专八改错集训营

It is convenient to distinguish between nonverbal and verbal communication, just as is to distinguish between decoding (1)____and encoding processes, but such distinctions can be misled. (2)____ COMMUNICATION is a system, simultaneously engaging in encoding and decoding processes. (3)____ In social settings, we only occasionally speak, but we cannot " not behave" To understand nonverbal communication it is necessary to appreciate the interdependence of the verbal and nonverbal components of simultaneous encoding and decoding processes. An example of this interdependence may have seen in the cognitive processes directing verbal and nonverbal behavior. (4)____ Both encoding and decoding can vary from being automatic to reflective and deliberate, (5)____ but verbal communication is typically more deliberately and cognitively demanding than nonverbal communication. (6)____ Furthermore, if we assume that there are limited cognitive resources available for encoding and decoding verbal and nonverbal components, then altering the cognitive demands on any one process can affect other processes and the course of communication.(7)____
In general, to the extent that nonverbal processes require less cognitive resources than verbal processes do, nonverbal communication is more resilient than verbal communication.(8)____ Moreover, specific interpersonal goals can make the encoding of nonverbal behavior (e.g., a difficult impression management task) and the decoding of nonverbal behavior (e.g., looking for evidence of deception) less automatic and more cognitively demanding.(9)____ Understand the dynamic relationships between encoding and decoding aspects of verbal and nonverbal behavior is a critical step in understanding the broader communicative process.(10)____

参考答案及解析

参考答案及解析:
1．∧is→it语法错误。此处as引导状语从句，表示“正如．像……一样”，与前一句进行比较，从句中缺少主语，故应该加上it作形式主语。
2．misled→misleading词汇错误。misled是mislead的过去分词，意为“误导”，从上下文语义判断，此甸不是被动语态，be在此作系动词，需要形容词作表语，故应改为misleading，意为“令人误解的”。
3．in→in词汇错误。engage in是固定搭配，意为“从事，参加”，放在此处语义不通，engage可以作及物动词，表示“占用”，故要把介词in删掉，此句的意思是“交际是一个系统，解码和编码两个过程同时存在。”
4．have→he语法错误。此句的主语example与谓语动词see是被动关系，故应该把have改为be，构成被动语态。
5．∧reflective→being语法错误。此句用了from... to结构，幻为介词，要接名词或动名词，故应该在reflective前加上being，与前面的being automatic对称。
6．deliberately→deliberate语法错误。deliberately为副词，意为“慎重地，故意地”，此处若和cognitively一起修饰demanding，则语义不通，故应该把deliberately改为形容词，和demanding并列作表语，此句的意思是“语言交际比非语言交际更加审慎和需要更高的认知能力。”
7．altering→changing词汇错误。alter意为“改变，变更”，指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动，而没有变成另一种事物；change意为“改变，变化”，使事物变稠与之前不同。此处要表达的意思是“改变任一过程认知能力的要求将会影响其他过程和交际过程。”这种改变不是表面的变动，而是变成不同的认知要求，故应该用change，符合上下文语义。
8．less→fewer词汇错误。less为little的比较级，用来修饰不可散名词，而此处接的是可数名词的复数形式resources，故应改为fewer。
9．Moreover→Nevertheless/However语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，此句与前句之间是转折美系。不是递进关系，上一句指出非语言交际要求更少的认知资源，比语盲交际适应性更强，本句则指出特定的人际交往目标可以使非语言交际行为的解码和编码过程需要更高的认知能力，前后形成对照，故应改为表转折美系的连词Nevertheless或However。
10．Understand→Understanding语法错误。此处动词 短语作主语，应该用动名词形式，故应改为Understanding。

文章大意
本文讨论的是语言交际与非语言交际的区别。区分语言交际和非语言交际就像分辨解码和编码过程一样很方便，但此类区分可能让人误解。交际是一个系统，解码和编码两个过程同时存在。在交际场合，我们只是有时说话，但是我们不能不用动作表现。为了理解非语言交际，有必要了解语言交际和非语言交际同时编码和解码过程的组成部分之间的互相依存关系。理解二者之间的动态关系是理解更广泛的交际过程关键的一步。