(单词翻译:单击)
Neither leukemia nor lymphoma is diagnosed by imaging. Initial diagnosis typically requires biopsy and a number of laboratory tests that are performed on the blood and tissue samples. Imaging tests for leukemia, in particular, may not be as helpful as in other types of cancer that form tumors.
白血病和淋巴瘤都不能用影像学确诊。最初的诊断通常需要在血液和组织样本中进行活检和实验室测试。尤其是白血病的成像检测,在其他类型的癌症形成的肿瘤中可能没有用。
That said, even in leukemia, and often in lymphoma, plain x-ray images can offer clues that, taken together with other bits of information, may be part of the workup that ultimately leads to a biopsy and a diagnosis.
那就是说即使在白血病和淋巴瘤检测中,普通X射线图像结合其他信息可以提供一些线索, 通过这部分检查，最终可能得到活组织检查和诊断结果。
With respect to lymphoma, the patterns of lymph node involvement, which may be revealed even by chest x-rays, can be very important initially to help narrow down the possibilities. Not all swollen lymph nodes in the chest are lymphoma. Other cancers, infection, and nonmalignant diseases like sarcoidosis may be to blame. Sometimes swollen lymph nodes are in easily accessible locations for biopsy, such as the neck; however, in other cases—in Hodgkin lymphoma, for instance—the only cancerous lymph nodes might be located deep within the chest.
关于淋巴瘤，胸部的X光检查可能揭示淋巴结的转移类型, 最初可以帮助减小病情发生的可能性。在胸部，并非所有的淋巴结肿大都是淋巴瘤。其他癌症、感染和良性疾病像肉状瘤病可能是罪魁祸首。有时淋巴结肿大对活检来说，应该在容易检测的位置如颈部；然而,在其他情况下-例如霍奇金淋巴瘤-仅有的位于胸腔深处的淋巴结癌。
X-rays, or plain films, are not used to diagnose leukemia. However, a chest x-ray might be done to check for a lung infection or for some other reason, and the x-ray might also show swollen lymph nodes and other areas of disease. Some forms of leukemia may spread to the lymph nodes as the disease progresses.
X射线或腹部平片不用于诊断白血病。然而,肺部感染或一些其他原因可能会用到胸部X光。X射线也可显示淋巴结肿大和其他领域的疾病。随着淋巴结疾病的进展，某些形式的白血病可能扩散。
In addition, radiologists, or doctors who interpret radiographic imaging, look at the patterns of disease involvement, or lesions, in the bone.
此外, 解释射线成像的放射科医生或某些医生,会观察骨头里疾病的类型或病变。
Leukemia and many non-cancerous diseases that interfere with bone metabolism, such as hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis, may have a symmetrical distribution in the skeleton. In contrast, a haphazard, asymmetric appearance of bone lesions may suggest a different cause, such as Paget’s disease of the bone or metastatic spread of some other kind of cancer.
白血病和许多非肿瘤疾病都影响骨代谢,像甲状旁腺机能亢进和骨质疏松症在骨架中可能有一个对称分布。相比之下,一个偶然的、不对称的骨骼病变可能表明不同的原因，比如佩吉特氏骨病或其他类型癌症的转移扩散等。
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