专八改错集训营

Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a relative threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke.(1)____ That's the term being used to describe the invisible yet toxic mixture (2)____ of gas and particlesclinging to smokers' hair and (3)____clothing, not mention cushions and carpeting, that linger long after (4)____second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The reminder includes heavy metals and radioactive(5)____ materials that young children can get on their hands and ingest, especially if they're crawling or playing on the floor.
Doctors from Mass General Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to describe these chemicals in a new study that focused on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in latest issue of the journal Pediatrics.(6)____ "Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, but they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, (7)____the leaded author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. "When your kids are out of the house, they might smoke.(8)____ Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and smoke, and they think it's okay so (9)____the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their kids," Dr. Winickoff continued. "We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't invisible."(10)____

参考答案及解析

参考答案及解析:
1．relative→related词汇错误。relative作形容词时表示“相对的，比较的”，也可表示“相关的，有关系的”，但意为后者时通常不放在名词前直接修饰名词，而是后接介词to形成固定搭配。所以这里应该改成related(相美的)，直接修饰后面的名词threat。
2．gas→gases语法错误。由于上文用到了mixture一词，表示“混合物”，由此可知这里的gas应该是指“各种各样的气体”，当表示这个含义时，gas是可数名词，应该改成复数形式。
3．∧mention→to词汇错误。not to mention是固定搭配，表示“更不用说”，必须加介词协。
4. linger→lingers语法错误。本句that引导的是定语从句，修饰的先行诃是前面的mixture，故谓语动词要用单数形式lingers。本句意思是“房间内的二手烟清除许久之后，仍有看不见的气体和颗粒的有毒混合物残留在座垫、地毯或吸烟者的头发和衣物上。”
5．reminder→remainder词汇错误。reminder表示“令人回忆的东西，提醒物”，在这里与上下文不符。前文提到仍有看不见的有毒混合物残留在房间内，这里继续谈到残留物包含的物质，如重金属，辐射物质等。所以此处应改为reminder的易混词remainder，表示”剩余物，残余部分”。
6．∧latest→the词汇错误。latest表示“最新的”，本句话的意思是“研究结果发表于最新一期的《小儿科》医学期刊”，这里最新一期的期刊是特指，故需要加上定冠词the。
7．leaded→lead词汇错误。leaded作形容词时，表示“加铅的，镀铅的”，而后面修饰的名词是author，语义搭配上不恰当。lead作名词可以表示“主角，领舞”，在这里与author形成固定用法。表示”第一作者”。
8．your→their语法错误。全文从来使用第二人称进行表述，从下文they might smoke可知，此处的小孩也是指那些抽烟者的小孩，故将物主代词改为their。
9．so→because语篇错误。so的前半部分提到“许多父母认为只要把菘子放在后座上，打开车窗，这样抽烟就没有问题”，后面提到“小孩没吸到二手烟”，从句子之间的逻辑关系来判断，本句的因果关系颠倒了，是前果后园，故将so改成because。
10．invisible→visible或aren't→are语篇错误。本句使用了双重否定+则原句表肯定的含义，即我们需要一个术语来描述这些看得见的香烟毒素。而这与第一段对“三手烟”的定义明显相悖，“所谓三手烟是指房间内的二手烟清除许久之后，仍残留在座垫、地毡或吸烟者头发和衣物上看不见的气体和颗粒的有章混台物。”这些有毒气体本身是“看不见”的，所以本句在意恩上应该表示否定。

文章大意
本文讨论的是三手烟的危害。三手烟指的是房间里烟味消逝很久之后，吸烟者头发和衣物上仍携带着的看不见但有毒的气体和颗粒，这些包括重金属和放射性物质在内的残余物，沾满了婴幼儿的双手甚至被他们吸收到体内。每个人都知道二手烟有害，但是他们并不知道三手烟的危害性。