But when mankind increased in number, craft, and ambition, it became necessary to entertain conceptions of a more permanent dominion;

但是，随着人类在数量、心机和野心上的增长，抱有追求更长久的统治权这一观念成为必然。

and to appropriate to individuals not the immediate use only, but the very substance of the thing to be used.

个体挪用的不只是使用权，而是对一件事物整个实质内容的使用。

Otherwise, innumerable tumults must have arisen, and the good order of the world been continually broken and disturbed,

不然的话，由此会引起难以计数的纷争，世界业已形成的良好秩序持续遭到破坏和干扰，

while a variety of persons were striving who should get the first occupation of the same thing,

各色人等都会争取最先占用同一样东西，

or disputing which of them had actually gained it. As human life also grew more and more refined,

或者为他们当中谁应该最终得到这件东西争执不下。随着人类生活越来越完善，

abundance of conveniences were devised to render it more easy, commodious, and agreeable;

便利性的丰富使得生活变得更加简单、舒适和满意。

as habitations for shelter and safety, and raiment for warmth and decency.

随着人们居有定所，安全性逐渐增加，服饰业更加保暖和讲究。

But no man would be at the trouble to provide either, so long as he had only a usufructuary property in them,

但是，没有谁不愿意提供这些，只要他对这些财产仅仅拥有用益权，

which was to cease the instant that he quitted possession; if, as soon as he walked out of his tent or pulled off his garment,

一旦他停止拥有，用益权也随之中止。他一走出自己的帐篷或者脱下他的衣服，

the next stranger who came by would have a right to inhabit the one and to wear the other.

从旁边经过的陌生人就有权住进这个帐篷，并将别人的衣服穿在身上。

In the case of habitations, in particular, it was natural to observe that even the brute creation,

至于居民，尤其是人们很自然地注意到，即使是野蛮人，

to whom everything else was in common, maintained a kind of permanent property in their dwellings,

对他而言其他的一切都是共有的，他们的住所是一种持久的财产，

especially for the protection of their young; that the birds of the air had nests, and the beasts of the fields had caverns,

尤其是予以保护以便后代享用。在空中翱翔的鸟儿有巢，田野上跑的走兽有穴，

the invasion of which they esteemed a very flagrant injustice, and would sacrifice their lives to preserve them.

它们把入侵巢穴视为一种公然的不公正。为此牺牲生命誓死捍卫也在所不惜。