到另一个地方。本句的意思是“它也引起了整个印度次大陆的公共健康问题”。所以答案是A。
54　C　本题考查的是副词的词义。A是“很少”，B是“最近”，C是“长期地，始终”，D是“很少，不常”。本句要表达的意思是“长期以来，秃鹰在保持全印度的城镇、村庄干净方，起着重要作用”。所以答案是C。
55　B　根据下文秃鹰吃死掉的母牛可知，秃鹰是在保持城镇的清洁。A是“危险的”，B是“干净的，清洁的”，C是“有臭味的”，D是“漂亮的”。所以答案是B。
56　D　本题是对副词的考查。A是“立即，马上”，B是“偶尔”，C是“几乎不，刚刚”，D是“传统地，惯例地”。本句的意思是“在印度，母牛是神圣的动物，按照惯例，每年有成千上万的死牛被留在户外”。所以答案是D。
57　C　本题考查的是短语的用法。A是“担任，作为”，B是“来自”，C是“导致”，D是“减速，放慢速度”。本句要表达的意思是“秃鹰的消失导致吃死牛的野狗的数量激增”。所以答案是C。
58　D　上文已提到秃鹰食用死掉的动物，根据本句中“剩余的这些动物”可以猜测是剩余的这些死掉的动物。A是“奇怪的”，B是“野生的”，C是“濒临灭绝的”，D项是“死掉的”。所以答案是D。
59　A　根据主句“这种令人恐惧的疾病最终会影响这个地区的人类”，而从句是“野狗是这种疾病的主要载体工具”可以判断出主从句是因果关系。A是“因为”，B是“当……时”，C 是“所以”，D是“然而”，所以答案是A。
60　B　本题考查的是动词词义。A是“提高，提升”，B是“引起”，C是“预测”，D是“发现”，本句的意思是“狂犬病也能传播到其他动物中去，在将来引起更大的问题”。所以答案是B。
61　C　本题考查形容词词义。本句要表达的意思是“采取行动的需求很紧迫”。A是“频繁的”，B是“定期的，有规律的”，C是“急迫的，紧急的”，D是“突然的”。所以答案是C。
62　D　本题考查的是动词词义辨析。本句的意思是“科学家试图找出引起秃鹰死亡的疾病”。A是“证明”，B是“测试，试验”，C是“检查，核对”，D是“识别，鉴定”。所以答案是D。
63　C　根据上文都是在讲秃鹰的减少、消失，后文提到秃鹰的三个种群已经消失可以判断此处也是在讲秃鹰的死亡。A是“受伤”，B是“到达”，C是“死亡”，D是“攻击，袭击”。所以答案是C。
64　A　本题考查搭配。本句的意思是有三种秃鹰的数量减少了90％多。A项decline by表示减少了……B、C、D均无此用法。
65　B　本题考查动词的用法。本句的意思是“由于大多数秃鹰只下一个蛋并且要长五年才成熟，所以要想扭转它们数量下降的趋势是一项长期而艰巨的任务”。A是“浪费”，B是“花费（时间）”，C是“消耗”，D是“采取，采纳”。所以答案是B。