词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A．arrangement B．color C．size D．function
2．Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded.
A．offer B．provide C．fund D．modernize
3．He has been granted asylum in France.
A．power B．relief C．protection D．license
4．Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.
A．teach B．help C．discourage D．attract
5．Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality.
A．success B．evidence C．description D．plan
6．Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A．slightly B．completely C．partly D．faintly
7．The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
A．big B．long C．empty D．new
8．We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.
A．overtook B．passed C．hit D．found
9．When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a peep.
A．chance B．look C．visit D．try
10．She moves from one exotic location to another.
A．familiar B．similar C．proper D．unusual
11．He was weary of the constant battle between them.
A．fond B．proud C．afraid D．tired
12．The photographs evoked strong memories of our holiday in France.
A．stored B．refreshed C．blocked D．erased
13．New born babies can discriminate between a man’s and a woman’s voice.
A．distinguish B．treat C．express D．analyze
14．He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.
A．ease B．control C．experience D．suffer
15．The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountain fifty miles away.
A．fresh B．hot C．heavy D．windy
阅读判断
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

In Sports, Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout.
“Where there was a large point difference—presumably because one contestant was far superior to the other—color had no effect on the outcome,” Barton said. “Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.”
In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrow’s issue of the journal Nature.
Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that “the idea of the study is very clever.”
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates—“red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testos­terone levels,” Barton said.
For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds’ dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that “there might be a similar effect in hu­mans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests. ”
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans’ response to color.
Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. “As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we’re scared. These are very important signals to other individuals,” she said
The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports—“though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least,” Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red’s advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
“That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case,” Barton said.
Meanwhile, Setchell noted—tongue-in-cheek—that a red advantage may not be limited to sports. “Going by the recent [U.S.] election results, red is indeed quite successful,” she said.
16．Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
How Technology Pushes Down Price
1　Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.
2　Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.
3　Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33, 000 to 245, 000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 percent of its 133 factories and cut 10 percent of its 55, 000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.
4　Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Good companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $ 8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.
5　Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.


23．Paragraph 1______
24．Paragraph 2 ______
25．Paragraph 3 ______
26．Paragraph 4 ______

A．Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs
B．Consumers like supermarkets
C．Technology helps reduce food prices
D．Food comes cheaper in larger portions
E．Chain stores provide better service
F．Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices



27．Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in _______
28．Some food producers have reduced ________
29．Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its _______
30．Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got ________

A．their workforce
B．huge portions
C．large quantities
D．their money
E．a good barging
F．minor brands


阅读理解1
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 DNA testing
DNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth century scientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a person’s genes and are passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for each part and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of which can be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA were understood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recently been able to identify a person from just a drop of blood or a single hair.
One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killing a young woman in the English countryside. Because police had found samples of the killer’s DNA at the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNA to some from the confessor’s blood. To everyone’s surprise, the tests showed that he was not the killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At that point he admitted that he had confessed to the crimes out of fear and police pressure. The police then asked 5, 000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed that one of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free.
In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not- for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men, many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U. S. judges and juries are often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups are more likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form of punishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty (as of 2006). For most of these prisoners, their only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence.
Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisoners had been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, the goal of the Innocence Project is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. They also hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system.
Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. They began investigating some Illinois prisoners who claimed to be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these men were set free, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out death sentences until further study could be made of the prisoners’ cases.
The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear that governments will one day keep records of everyone’s DNA, which could put limits on the privacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistrust the science of DNA testing and think that lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.
31．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．DNA testing has changed the American legal system.
B．DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.
C．DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.
D．DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.
32．DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by __________.
A．a lawyer in New York
B．students in Illinois
C．doctors in the United States
D．police in Great Britain
33．The Innocence Project uses DNA testing to __________.
A．set free innocent prisoner
B．help the police put people in prison
C．find out which lawyer are incompetent
D．prove that suspects are guilty
34．Some students in Northwestern University __________.
A．proved some prisoners were not guilty
B．believed some suspects were from ethnic groups
C．told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisoners
D．showed DNA testing was not always reliable
35．What is the author’s attitude toward DNA testing?
