At first glance, an interrogation might seem like a mere question-and-answer session, but countless psychological angles delve far beyond "good cop, bad cop." Below are 10 facts about interrogations, from the dark secrets of government agencies to heavy metal and the world's most influential cult.
乍看之下，审讯看起来仅仅只是一个问答环节。然而，这里面探究的无数心理角度都要比"好警察坏警察"（一种审讯中的心理策略，亦叫做联合询问或朋友和敌人法）深得多。以下列出关于审讯的十大事实，从政府机构不可告知的黑暗秘密到重金属音乐和世界上最具影响力的宗教，真是无奇不有！

10.The CIA's Interrogation Architect
10.中情局的审讯工程师

Dr. James Mitchell has had the kind of career they make movies about. He enlisted in the Air Force in 1974, where he became an expert in defusing bombs. Toward the end of his military stint, he served as a psychologist to a North Carolina special-ops unit. His retirement coincided almost perfectly with the 9/11 attacks. Subsequently, he joined up with fellow former military psychologist Dr. Bruce Jessen to sell their expertise to the CIA.
詹姆斯·米切尔博士拥有某种电影中才有的职业。他在1974年应征加入空军，在那里他成为了拆弹专家。在他兵役结束之后，他在北卡罗来纳州特种部队中担任心理医师。他退休的时间几乎与911恐怖袭击发生的时间完全吻合。所以，他与担任前任军事心理学家的同事布鲁斯博士一起加入到美国中央情报局，为他们提供专业意见。
The two made millions despite their lack of experience. Neither had carried out real interrogations or could even speak Arabic. And yet Mitchell became known as the architect of the CIA's "enhanced interrogation" program, a euphemism which has since been revealed to describe unambiguous torture. Their methods included confinement, throwing subjects into walls, sleep deprivation, and—perhaps most notoriously—waterboarding. Mitchell himself waterboarded Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who under duress admitted to various terrorist activities, which legal experts later deemed false confessions. In 2009, Mitchell and Jessen were dismissed from the CIA payroll. The Senate issued a scathing report detailing their abuses.
他们二人尽管经验不足但却成了百万富翁。他们没有进行过真正的谈判，甚至还不会说阿拉伯语。然而，米切尔却被称为中情局"强化审讯"项目的工程师。现在人们发现所谓的"强化审讯"不过是赤裸裸的折磨的委婉说法而已。他们的方法包括监禁，把犯人往墙上摔，剥夺睡眠，也许最恶名昭著的是水刑。米切尔亲自动手对穆罕默德实行了水刑。穆罕默德被迫承认多起恐怖袭击事件，之后法律专家们还误以为是他坦白从宽了。2009年，米切尔和杰森被中情局解雇。参议院对于他们滥用刑法一事发布了一份报告，对此严厉指责。
Mitchell was unrepentant for his activities, saying, "The narrative that's out there is, I walked up to the gate of the CIA, knocked on the door and said: ‘Let me in, I want to torture people, and I can show you how to do it.' Or someone put out an ad on Craigslist that said, ‘Wanted: psychologist who is willing to design torture program.' It's a lot more complicated than that. I'm just a guy who got asked to do something for this country by people at the highest level of government, and I did the best I could."
米切尔并不对他的行为感到悔恨，他说："事情是这样。我走到中情局的大门口，敲了下门，说‘让我加入你们吧，我想要折磨人，我可以展示给你看我是怎么办到的'或者换个说法，某人在克雷格列表（网站名）发布了一个广告：招聘愿意设计酷刑计划的心理医生。当然要比这复杂得多。我只是为政府最高层的人办事而已，而且我已经尽我所能。"

