Russian athletes have been banned from competing at the Rio 2016 Paralympics following the country's doping scandal.

被爆兴奋剂丑闻后，俄罗斯运动员被禁止参加2016年里约残奥会。

The McLaren report, published last month, detailed a state-sponsored doping programme operated by Russia.

于上月公布的《麦克拉伦报告》详细指出，俄罗斯由国家主导有组织地使用了兴奋剂。

The Russian Paralympic Committee is to appeal against the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport.

俄罗斯残奥委会将对此向体育仲裁法庭提出上诉。

In contrast to the IPC, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) chose not to hand Russia a blanket ban from the Olympic Games.

国际奥委会（IOC）做出的决定与国际残奥委会不同，他们选择不完全禁止俄罗斯参加奥运会。

The Rio 2016 Paralympics begin in 31 days' time, on 7 September, and 267 Russian athletes across 18 sports will now miss the Games.

离2016年9月7日开始的里约残奥会还有31天，本应参加18个项目的267名俄罗斯运动员将与残奥会失之交臂。

"The anti-doping system in Russia is broken, corrupted and entirely compromised," said IPC president Sir Philip Craven at a news conference on Sunday.

在上周日的新闻发布会上，国际残奥委会主席菲利普•克雷文说：“俄罗斯的反兴奋剂系统已经崩溃，堕落，而且完全违背准则。”

"The Russian Paralympic Committee are unable to ensure compliance with and enforcement of the IPC anti-doping code and the world anti-doping code within their own national jurisdiction and they can not fulfill its fundamental obligation as an IPC member.

“在本国的管辖范围内，俄罗斯残奥委会无法遵守和执行国际残奥委会和世界反兴奋剂机构的相关规定，也无法履行作为国际残奥委会成员的基本义务。”

"As a result, the Russian Paralympic Committee is suspended with immediate effect."

“因此，俄罗斯残奥委会即日起被禁赛。”

Russian Paralympic Committee member Evgeniy Bukharov told reporters: "I'm disappointed and really shocked. The IOC decided to stay for the rights of the clean athletes and only to fight against the athletes who are involved in doping.

俄残奥委会委员叶夫根尼•布哈洛夫接受记者采访时称：“我很失望，也大吃一惊。对于未染指兴奋剂的运动员，国际奥委会决定保留其参赛权，只禁止那些使用兴奋剂的运动员参赛。”

"I spoke with my team-mates from the organising committee and saw the reaction of the Russian Paralympic team, the athletes and coaches. They are very frustrated with this decision. If someone over four years tries to do their best to participate in the Games, suddenly to hear that they should not participate frustrated them."

“我与组委会的同仁谈话，看到了俄罗斯残奥队运动员和教练的反应。他们对这个决定感到非常沮丧。为了参加奥运会，四年以来他们竭尽全力，现在却突然听说不能参加了，这使他们感到非常挫败。”

Why was Russia banned?

为什么俄罗斯被禁赛？

Canadian law professor Richard McLaren's report found that Russia's sports ministry manipulated urine samples provided by its athletes between 2011 and 2015.

加拿大法学教授理查德•麦克拉伦的报告发现，2011年至2015年期间，俄罗斯体育部门对其运动员的尿检样本动了手脚。

The report identified 27 samples relating to eight Para-sports, five of which are summer sports, including some governed by the IPC.

该报告确定了涉及8个残奥会体育项目的27个尿检样本，其中5个是夏季奥运会的项目，包括一些由国际残奥委会管理的项目。

The IPC has also found evidence that samples were swapped during the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Games and it planned to reanalyse every Russian sample from Sochi.

国际残奥委会也发现了2014年索契冬季残奥会期间尿检样本被调换的证据，并计划重新审查索契奥运会上每个俄罗斯运动员的尿检样本。