A．Negative.
B．Positive.
C．Suspicious.
D．Indifferent.

第二篇 Going Her Own Way
When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria—or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.
Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the “classical” schools and the “technical” schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.
Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting. Most people—including Maria’s father—believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.
Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father’s approval. She finally did, with her mother’s help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria’s father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her.
In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti” in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.
36．Maria wanted to attend a __________.
A．private “finishing” school
B．school with Latin and Greek
C．technical high school
D．school for art and music
37．In those days, most Italian girls__________.
A．went to classical schools
B．went to "finishing” schools
C．did not go to high school
D．went to technical schools
38．Maria’s father probably__________.
A．had very modern views about women
B．had very traditional views about women
C．had no opinion about women
D．thought women could not learn Latin
39．High school teachers in Italy in those days were __________.
A．very modern
B．very intelligent
C．quite scientific
D．quite strict
40．We can infer from this passage that__________.
A．girls usually attended private primary schools
B．only girls attended classical schools
C．girls did not like going to school
D．Maria was a girl of strong will

第三篇 Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
41．Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A．A president.
B．A Buddhist priest.
C．A general.
D．A king.
42．Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A．To make its population grow.
B．To keep it separate from the world.
C．To encourage its people to get rich.
D．To keep its tradition and customs.
43．A country shows its progress with GNP by________.
A．selling more products.
B．spending more money.
C．spending less money.
D．providing more jobs.
44．According to GNH, people are happier if they________.
A．have new technology.
B．can change their religion.
C．have a good, stable government.
D．have more money.
45．Today, many countries are________.
A．using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
B．working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
C．taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
D．trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
补全短文

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
The Mysteries of Nazca
In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified（迷惑）people for decades._________ (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.
The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.
Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1, 500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. _________ (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.
In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle（记录）of the movement of the stars and planets. _________ (48) Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space.
Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. _________ (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big.
Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. _________ (50)
A．Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
B．A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.
C．Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.
D．The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
E．Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.
F．He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.

完形填空

第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
The Old Gate
In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for ____ (51) reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious ____ (52). The Old City of London gates were all ____ (53) by the end of the 18th century. The last of London’s gates was removed a century ago, ____ (54) by a stoke of luck, it was never destroyed.
This gate is, in ____ (55) fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the ____ (56) between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar ____ (57), numbered the stones and put the gate in storage ____ (58)its design was unfashionable, and it was expensive to ____ (59) and it was blocking the traffic.
The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970s with the ____ (60) of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the _____ (61) of the nation’s architectural heritage.
Transporting the gate will ____ (62) physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St. Paul’s Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be _____ (63), though there is a good ____ (64) that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest _____ (65) of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.
51．A．sensitive B．defensive C．offensive D．primitive
52．A．diseases B．injuries C．symptoms D．colds
53．A．devoted B．declared C．decreased D．demolished
54．A．for B．or C．but D．none
55．A．real B．actual C．usual D．current
56．A．pare B．limit C．lines D．borders
57．A．along B．down C．up D．away
58．A．while B．where C．that D．because
59．A．discover B．repair C．fix D．maintain
60．A．opinion B．project C．intention D．design
61．A．conversion B．preservation C．reservation D．registration
62．A．mean B．stop C．keep D．continue
63．A．stored B．exchange C．replaced D．recognized
64．A．chance B．fate C．lesson D．idea
65．A．case B．voice C．job D．type

参考答案
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（综合类A级）
1 A 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 C
6 B 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 D
11 D 12 B 13 A 14 A 15 A
16 A 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 C
21 A 22 C 23 C 24 F 25 A
26 D 27 C 28 A 29 F 30 E
31 D 32 D 33 A 34 A 35 B
36 C 37 C 38 B 39 D 40 D
41 D 42 D 43 A 44 C 45 D
46 E 47 B 48 F 49 D 50 A
51 B 52 A 53 D 54 B 55 B
56 D 57 B 58 D 59 D 60 C
61 B 62 A 63 C 64 A 65 C
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。
答案解析
2012年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（综合类A级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．A　题意：这个建筑物的套间布局都完全相同。
