2019年英语专业八级真题听力 Mini-lecture(2)
日期:2019-09-04 13:16

(单词翻译:单击)

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I also notice another interesting thing about this.
关于这一点,我还发现了另一个有趣的现象+^mzZ%_rOF5o#sXn
It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men.
女性似乎比男性更有可能做出这种动作LeLU3Vg=9Kq0Kn~
I mean women are more likely to make themselves small.
我的意思是,女性更有可能让自己变小O(1DfOjJ].!mz=hd
Women feel chronically less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.
女性总感觉自己的力量比男性弱,因此这并不令人惊讶B&8fQGc.0%k![fTVVv4g
The second question concerns our minds.
第二个问题是关于我们的意识S&B_.RG13]!8UMp)Aa]S
We know that our minds change our bodies.
我们知道,我们的意识会改变我们的身体[p1Oez.h!a
But is it also true that our bodies change our minds?
但我们的身体也可以改变我们的意识吗?
And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean?
当我说到意识的时候,以强大的力量为例,这是什么意思呢?
I'm talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings,
我在说想法和感觉,以及组成我们想法和感觉的生理上的东西,
and in my case, that's hormones.
就这件事而言,是指激素Bgc8neaN[G=~y
I look at hormones.
我来讲讲激素yLU=&CC&=JKXf(zd
So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like?
那么,强大的人的意识与无力的人的意识看起来是怎样的呢?
Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic.
毫无疑问,强大的人往往更加坚定、自信而乐观Si81~klp*WDr1NV6r!
They actually feel that they're going to win even at games of chance.
事实上,他们感觉自己会胜利,即使在博弈中也会如此^W)91^uKwoi&v
They also tend to be able to think more abstractly.
他们往往还具有抽象思维tI63#zRlh][p
They take more risks.
他们会冒更多的险Nsa|Y_Bn%q
So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people.
因此,强大和无力的人有许多不同之处bSCj7N]@5px+9zj
Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress hormone.
从生理上来说,在两种关键激素中有许多不同:一个是主导性激素,另一种是皮质醇_GI3=d)tqcgT4kn%~N
What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone.
我们发现,强大且有效率的领导含主导性激素较高,而含皮质醇较低F~ySsjZauP0YQ5~pCPA
What does that mean?
这意味着什么呢?
That means power is also about how you react to stress.
这意味着,力量还与你如何应对压力有关^Vq^kW)#f[Of*qxNBS
Once we did an experiment.
我们做过一个实验uh0FpSWWf%^P#XYM+,gm
We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment.
我们决定带一些人走进实验室做个小实验L,P)]7%c1*Eof
These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses.
这些人有的摆出强有力的姿势,有的摆出无力的姿势,时长都是2分钟#S|Y0lbE57U&1TJS
We, for two minutes, say, "You need to do this or this."
“你需要摆出这个姿势或这个姿势ZslgGgR6op8&。”这句话我们说了2分钟=sq36XrLC[i
And we also want them to be feeling power.
我们还想让他们感受到力量WfhpKJPSiZHXh+
So after two minutes we will ask them "How powerful do you feel?" on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble.
因此,2分钟后,我们会就一系列的事项问他们:“你们感觉有多少力量?”,然后我们给他们一个赌博的机会J0D=64;Ke-8zmUG%3l
Before and after the experiment, we take their samples of saliva for a hormone test.
实验前后,我们取他们的唾液样本进行激素试验L6IMK6uiFan6O=H)Ew
That's the whole experiment.
这就是整个实验过程sgx+20DOhN!ap6i[!mGr
And this is what we have found -- risk tolerance, which is gambling.
这就是我们发现的结果——风险承受能力,也就是赌博RvUHH59_@x.N1
What we find is that when you're in the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you will gamble.
我们发现,当你摆出强有力的姿势时,你有86%的可能性会赌博#BWv,6N;Lus9+waa
When you're in the low-power pose condition, it's down to only 60 percent, and that's a pretty significant difference.
当你摆出无力的姿势时,这个百分比会下降到仅60%,这是一个非常显著的差异kdeN5K,!1%y

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