9.The Reid Technique
9.里德审讯

An official interrogation is careful and systematic, using such methods as the "Reid Technique," established by John Reid in the 1950s and taught by John E. Reid & Associates, Inc. It uses nine steps to disarm subjects. The interrogator monologues as if the accused is guilty. The trick's loaded statements lull the accused into accepting responsibility for the crime.
正式的审讯会非常严密和系统化，用到像"里德技巧"之类的审讯方法。20世纪50年代约翰里德（测谎分析师）发明了这套审讯体系并由约翰里德联合公司传授其方法。只要九步，犯人就会缴械投降。审讯者要滔滔不绝，好像罪名成立一样。这个把戏用一些别有用意的话慢慢地把被指控的人引入要对这起犯罪负责的节奏中去。
Although the technique is still commonly taught, many see major flaws. One of its biggest drawbacks is its focus on body language. Step 6, for instance, tells the interrogator to look for "physical signs of surrender" because "tears at this stage positively indicate the suspect's guilt." The connection between anxiety and lying is tenuous at best; an honest man locked away in a police precinct will likely exhibit suspicious traits when pressed, while a cold-blooded sociopath can weave a murderous tapestry of lies without blinking. The Reid Technique is infamous for drawing false confessions, particularly from children. In some European countries, it cannot legally be used to question juveniles.
虽然人们还在学习这个技巧，但是许多人看到了主要的缺陷。它最大的缺陷之一就是关注肢体语言。举个例子，第六步要求审讯人寻找"投降的身体特征"，因为"在这个阶段如果流眼泪的话恰好证明了嫌疑人有罪"。焦虑和说谎之间的联系最多也就那么一点；一个老实人被关在警局里，当他被强行逼供的时候也可能表现出一些可疑的迹象，而一个冷血的反社会分子可以眼睛都不眨一下，编织出一箩筐的谎言。里德技巧因为把人们（特别是小孩）屈打成招而背上了骂名。在一些欧洲国家，在审问青少年的时候使用里德技巧是不合法的。

8.The Fatal Debt Interrogation
8.致命的债务审讯

On March 29, 2011, Indonesian businessman Irzen Octa was called to a Jakarta Citibank office to discuss the $5,700 he owed on his platinum card. Octa was sent to an interrogation room used to question debtors, where he was beset by three third-party collectors: Arif Lukman, Henry Waslington, and Donal Harris.
2011年3月29日，印度尼西亚商人Irzen Octa被叫到雅加达花旗银行，讨论他白金卡里拖欠的5700美金一事。他被送到一间审问债务人的审讯室里，在那里他被三个第三方收债人围攻：Arif Lukman, Henry Waslington和 Donal Harris。
Indonesian banks are known to hound debtors, but what happened to Octa defies comprehension. Security footage shows him walking into the interrogation room, which had no cameras of its own. Over two hours later, he is shown being rolled out the room in a wheelchair, perhaps already dead. The bank may have attempted to cover-up the death, as a single medical examiner released conflicting reports. Several doctors examined the body, listing the cause of death as asphyxiation and brain hemorrhage caused by blunt violence. The three debt collectors were sentenced to five years in prison for their role in Octa's death.
印度尼西亚银行骚扰债务人是出了名的。但是发生在 Octa身上的一切却实在让人无法理解。安全监控录影带里显示他走进了没有摄像头的审讯室。两个小时之后，他就坐在一把轮椅上被推出了房间，或许那个时候他就已经死了。银行也许试图想要掩盖其罪行，因为有一位法医发布了许多自相矛盾的报告。一些医生检查了尸体都认为死因是因钝物袭击引起的窒息和脑出血。因为暴力殴打导致了Octa的死亡，最后这三个收债人被判处五年监禁。