句子中layout的意思是布局，布罝。A中arrangement的意思是安排，布局；例句：The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble.这些家具摆放得悦目而和谐。B中color的意思是颜色，色彩；例句：Pink is her favorite color.粉红色是她最喜欢的颜色。C中size的意思是大小，尺寸；例句：What size of collar is this shirt?这衬衣领子的尺寸是多少？D中function的意思是功能，作用；例句：The teacher did not explain its grammatical function.老师没有解释它的文法功能。故选A。
2．D　题意：我们的目标是更新健康服务，我们做到了。
句子中update的意思是更新。A中offer的意思是提供，给予；例句：China is a fascinating country. It has a lot to offer the world.中国是个迷人的国家，她对世界的贡献是巨大的。B中provide的意思是提供，供给；例句：We have to provide for possible accidents.我们要为可能发生的意外作些准备。C中fund的意思是提供资金；例句：1 regret to say we cannot see our way clear to fund the project.我很抱歉，我们无意为此项工程提供资金。D中modernize的意思是使现代化；例句：If the industry doesn’t modernize it will not survive.该制造业若不现代化就不能继续存在。故选D。
3．C　题意：他被允许在法国避难。
句子中asylum的意思是庇护，政治避难。A中power的意思是动力，力量，政权；例句：Such things aren’t within the compass of my power.这些事不在我力所能及的范围之内。B中relief的意思是宽慰，免除，救援物资；例句：What a relief! 真叫人宽慰！C中protection的意思是保护；例句：She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light.她戴上墨镜以防强光的照射。D中license的意思是许可证，执照；例句：His license was suspended for six months.他的执照被吊销6个月。故选C。
4．D　题意：什么也不能引诱我再给他投一次票了。
句子中induce的意思是引诱。A中teach的意思是教，训练；例句：His parents employed a tutor to teach him Greek.他父母雇佣了一位家庭教师来教他希腊语。B中help的意思是帮助；例句：I’ll do everything possible to help you.我会尽一切可能帮助你。C中discourage的意思是使气馁，使沮丧；例句：I was never discouraged against learning English.我从未对学习英语失去信心。D中attract的意思是吸引，诱惑；例句：The government is trying to attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.政府正在试图吸引更多资金投资到造船业方面来。故选D。
5．C　题意：每周杂志都会刊登一名体育明星的个人简介。
句子中profile的意思是个人简介。A中success的意思是成功，成就；例句：His new book was a great success.他的新书获得了巨大的成功。B中evidence的意思是证词，证据；例句：There wasn’t enough evidence to prove his guilt.没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。C中description的意思是描述，形容；例句：The scenery is beautiful beyond descriptions.那风景美丽得难以形容。D中plan的意思是计划；打算，平面图；例句：Her plan is merely a castle in the sky.她的方案简直是天方夜谭。故选C。
6．B　题意：她关于男人的评论真是一派胡言。
句子中utterly的意思是完全地，彻底地。A中slightly的意思是轻微地;例句：He is slightly drunk.他有些醉了。B中completely的意思是完整地，彻底地；例句：A mosquito netting completely surrounds our bed.一顶蚊帐把我们的床完全围住了。C中partly的意思是部分地，不完全地；例句：Their energy is partly dissipated.它们的能量被部分地消耗掉。D中faintly的意思是微弱地，隐约地；例句：She can then mark faintly in pencil an aim line.然后她可以用铅笔淡淡地标出一条瞄准线。故选B。
7．C　题意：这面墙是空心砖搭建的。
句子中hollow的意思是空的，空洞的。A中big的意思是大的；例句：Don’t cry, you are a big boy now.别哭，你现在已经是大男孩了。B中long的意思是长的；例句：She bought some roses with long stems.她买了一些枝干很长的玫瑰花。C中empty的意思是空的；例句：The old empty house soon went to rack and ruin.这所旧的空房子很快就毁坏了。D中new的意思是新的；例句：She is new to this country.她对这个国家还不熟悉。故选C。
8．C　题意：我们差点撞上前面一辆没有打信号灯的劳斯莱斯。
句子中run into的意思是碰撞。A中overtook的意思是追上，赶上；例句：The car accelerated as it overtook me.那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。B中passed的意思是通过，经过；例句：1 passed the store on my way to the library.我在去图书馆的路上经过了那家商店。C中hit的意思是打击，碰撞；例句：She hits at him.她朝他打去。D中found的意思是发现。例句：I think I’m lost; I can’t find the bridge.我想我是迷路了，我找不到那座桥了。故选C。
9. B　题意：当我听到隔壁的响声的时候，忍不住要偷看几眼。
句子中peep的意思是窥视，偷看。A中chance的意思是机会，机遇；例句：I never miss a chance of playing football.我从不错过踢足球的机会。B中look的意思是看，瞧；例句：Let’s have a look at your electronic computer.让我们瞧一瞧你们的电子计算机。C中visit的意思是访问，探望；例句：News of the Queen’s visit set the whole town astir.女王到访的消息轰动全城。D中try的意思是尝试，试验，努力。例句：It’s worth a try.这值得一试。故选B。
10．D　题意：她在异国他乡辗转。
