Poker, with its bluffing and guessing, was a better illustration of the von Neumann theory than chess.
扑克游戏有猜测的成分，是比国际象棋更好的例子，来展示冯·诺伊曼理论。
A game without concealment, such as chess, von Neumann called a game of 'perfect information',
没有隐藏信息的游戏，比如国际象棋，被冯·诺伊曼称为全信息游戏。
and he proved that any such game would always possess an optimal 'pure strategy'.
而且他证明，任何这类游戏，总是拥有理性的纯粹策略。
In the case of chess, this would be a complete set of rules for what to do in every contingency.
在国际象棋的中，这将是一套完整的指南，记录了在每种局面下应该怎么走。
There being far more possible chess positions than plugboard positions for the Enigma, however, the general von Neumann theory had nothing of practical value to say about the game.
国际象棋的所有局面，比谜机的配线板设定还要多得多，但冯·诺伊曼理论并没有考虑到实用价值，
It was an example of where a high-powered, abstract approach failed to be of use.
这是一种强大的抽象方法，但不能付诸应用。
Alan and Jack Good's approach was quite different in nature, being for one thing concerned not so much with a theory of the game, but with a discussion of human thought processes.
艾伦和杰克·克德的想法与此不同，艾伦不关心博弈论，他关心的是人类思维的原理。
In their analysis it first had to be assumed that there was some sensible scoring system,
在他们的分析中，首先设想要有一套合理的评估系统，
awarding a numerical value to the various possible future positions on the basis of pieces held, pieces threatened, squares controlled and so forth.
根据当前存活的棋子、危险的棋子、控制的棋格等等，来对每一种着法的价值进行评估。
With this agreed, the most crude 'definite method' would be simply to make the move that maximised the score.
在这个基础上，机械的方法基本上就是执行评估价值最高的着法。
The next level of refinement would take the opponent's reply into account, using the 'minimax' idea to choose the 'least bad' move.
进一步的改进，是把对手的反应也考虑进来，根据最大值最小化的原则，来制定下一步的着法。
In chess there would normally be about thirty possible moves for each player, so that even this crude system would require about a thousand separate assessments.
在国际象棋中，对每个玩家而言，每步通常有大约30种着法，这样一来，哪怕是最简单的系统，每步也要进行将近1000次评估，
A further step of looking ahead would require thirty thousand.
如果要再往后看一步，那就要进行30, 000次评估。