经济学人:热带疾病(1)
日期:2018-12-24 18:57

(单词翻译:单击)

krWn(~C-VFZ9G,-LO77*HB3]qXmILo-

中英文本

V+atJ-XNZVVmUQ(oW=

Malaria killed 435,000 people last year, most of them in Africa.
去年435,000人死于疟疾,其中大部分在非洲eC1a(h-A![gTIwzGk2kF
The parasite that causes the illness is carried by females of some, but not all, species of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.
一些,并非所有,按蚊属雌性疟蚊都携带致病的寄生虫d;ee1MrFWl
An insect becomes infected by biting an infected human being. Over the course of ten to 12 days, the parasites then multiply inside her.
当一只昆虫叮咬了被感染人群后,这只昆虫会被感染fl%4DZElPU-e8uVrv。在10 到12天内,寄生虫迅速在她的体内繁殖&z9#Nn%gOq_)18b^bPKQ
Once this has happened she transmits them with her bite.
一旦繁殖,她就会通过叮咬传播这些寄生虫gr%uye7~K2N.axMxh@2
The threat posed by an individual mosquito thus depends on its species, sex and age.
一只蚊子所造成的威胁取决于它的种类、性别和年龄V]I#3t=S-MIa-tF
Knowing these for lots of local insects gives a better idea of where, when and how to intervene in a particular place.
知道本地昆虫的这些信息可以更好的了解在哪、何时以及如何对某个特定地点进行干预IM09NW8X0UbrD
If the locals are, for example, of a species that prefers to bite people inside houses,
例如,如果本地的一种种类喜欢叮咬房子里的人,
or to rest indoors after feeding, fumigating household interiors is the best approach.
或是喜欢在吃饱后在室内休息,那么对房屋内部进行消毒是最好的方法)f4x.7!-YWH
If not, it may be better to locate and disrupt breeding sites, using aerial spraying.
如果不是,那么最好是利用飞机喷雾对它们的繁殖点进行定位和破坏&BQs%e-+nIQum
Sex is easy to determine. Males have bushy mouths—in essence, beards. Females do not.
性别很容易进行确定6x7IK=XOtWVbRA*eXU。雄性嘴部(其实是胡须)浓密u4AJ,u&G1h#~mg&^!。雌性则不是Jwcm8n-Ha0l%ZQ*gf^

kwfcW_ylDWg

热带疾病 (1).jpg

xaw!TqEm7f;t

Determining species and age, though, is slow and laborious. DNA must be sequenced. Bodies must be dissected under microscopes.
虽然确定种类、年龄慢且费劲2sLjbrGsera;]G0e。DNA必须要进行排序w9bHhxr;4fei2Zku。必须在显微镜下对尸体进行解剖EGS1)*s.%kF+y
Chemical analyses must be performed. Laboratories in Britain and Tanzania are therefore testing an alternative—infrared spectroscopy.
必须由化学分析师执行qGl*YSfWVv[。因此英国和坦桑尼亚的实验室对一种替换方法—红外光谱法,进行测验xPf!|TnPTcC3cnmRgU!H
Mario González-Jiménez, a chemist at the University of Glasgow, uses a diamond and a piece of steel that act as a hammer and anvil,
格拉斯哥大学化学家Mario González-Jiménez使用一颗钻石和一块钢充当锤子和铁砧
crushing the mosquito to be analysed. The infrared light is then provided by a laser.
压碎需要被分析的蚊子3u|UKSv=Jqse。然后用激光提供红外光aafx~(Ki]WFduW(
With the insect duly splattered across one facet of the diamond, this laser is shone through the crystal onto it.
随着钻石的一面砸过这只昆虫,这束激光射过这面晶体j7dO3(fVkak
The light reflected back out of the crystal by the insect's remains is run through a spectroscope for analysis.
通过昆虫尸体反射出的钻石光线穿过分光镜Dy7NJl2paLI2o5fS
Part of the incident light will have been absorbed by various chemicals in the mosquito—
部分入射光将被蚊子中的各种化学物质吸收—
particularly chitin (a structural carbohydrate), proteins and lipids in the animal's cuticle.
尤其是几丁质(一种结构性碳水化合物)、蛋白质以及动物外皮的脂肪4%10;Pc&%*7-8RyGX2
This absorption shows up in the reflected light's spectrum as an absence of certain frequencies.
这种出现在反射光光谱中的吸收显现的是某种频率的缺失,3w9O-a_,p
These absences are called Fraunhofer lines, after the German physicist who discovered them two centuries ago.
这些缺失的频率被称为夫琅和费谱线,200年前,德国物理学家发现了它们ZtvZCtvPffCl0K_H
Particular molecules create particular patterns of Fraunhofer lines,
随着消失的光能被吸收,也驱动了特定分子中的原子键振动,
as the missing light energy has been absorbed to drive the vibrations of atomic bonds within those molecules.
那些分子就可以创造出某些模式的夫琅和费谱线QJcOMJXhD*

OhercrLJGXmybI](Ydl

译文由可可原创,仅供学习交流使用,未经许可请勿转载CdUiG7,.ztO

J4I[H%;X@qNwI@XV0pk

词语解释

1.infect 感染;传染
A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.
一只蚊子就能传染很多人I8[SR#gXzZ[5sz!J
2.transmit 传播
Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children.
父母自己的恐惧有可能在无意中感染了孩子PTw@uOpANo)|+DF1udRd
3.intervene 干预;介入
The situation calmed down when police intervened.
警察干预后,局势平静了下来vM0lQCVy2O4U1&
4.structural 结构的
The explosion caused little structural damage to the office towers themselves.
爆炸对办公大楼本身几乎没有造成结构上的损坏PbFiAufu(U

4H4e6=4%9pTSshJ)


i*3whx,rSP#t5^GN%&ghv,-7%zDcR33TIPDv^U!%P*
分享到
重点单词
  • carbohydraten. 碳水化合物,醣
  • incidentn. 事件,事变,插曲 adj. 难免的,附带的
  • diamondn. 钻石,像钻石的物质,菱形,纸牌的方块,棒球内场 v
  • intervenevi. 干涉,干预,插入,介入,调停,阻挠
  • locatevt. 把 ... 设置在,使坐落于,找出 vi. 住下
  • transmitvt. 传输,传送,代代相传,传达 vi. (以无线电或
  • spectrumn. 光谱,范围,系列
  • explosionn. 爆炸,爆发,激增
  • absorptionn. 吸收,全神贯注
  • infectvt. 传染,感染