句子中exotic的意思是异国的，奇异的。A中familiar的意思是熟悉的；例句：This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.我对这首摇篮曲很熟悉。B中similar的意思是类似的；例句：He talked about it in a similar way.他对此事有相似的说法。C中proper的意思是适当的；例句：The company does not take proper fire precaution.公司未采取正当的防火措施。D中unusual的意思是不常见的，独特的；例句：Something unusual was about to happen.某种不寻常的事正要发生。故选D。
11．D　题意：他厌倦了他们之间没完没了的斗争。
句子中be weary of的意思是厌倦的。A中be fond of的意思是喜欢；例句：The boy is fond of acting up with him.这男孩喜欢和他一同捣蛋。B中be proud of的意思是感到自豪；例句：We all have much to be proud of.我们都有很多值得自豪的东西。C中be afraid of的意思是感到害怕；例句：There is nothing to be afraid of.没有什么可怕的。D中be tired of的意思是讨厌，厌倦；例句：You may be tired of working for someone else.你可能厌倦了为别人工作。故选D。
12．B　题意：这些照片勾起了我们对法国度假的强烈回忆。
句子中evoked的意思是引起，唤起。A中stored的意思是储存；例句：The barn can store five tons of grain.这个谷仓能放五吨粮食。B中refreshed的意思是使恢复，使振作；例句：Please refresh my memory as to where we have met before.请提示一下，以前我们在什么地方见过。C中blocked的意思是堵塞，阻碍；例句：Hundreds of policemen were summoning up to block the main roads.几百名警察集合起来，阻住了主干道。D中erased的意思是擦掉，抹去；例句：You can erase pencil marks with a rubber.你可以用橡皮擦掉铅笔记号。故选B。
13．A　题意：新生儿能区分男人和女人的声音。
句子中discriminate的意思是区别，辨出。A中distinguish的意思是区分，辨别；例句：It’s important to distinguish fact from fiction。把现实与虚构区分开来是很重要的。B中treat的意思是款待，招待，对待；例句：We should treat people and animals with humanity.我们应该仁慈地对待人和动物。C中express的意思是表达，快递；例句：He is still unable to express himself in English.他仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思。D中analyze的意思是分析，解释；例句：They will take the problem apart and analyze it.他们会深入剖析这个问题。故选A。
14．A　题意：他稍微换了个姿势，以减轻腿部的疼痛。
句子中alleviate的意思是减轻，缓和。A中ease的意思是缓解，减少；例句：The pain began to ease up after she was given a sedative.给她吃了一片镇痛药后，她的疼痛开始减轻。B中control的意思是控制，管理；例句：He has little control over his emotions.他控制不住自己的感情。C中experience的意思是经验，体验；例句：You didn’t experience that，so you don’t know where the shoe pinches.你没有亲身经历过，所以你不知道困难在什么地方。D中suffer的意思是受痛苦。例句：Ah! You do not know what I suffer.啊！你不知道我怎样受苦呢！故选A。
15．A　题意：空气清新，50里以外的山峦都能看到。
句子中crisp的意思是新鲜的。A中fresh的意思是新鲜的，新的；例句：Open the window and let in some fresh air.打开窗户，让新鲜的空气进来。B中hot的意思是热的；例句：A bowl of hot chicken soup is good for you.喝一碗热鸡汤对你有好处。C中heavy的意思是重的；例句：A rainbow is usually seen after a heavy rain.大雨之后常有彩虹。D中windy的意思是有风的。例句：In spring, it’s warm, sunny and windy.春天是一个温暖、多日照和多风的季节。故选A。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．A　题意：希尔和巴顿都想知道，颜色是否会影响体育比赛的结果。
文章第二段British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached the conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing…中the outcomes回应上文第一段提到的“the team dressed in red is more likely to win”，由此可判断题干叙述正确。故本题选A。
17．A　题意：希尔和巴顿都对灵长目感兴趣。
根据文章第八段第一句Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates可知，题干叙述正确，故本题选A。
18．B　题意：公山魈用黄色吸引母山魈。
根据文章第六段最后一句Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating可知，红色使雄性在求偶时更占优势，所以题干叙述错误，故本题选B。
19．B　题意：红色对斑胸草雀不见效。
根据文章第九段最后一句Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds dominance.可知，放在斑胸草雀腿上的红色塑料环能够增强其优势，所以题干叙述错误，故本题选B。
20．C　题意：红色塑料环永久地留在雀身上了。
对此文章没有提及。所以本题选C。
21．A　题意：希尔和巴顿相信运动员穿红色衣服容易赢。
根据文章第一段When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study和第四段最后一句Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance可知，题干叙述正确，故本题选A。
22．C　题意：很多运动员反对运动服的新规则。