7.The FBI's Interrogation Guide
7.美国联邦调查局的审讯指南

Under the Freedom of Information Act signed by Lyndon B. Johnson, the government regularly releases formerly classified intelligence to the public. These reports are heavily redacted, with black boxes removing names and details. Much of this stuff covers tedious bureaucratic proceedings, but there are some juicy bits, such as FBI files of well-known personalities. The highly anticipated CIA files on the JFK assassination are due to be made public in 2017.
在林顿·约翰逊总统签署的信息自由法案里，政府要定期向公众公开一些以前的机密情报。这些报告经过大量的修改，还有一些删除姓名和细节的黑匣子。许多资料都要通过单调乏味的官方审核，但其中也不乏猛料，比如说美国联邦调查局里著名人物的档案资料。人们极度期待的关于肯尼迪遇刺案的中情局文件将在2017年被公之于众。
Other sought-after documents include the FBI's internal guidelines. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has been trying to get its hands on this material for years. In 2011, the FBI released a censored version of their interrogation procedures. However, in a bizarre turn, it was discovered that this information—without redactions—had been available through the US Copyright Office. For some inexplicable reason, a high-ranking FBI official registered the form for copyright, making it publicly available. Unlike the FBI's redacted version, the uncensored copy reveals that only FBI "clean" teams, who plan to bring cases to court, must follow the stated regulations. This indicates that underground operations work far outside the boundaries of the law. The uncensored report also confirms that the FBI uses the aforementioned Reid technique.
其他一些很吃香的文件包括联邦调查局内部的审讯指南。美国公民自由协会多年来一直想要掌握这份资料。2011年，美国联邦调查局发布了一份审讯程序的校队版本。然而，让人匪夷所思的是人们发现如果没有经过修改的话这份资料在美国版权局就可以得到。出于某些无法说明的原因，联邦调查局的高层官员将其注册为版权形式，完全对公众公开。不像联邦调查局的修改版本，未经审查的版本揭露了只有联邦局里计划将案件提交给法庭的"干净"团队才必须遵守相关规定。这就表明了它们的地下工作已经远远超出了法律的界限。此外该报告还证明了联邦调查局使用了之前提到的里德审讯技巧。

6.Interrogation Room Suicide
6.审讯室自杀事件

The morning of December 19, 2003 would be a surreal one for the officers of San Bernadino County, California's Sheriff's Department. Deputy Michael Parham stopped 47-year-old Ricardo Alfonso Cerna for a traffic violation, only to have Cerna open fire, shooting him twice in the abdomen. Cerna was captured shortly thereafter and send to headquarters. He was placed in an interrogation room by the head of the homicide unit, Bobby Dean. But Cerna had no intention of being questioned.
2003年12月19日早晨发生的事情对于加州圣伯纳迪诺县警局的警员来说就像做梦一样。副警长迈克尔·帕勒姆因为交通违章拦下了47岁的里卡多•阿方索•塞尔纳的车，但这却使塞尔纳对他开火，在他的腹部射了两枪。那之后不久塞尔纳就被警方逮捕送到总部。凶杀案组的组长波比迪安将他押进审讯室，但是塞尔纳却无意接受审问。
Dean gave the suspect a bottle of water and stepped out into the hallway to speak with another officer. Then Cerna replaced the cap on the bottle of water, pulled a .45-caliber handgun from his pants, and calmly shot himself through the left temple. Dean returned to the room and exhaled a string of stunned expletives. Exactly how the official interrogation footage was made available to the public has not been revealed—it was distributed to various law enforcement agencies and could have been leaked anywhere along the line. Officials claimed disciplinary action was taken against officers in the Cerna case but did not provide details.If we accept the footage at face value, police arrested a man for shooting an officer and then allowed him into police headquarters with his massive handgun. Such a lapse of responsibility is so shocking that some believe there may have been a conspiracy.
迪安给了他一瓶水然后走到走廊与另一名警员聊天。然后塞尔纳盖上瓶盖，从他裤子里拿出一把45口径的手枪，平静地在他的左脑门上开了一枪。迪安回到审讯室闻到一股火药味。到底官方审讯录像里录制了什么还没有被公之于众——它被分发到各个执法部门，在其中的任何一个环节都有可能被泄露。官方称已经对涉及塞尔纳案的警员进行了纪律处分，但是没有提供具体的细节。如果我们光看表面，警察逮捕了一名袭警的人，然后让他带枪进入到警察总局。这种过失实在让人觉得不可思议，所以有些人认为其中必有阴谋。

翻译：高陈影 来源：前十网