(单词翻译:单击)
Why Dehydration Is Common in Older Adults
为什么中老年人更易脱水?
The first, and perhaps most perplexing, cause of dehydration in older adults is a lack of thirst. During the aging process, thirst sensation naturally decreases, says Dr. Audrey Chun, vice chair of geriatric and palliative medicine outpatient services in the Mount Sinai Health System and director of Coffey Geriatrics at The Martha Stewart Center for Living at Mount Sinai Hospital.
中老年人脱水的首要原因,也许也是最令人困惑的一个原因就是:他们不会感到口渴
While the mechanisms are not clear-cut, thirst levels in adults older than 65 are commonly far lower than indicative of the body's actual fluid needs. Because of this decreased thirst sensation, many adults do not drink as much as they did in their younger days, says Dr. Sanjay Kurani, medical director of inpatient medicine at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center in San Jose, California.
虽然造成这一现象的原因尚不明确,但65岁以上老年人的口渴程度通常远低于其身体实际需要的饮水量
。由于口渴感降低,很多成年人的饮水量也开始降低,远比不上年轻时候,加利福尼亚州圣何塞市圣塔克拉拉谷医疗中心的住院医学医疗主任桑杰·库拉尼(Sanjay Kurani)博士说道 。Plus, throughout the aging process, the kidneys naturally lose some of their ability to conserve water and concentrate urine, leading to greater fluid losses through urination. A decline in muscle mass, referred to as sarcopenia, can also reduce how much water the body can store, as muscle functions as a significant holding area for water molecules. One out of three adults age 60 and older suffers from severe muscle loss, according to a 2014 review published in Age and Ageing.
此外,在整个衰老过程中,肾脏储水和浓缩尿的能力会逐渐地自然丧失,导致排尿时流失更多的水分
Age-related health conditions can further predispose older adults to dehydration. Undiagnosed or uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes can increase urination, while urinary incontinence – and resulting anxieties – can cause a reduction in fluid consumption. Reduced mobility can cut down on how often people are willing to make trips to get water and use the restroom, Kurani says. People with Alzheimer's disease or dementia are also at an increased risk of not drinking enough water, according to 2018 research published in Nutrients.
与年龄相关的健康状况可能会使中老年人更易脱水
What's more, commonly used over-the-counter and prescription medication can contribute to fluid losses as well. "Blood pressure medications such as diuretics are commonly associated with dehydration in the elderly," Kurani says. "Antihistamines and laxatives are also medications that can result in dehydration."
此外,经常服用非处方药和处方药也会导致液体流失
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