文章涉及到regulations on sports uniforms只有倒数第三段第一句He adds that the finding of red’s advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire，由此句可知这项研究结果将给运动服的相关规则带来些启示，但并没有提及运动员对新规则有什么反应，故本题选C。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．C　文章第一段第一句Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology点明本段主旨为食品生产和营销技术的不断进步，使得食品价格降低。故C项“科技助力食品降价”正确，故本题选C。
24．F　文章第二段围绕Supermarkets have helped push down prices这一主旨展开论述，所以F项“大超市的价格更低”作为本段标题合适，故本题选F。
25．A　文章第三段开头第一句Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins就表明各大零售商为了提供低价商品，通过向生产商加压而降低成本，所以A项“大零售商促使生产商减低成本”正确。故本题选A。
26．D　文章第四段主要讲消费者觉得大包装的食品更便宜，而销售商也通过售卖大包装的食品赚到了更多的钱，所以D项“大包装的食品更便宜”正确。故本题选D。
27．C　题意：大超市供应的食品价格较低，因为它们可以……买。
根据文章第二段倒数第二句And their size allows them to buy in bulk可知，大型超市可大批量进货，这使得零售价降低，in bulk与in large quantities为同义转换，故本题选C。
28．A　题意：有些食品生产商减少了……。
根据文章第三段第三句…In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33, 000 to 245, 000…可得知联合利华为了降低成本进行了裁员。故本题选A。
29．F　题意：除了降低成本，联合利华也放弃了……。
根据文章第三段第三句后半句…dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its“path to growth”strategy可知，联合利华为了实现增长战略放弃了其旗下的一些小品牌。故本题选F。
30．E　题意：顾客喜欢大份额的食物因为他们认为他们……。
根据文章第四段第四句Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal可知顾客认为大份额的食物包装更划算，a good bargain与a better deal为同义转换，故本题选E。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．D　题意：本文的大意是什么？
通读全文，主要讲述根据DNA在刑侦中举足轻重。文章最后一段最后几句为相应的表述：But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free man，DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing，no innocent person should ever be convicted again，故本题选D。
32．D　题意：DNA测试是被谁首次用于刑事案件的？
根据文章第二段第二句The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain可知，第一次将DNA测试用于刑侦是在英国，故本题选D。
33．A　题意：“清白项目”利用DNA测试做了什么？
根据文章第三段第一、二句In 1992，two law professors, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoner...created an organization called the innocence project可知，两位法学教授设立这一项目是为了帮助那么被错判的犯人，还他们以清白，故本题选A。
34．A　题意：西北大学的一些学生做了什么？
根据文章第五段第三句Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of可知，学生们利用DNA测试证明了一些囚犯是无罪的，故本题选A。
35．B　题意：作者对DNA测试的态度如何？
根据文章最后一句And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again可知作者对DNA测试的态度是支持的，故本题选B。
第二篇
36．C　题意：玛丽亚想上……。
根据文章第三段第一句Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school可知，玛利亚希望上技术高中。故本题选C。
37．C　题意：在当时，很多意大利女孩……。
根据文章第一段第三句Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools可知，很多意大利女孩初中毕业后不选择上高中，故本题选C。
38．B　题意：玛丽亚的父亲很可能……。
根据文章第三段倒数第二句Most people—including Maria’s father—believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects和第四段最后一句Maria’s father continued to oppose her plans可知，玛利亚的父亲也和大多数人一样，持传统观点。故本题选B。
39．D　题意：那时的意大利高中老师很……。
根据文章第五段最后一句Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient可知，当时的教师是非常严厉的。故本题选D。
40．D　题意：我们可以从文中得出……的结论。
通篇可见，玛利亚不顾世俗与家人的意见，坚持做自己的选择。因此可推断玛利亚是个有坚强意志的女孩。故本题选D。
第三篇
41．D　题意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁？
根据文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的国王。故选D。
42．D　题意：除了使不丹现代化，Wangchuck还希望为不丹做什么？
根据文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions,说明Wangchuck不希望不丹丢掉其传统，而第三段第三句They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也说明Wangchuck推行的GNH(国民幸福总值)政策中，如果能保持传统文化和风俗则国民会更幸福。故选D。
43．A　题意：一个国家进步在GNP中体现为……。
根据文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金钱来衡量，卖出的商品越多，国家似乎越进步。故选A。
44．C　题意：根据GNH，人民若……会更幸福。
文章第三段集中讲述GNH,人们更幸福包括they have health care，education, and jobs； they live in a healthy, protected environment; they can keep their traditional culture and customs; they have a good, stable government。由此可知C项正确。
35．D　题意：现在，很多国家……。
根据文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多国家用自己的方式去衡量幸福，故选D。
第5部分：补全短文
46．E　句意：从地面上，它像是地球背上的划痕。
本处后一句But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth描述的是从空中看“纳斯卡线”的情景，but表示转折。而E项的内容说明的是从地面上看“纳斯卡线”的情景，两句话正好形成对照，且文意非常通顺，所以本题选E。
47．B　句意：瑞士作家艾里希·冯·达尼肯写道：“纳斯卡线被设计作为UFO的降落地点。”
本处后一句However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys有关键词land a spaceship，而与B项内容的landing place for UFOs形成呼应，所以本题选B。
48．F　句意：他称纳斯卡为“世界上最大的天文书”。
本处前一句In the 1940s，an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle of the movement of the stars and planets说明Paul Kosok认为纳斯卡线是星与星球运转的记录，而本处后一句Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer讲述有天文学家验证他的理论。本处上下文都在讲Paul Kosok的观点，而将F项内容补入后，前后文意清晰，所以本题选F。
49．D　句意：最大的图块可能曾是某些特别仪式的地点。
本段第一句…the lines may have been made for religious reasons说明纳斯卡线可能与宗教有关系，而下一句Tony Morrison investigated…and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road讲述Tony Morrison发现当地人都在路边祈祷的习俗，D项的关键词ceremonies与religious reasons与pray呼应，所以本题选D。
50．A　句意：其他科学家如今正搜寻证据来证明这个说法。
最后一段围绕着David Johnson和Steve Mabee两位科学家的观点展开论述，而A项的内容而说明其他科学家对这二人观点的态度是他们在找证据来支持这个观点。故本题选A。
第6部分：完形填空
51．B　此处意为：这一部分是由于……的原因
从常识上可知，建筑城墙一般是由于抵抗外敌。题目所给四个选项中，A项sensitive“敏感的”；B项defensive“防御用的”；C项offensive“进攻（性）的”；D项primitive“原始的，落后的”，可见B项比较符合常识和句意，其他三项都不适合。故本题选B。
52．A　此处意为：患有传染性……的人
前文keep out anyone regarded as undesirable，本处为前文所举的一个例子，四个选项A项diseases “疾病”； B项injuries“伤害，损害”；C项symptoms“症状”；D项colds“感冒”中，从汉语角度，传染性后面接A项“疾病”和D项“感冒”都可以，但在英语中，一般用flu表示流行性感冒，并且此处用diseases含义更为广泛。故本题选A。
53．D　句意：伦敦旧城所有的门到18世纪末都被……了。
四个选项中，A项devoted“贡献，献上”；B项declared “宣告”；C项decreased“（使）缩短，减少”；D项demolished“摧毁，拆毁（尤指大建筑物）”，根据文意并与第一段最后一句it was never destroyed相呼应，显然D项正确。故本题选D。
54．B　此句上半句说最后一道城门被移除，后半句说没有被摧毁，可见两句是转折关系。四个选项中but符合文意。故本题选B。
55．B　in fact和in actual fact以及actually都是“事实上，实际上”的意思。若在in和fact中加入其它选项，从语法上是错误的。故本题选B。
56．D　本题所选单词由短语“伦敦旧城和成斯敏斯特之间的”修饰，两个城市之间的肯定是边界了，所以只有D项合适。故本题选D。
57．B　此处意为：1878年伦敦地方会议将圣殿门……，将石块标编号，然后保存起来。从后文看此处圣殿门是被拆除了，所以此处只能选down。take down意为“拆卸，拿下，记下”；take along意为“随身带着”；take up意为“占有”；take away意为“拿走”。故本题选B。
58．D　此处前面两句为因果关系，意为由于设计不时尚，保存成本高及阻碍交通所以伦敦地方会议将圣殿门拆除，所以应填入表因果关系的词，故本题选D。
59．D　前文已经说到圣殿门被拆除，后文提到它阻碍交通，所以B项repair“修理，修复”,C项fix “修理，安装"都不符合句意。A项discover“发现”更不符合文意。只有D项“保存”合适，故本题选D。
60．C　此处意为：1970年圣殿门信托的创立是为了还原拱门。可见此处要填的单词是表目的性质的。A项opinion“意见，主张”；B项project“计划，工程，事业”；C项intention“意图，目的”；D项design“设计”。只有C项合适，故本题选C。
61．B　此处意为：信托的目的是为了……国家建筑遗产。A项conversion“变换，转变”；B项preservation“保存，保护”；C项reservation“预约”；D项registration“登记，注册”。preservation和reservation都有保留的意思，但二者的用法完全不一样。preservation侧重将物品完好无损的保存下来，如the preservation of our culture heritage；reservation则侧重于为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存和保留，如a dinner reservation，故本题选B。
62．A　此处意为：移门……将一块石头一块石头地拆下来，再重建，所以应选A项mean “意味着”。其他选项B项stop“停止”，C项keep“保存，保持”，D项continue“继续”都不符合语境。故本题选A。
63．C　though是表转折的词汇，此处意为：尽管基本的结构很好，不过门的表面很可能会被……。只有C项replaced符合句意。故本题选C。
64．A　四个选项为A项chance“机会”，B项fate“命运”，C项lesson“课程，教训”，D项idea “想法”，fate是不可数名词，从语法上就可直接排除B项，而C项和D项不符合文意。只有A项合适，意为“尽管很可能基本结构很好”，故本题选A。
65．C　此处意为：所有……中最难的，应该是重塑站在门上的君主的雕像。四个选项为A项case“情况，事件”，B项voice“声音”，C项job“工作”，D项type“类型，品种”，根据文意，只有C项合适，故本题选C。